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Some Notes On Replicating Prehistoric Pottery, John Miller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

My interest in pottery replication began about 30 years ago. As an archeologist, I was often required to analyze collections of prehistoric pottery. My analytical techniques were limited but standard for the day and usually involved classifying pottery according to previously defined pottery types and varieties. While this type of classification helps archeologists develop chronologies and determine cultural affiliation, it provides little understanding of how pottery was actually made. I felt that I might be able to enhance my analytical skills and possibly glean a little more from the archeological record if I could learn more about how pottery was …

Reconstructing Ancient Foodways At The Jones Mill Site (3hs28), Hot Spring County, Arkansas, Mary Beth D. Trubitt, Kathryn Parker, Lucretia Kelly

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Analyses of botanical and faunal samples and a new radiocarbon date provide a detailed picture of Indian foodways at the Jones Mill site on the Ouachita River in Arkansas. Hunting, plant processing, and fishing with nets is seen from Middle Archaic artifacts and features. Burned hickory nutshell found among clusters of fire-cracked rock shows the importance of nut masts as food between 6000-4300 B.C. By 1450 A.D., a more substantial community of people lived at Jones Mill. Refuse associated with traces of a Caddo period house provided direct evidence for the cultivation of maize and native Eastern Complex starchy seed …

Sourcing Red River Jasper: An Archaeological And Geological Investigation Of A Gravel Chert In The Red River Drainage, Elsbeth L. Dowd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Red River Jasper, a lithic material found in the Red River drainage, is an understudied chert that was widely used by prehistoric populations in this region from the Archaic to late prehistoric (Caddo) periods. Despite its common occurrence at sites along the Red River, this tabular chert has received little attention compared to other raw materials on the eastern margin of the Southern Plains. Although the material is macroscopically diverse, ranging in color from brown to yellow to red, microscopic analysis indicates that the material is relatively homogeneous and likely came from a limited set of sources. The archaeological distribution …

Digital Preservation And Spatial Representation At The Washington Square Mound Site (41na49), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Thirty-one years of excavations at the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49) have produced a large number of artifacts, excavation records, field notes, photographs, slides, maps, excavation profiles, and plan view maps. This article is the product of an effort to synthesize the aforementioned information for the initial field school which occurred in the summer of 1979. Through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), a digital grid was constructed atop aerial photography to house the digitized information within a spatial representation of the provenience from which it was recovered. This allows a query of the artifact catalog to produce the …

Foster Trailed-Incised: A Gis-Based Analysis Of Caddo Ceramic Distribution, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) allows for dynamic visualizations in the analysis of spatial distributions and the modeling of data clusters and outliers. An on-going analysis of Foster Trailed- Incised vessels found within the Caddo Homeland seeks to construct a distributional framework that can be applied and compared to additional Caddo ceramic types and site location attributes using a GIS database. Preliminary results show high frequencies of Foster Trailed-Incised vessels along the Ouachita and Red River drainages as well as along the Saline, Arkansas, and Little Missouri rivers in Arkansas. Additional possible varieties of Foster Trailed-Incised have …

An Earspool From Near Ada, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma?, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Earspools are generally acknowledged as status markers for ranking elites in Caddoan populations occupying the Arkansas River basin as well as the Caddo homelands in the Red River basin. In the Arkansas River basin, Baerreis and more recently Brown have discussed the attributes of earspools found at Spiro. There is also documentation for earspools found at other Arkansas River basin sites such as Harlan and Huffaker. Earspools at sites reported for the Red River basin include Gahagan and George C. Davis among others. However, the appearance of earspools at sites outside of the core areas is not well documented. Two …

A Radiocarbon Date From A Middle Caddo Period Habitation Site On Hickory Creek, Houston County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The National Forests and Grasslands (U.S.D.A. Forest Service) in Texas (NFGT) conducted Passports in Time (PIT) projects in 2006 and 2007 on Hickory Creek in the Davy Crockett National Forest, Houston County, Texas. The work took place at four prehistoric archeological sites: 41HO13, HC-1, Hickory Creek #2 (HC-2), and HC-3, with the majority of the work occurring at the Hickory Creek #2 site. Following discussions with the NFGT, the NFGT agreed to turn over the collections and available notes/records to me for the purposes of completing a volunteer analysis of these collections and preparing a report on the analytical findings. …

Luminescence Dates From The Tuinier Farm Site (41hp237), Hopkins County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, James K. Feathers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The luminescence dating of ceramics has been applied with some considerable success in a variety of settings—and on different ceramic wares—in North America, but since the days of Alpha Analytic (a subsidiary of Beta Analytic) in the early to mid-1980s, there have been no luminescence dating of Caddo ceramic wares in Northeast or East Texas. Given the abundance of ceramics of several different kinds and styles at all Caddo sites, the luminescence dating of both plain and decorated sherds recovered in situ from these many sites should be explored since it is a method “that dates the manufacture and use …

A Case For Dehahuit’S Village, Part Ii, Jim Tiller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this, the second of a two part series on Dehahuit’s village, we will use period materials to further establish a circumstantial case for the location of the village of this historic figure on Paw Paw Bayou in eastern Harrison County, Texas. In our discussion we will make use of selected distances and directions noted in the archival record and present a time and distance problem based on the journals of the Freeman and Custis expedition. We conclude with an analysis of Father José Puelles’ 1807 map of Texas and William Darby’s 1816 map of Louisiana.

An Intensive Archaeological Survey: Brownsville Independent School District Early College High School Project, Cameron County Texas, Sergio A. Iruegas, Melinda Tate-Iruegas

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the results of an intensive archaeological survey for the Brownsville Independent School District (BISD) Early College High School Project on the south west bank of Fort Brown Resaca., Cameron County, Texas. In accordance with the Antiquities Code of Texas (13TAC26.21), GTI submitted an Antiquities Permit application to Texas Historical Commission, and GTI Environmental, Inc. (GTI) was issued Antiquities Permit # 5862. This intensive archaeological survey demonstrates the BISD’s compliance with the code by identifying cultural resources as early as possible in the planning process, and it also demonstrates BISD’s continued efforts of their responsibility to provide prior …

Geoarcheology In North-Central Texas: A Framework For Archeological Investigation, And Cultural Resource Management In The Fort Worth Highway District, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This document represents an examination of geoarcheological issues affecting a nine– county area in and around Fort Worth, Texas. The study area includes Tarrant, Wise, Jack, Parker, Palo Pinto, Erath, Hood, Somervell, and Johnson Counties (Figure1–1), which collectively make up the Fort Worth District, a regional administrative entity of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This study represents the second phase of a district– focused geoarcheological program being implemented at TxDOT. A similar study of the Houston District was published previously (Abbott 2001a), and studies of other districts are planned. The current study is intended to familiarize archeologists, planners, and …

National Register Of Historic Places Eligibility Testing Of Site 41sm385 Within Txdot's Tyler District, Smith County, Texas, Michael A. Nash, Linda W. Ellis, Candace L. Wallace, Erin K. Watkins

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

PBS&J, an Atkins company, was contracted by the North East Texas Regional Mobility Authority to conduct National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing of site 41SM385, a prehistoric campsite on a small rise above the floodplain of Indian Creek in western Smith County, Texas. Testing investigations were conducted during March and September 2009. The site was subjected to a systematic program of shovel testing, mechanical trenching, and hand excavation in an effort to identify cultural features or living surfaces and optimize recovery of diagnostic faunal, floral, and artifactual remains.

The recovered cultural artifacts indicate that site 41SM385 represents a probable …

National Register Testing At 41hm46, Hamilton County, Texas: Cr 294 Bridge Replacement At The Leon River, John E. Dockall, Cory J. Broehm, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted test excavations at site 41HM46 in Hamilton County, Texas, to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The work was performed in September 2003 in conjunction with a proposed bridge replacement on County Road 294 over the Leon River.

The excavations consisted of three backhoe trenches, eight shovel tests, and seven hand-dug test units totaling 7 m3. Excavations yielded a small assemblage of chipped stone artifacts (tools, cores, and unmodified debitage), two features, and other cultural materials that appear to be associated with occupations ranging from the Late Archaic to …

Archeological Significance Testing At 41bx17/271, The Granberg Site: A Multi-Component Site Along The Salado Creek In Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia Moore Munoz, Raymond P. Mauldin, Jennifer L. Thompson, S. Christopher Caran, Linda Scott Cummings, J. Philip Dering, Mary E. Malainey, Al Mcgraw, Tom Mckern, Manuel Palacios-Fest, Barbara Meissner, Barbara Winsborough, Chad Yost

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted archeological significance testing at 41BX17, the Granberg Site, from January to March 2006. The testing was conducted for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT-ENV). The Granberg Site sits on the eastern flood terrace of the Salado Creek south of Loop 410 in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Planned road improvements including installation of a storm sewer line and a water main prompted the need to assess whether (1) cultural deposits including human remains still exist after previous testing and (2) if the …

Results Of Archeological Significance Testing At 41tv410 And 41tv540 And Associated Geomorphological Investigations On A Segment Of Onion Creek In Travis County, Texas, Antonia Figueroa, Raymond Mauldin, Charles D. Frederick, Steve A. Tomka, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In late 2005, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) contracted the Center for Archaeological Research at the University of Texas at San Antonio (CAR-UTSA) to conduct significance testing at 41TV410 and 41TV540, two prehistoric archeological sites located in the floodplain of Onion Creek in southeast Austin in Travis County. The work was conducted in advance of a borrow pit excavation related to the construction on State Highway (SH) 130. The borrow pit represented a project specific location (PSL). PSLs are normally not part of the project per Federal Highway Administration policy. PSLs are the responsibility of the contractor in most …

Archeological Investigations At The Lang Pasture Site (41an38) In The Upper Neches River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, David B. Kelley, Robert A. Ricklis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological testing at the Lang Pasture site (41AN38) and nearby Site 41AN159, was carried out in 2004 by a team of archeologists from Coastal Environments, Inc. and Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, working under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3333. Based on these efforts, it was determined that the Lang Pasture site had considerable research potential, as it contained remains of prehistoric Caddo domestic habitation and associated burial features. 41AN159 was found to have been seriously disturbed by historic agricultural activities, and to thus have no significant research potential. Data recovery investigations were recommended for the Lang Pasture Site in anticipation …

Root-Be-Gone (41yn452): Data Recovery Of Late Archaic Components In Young County, Texas Vol I, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Charles D. Frederick, Robert A. Ricklis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This cultural resource investigation was necessitated by the proposed bridge replacement and new right-of-way and easement along the Farm to Market road at Gages Creek crossing (CSJ: 3149-02-010) by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in southern Young County. From January 29, 2007 through March 16, 2007, an archeological crew from the Cultural Resources Department of TRC Environmental Corporation’s (TRC’s) Austin office conducted data recovery excavations in part of site 41YN452 (RootBe-Gone) before any disturbance from the planned bridge replacement activities occurred. This data recovery program was conducted under TxDOT Scientific Services Contract No. 575XX SA008 and Texas Antiquities Permit …

Archeological Investigations At Fort Boggy State Park, Leon County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Jon C. Lohse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report concerns archaeological site assessment work at Fort Boggy State Park, in Leon County, Texas, carried out by the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos (CAS) under the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s (TPWD) annual Antiquities Permit No. 5529. The archaeological site relocation and assessment work took place between July 6 and August 3, 2010. TPWD asked CAS to relocate, assess, and update the character of each of the 80 previously recorded sites at Fort Boggy State Park. Additionally, each site was to be assessed for its eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic …

Annual Report To Texas State University-San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, For Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5509, Carole A. Leezer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) at Texas State University-San Marcos (University) conducted archaeological survey and monitoring investigations on nine properties owned by the University under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5509 during the year 2010. Investigations were conducted to determine if intact cultural resources were present within the project areas and if they would be adversely affected by construction and development. Under a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and the University, CAS is authorized to determine whether proposed undertakings have the potential to negatively impact cultural resources, and if so, to recommend to the University …

Prehistoric Life, Labor, And Residence In Southeast Central Texas: Results Of Data Recovery At 41hy163, The Zapotec Site, San Marcos, Texas, Jon C. Lohse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report presents the results of archaeological investigations and analyses of the Zapotec site, 41HY163, in Hays County, Texas. Excavations conducted by the Center for Archaeological Studies, Texas State University-San Marcos from August, 2007 to February, 2008, under contract with the City of San Marcos, were required to offset negative impacts to the site as a result of the City’s construction of the Wonder World Drive Extension north from Hunter Road to Ranch Road 12. Initially self-funded by the City, the Federal Highway Administration agreed to reimburse the City for some construction costs. Accordingly, archaeological investigations were required under provisions …

Cultural Resources Inventory At Lake Corpus Christi State Park, San Patricio County, Texas, Carole Leezer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the request of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), Cultural Resources Program, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos conducted a cultural resources inventory at Lake Corpus Christi State Park, San Patricio County, Texas. Field investigations were conducted between June 7 and 18, 2010, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5652. Carole Leezer served as Principal Investigator, and the field crew of consisted of Julian A. Sitters, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Sarah Scogin, and Jacob Hooge. CAS archaeologists conducted a pedestrian survey and excavated 128 shovel test units within the 368-acre project area. This …

Archeological Survey Investigations At Martin Creek Lake State Park, Rusk County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Jon C. Lohse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

An intensive cultural resources survey was conducted at Martin Creek Lake State Park by the Center for Archaeological Studies and Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC in June 2010 under contract with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Although previous investigations had been carried out in the park, no comprehensive survey had been completed that would allow TPWD and park management personnel to appropriately manage the park’s cultural resources in accordance with state law. During the 2010 survey, the park was stratified into areas with high, medium, and low probability of containing archaeological sites. A total of 423 shovel tests were excavated …

Results Of Cultural Resources Survey For The Spring Lake Section 206 Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Project, Texas State University-San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, Carole A. Leezer, David M. Yelacic, Jon C. Lohse, Frederick H. Hanselmann

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) at Texas State University-San Marcos conducted intensive archaeological survey and subsurface testing investigations of the Area of Potential Effect (APE) of the Spring Lake Section 206 Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Project (SLAERP). The SLAERP proposes to restore the aquatic ecosystem components of Spring Lake and riparian corridor/grassland habitat located directly adjacent to the lake to a more natural condition within the constraints of existing land uses. This work will be conducted under Section 206 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, which provides authority for the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to …