Arts and Humanities Commons^™

The Effects Of Temperature And Daylength On The Rosa Polyphenism In The Buckeye Butterfly, Precis Coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Kelly C. Smith

Kelly C Smith

In North Carolina, Precis coenia that emerge during the Summer months exhibit a ventral hindwing (VHW) with well-defined reddish-brown and brown pattern elements on a light tan background. During late Summer and early Fall, however, individuals begin to appear with poorly defined or obscured pattern elements on a dark reddish-brown background. The present study shows that the Fall (rosa) color morph can be induced by either low rearing temperatures or short daylengths. The effect of such conditions seems to be cumulative throughout the larval life, although animals are much more sensitive during the last 24 hours of larval life and …

I Also Survived A Debate With A Creationist (With Reflections On The Perils Of Democratic Information), Kelly C. Smith

Kelly C Smith

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of debating with a creationist.

Hypothesis Generation And Testing: A Template For Biomedical Research, Michael Hoffmann

Michael H.G. Hoffmann

This argument map provides a template for the testing of hypotheses in biomedical research. It can be used in science education to direct students' attention to all components that need to be clarified to justify a scientific hypothesis in a specific experimental setting, including the justification of appropriate sample sizes in experiments, determination of background theories, description of experimental design, data collection methods, significance level, etc. To use this template, go to http://agora.gatech.edu/, search for argument map 3363, and copy the map.

Sound And The Moving Image:Critical Characteristics For Spectator Response, Kara Rader, Rafeeq I. Roberts, Matt Egizii, Jeffery Allen

Rafeeq I Roberts

The prevailing wisdom in the film and video production industries is that audio information outweighs visual information when it comes to spectator responses, but there are few empirical studies to support this claim. In previous research, four critical characteristics of sound have been identified: (1) Music, (2) visual/sound contradictions (defined as sound that is inconsistent with audience expectations based on visual information), (3) multi-channel sound, and (4) sound quality. Building on our previous research into music and film, we have found that many researchers have looked into the question of how music affects emotions (Eschrich et al., 2008; Have, 2008; …

The Importance Of Play In Organisation, Irina M. Verenikina, Helen M. Hasan

I. Verenikina

The role of play as a `social innovation' is attracting emerging research attention since it can affect the emotional climate and complex collaborative performance of the modern workplace. The psychology of play recognises the benefits of incorporating play and `playing games' at work. The increasing use of computer games throughout our society motivates the use of games and game technology for serious purposes including education, training and research. While managers are often reluctant to publicly state that play is good for work, they are willing to use the term `Serious Games'. These are games that engage users in their pursuit, …

Hsisp Annotated Bibliography: Moral & Character Education (1998-2013), Erich Yahner

Erich Yahner

No abstract provided.

Repetition Failure Is Not Required For Maximal Strength Adaptation, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton, Nigel Taylor

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Inline Control Period: An Important Methodological Design Consideration For Assessing Adaptation To A Resistance Training Intervention, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Endurance Training History Influences Individual Responsiveness To Resistance Training, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton, Nigel Taylor

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Mechanomyographic Measures Of Muscle Contractile Properties Are Influenced By The Duration Of The Stimulatory Pulse, Darryl Mcandrew, John Brown, Nicholas Rosser

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Mechanomyography; Lasers For Non-Invasive Quantification Of Muscle Recovery From Exercise Induced Fatigue, Nicholas Rosser, Darryl Mcandrew, Donald Iverson

Darryl J McAndrew

Muscle fatigue is a common clinical sign and possible precursor to musculoskeletal injury. Existing methods of detecting muscle fatigue qualify changes within muscle or across joints, but are expensive, invasive or difficult to use. A technique of mechanomyography utilising maximal percutaneous stimulation (known as the Muscle Displacement Laser {MDL}) is an easy non-invasive assessment tool, which may have considerable application in measuring muscle fatigue and determining recovery. Specifically, this study attempted to validate the MDL as a tool to measure muscle fatigue and determine the time-course of recovery from Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness in human biceps brachii muscle. Methods: …

Muscles Within Muscles: Coordination Of 19 Muscle Segments Within Three Shoulder Muscles During Isometric Motor Tasks, Darryl Mcandrew, Xu-Feng Huang, James Wickham, Mark Brown

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Elbow Flexion Speed And Partial Limb Occlusion On Emg Activity, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, R Achttien, J Stege

Darryl J McAndrew

This investigation aimed to determine the neuromuscular response of the bicep brachii during heavy (6RM) dynamic resistance exercise performed to volitional exhaustion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was compared in twelve male subjects performing dominant-limb elbow flexion exercise during four conditions: i) Explosive concentric and eccentric (SSC); ii) Explosive concentric, control eccentric (EC); iii) control (C); and iv) control with limb occlusion (CO) (110mmHg). CO and SSC are reported to increase motor unit activity when compared to control exercise (2 second flexion, 2 second extension). It was hypothesised that EMG activity will be higher in conditions of explosive exercise. Surface EMG activity …

Emg Activity And Total Work Reduction In Occluded And Non-Occluded Resistance Exercise Conditions, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Heath Kilah

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Muscles Within Muscles: A Mechanomyographic Analysis Of Muscle Segment Contractile Properties Within Human Gluteus Maximus, Darryl Mcandrew, John Brown, Mark Gorelick

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Mechanomyographic Changes To The Biceps Brachii Following High Intensity Resistance Training, Herbert Groeller, John Sampson, Darryl Mcandrew

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

Development Of Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8+ T Cells Following Live-Attenuated Chimeric West Nile Virus Vaccination, Heidi Smith, Thomas Monath, Pamela Pazoles, Alan Rothman, Diane Casey, Masanori Terajima, Francis Ennis, Farshad Guirakhoo, Sharone Green

Alan Rothman

ChimeriVax-WN02 is a novel live-attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine containing modified WNV premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) sequences inserted into the yellow fever 17D vaccine genome. We investigated the induction and evolution of CD8(+) T cell responses to a WNV envelope epitope, which is a dominant target in naturally infected HLA-A*02-positive individuals. WNV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected by HLA tetramer staining in 22 of 23 donors tested, with peak frequencies occurring between days 14 and 28. WNV epitope-specific T cells evolved from an effector phenotype to a long-lived memory phenotype. In the majority of donors, CD8(+) T …

Intracellular Cytokine Production By Dengue Virus-Specific T Cells Correlates With Subclinical Secondary Infection, Steven Hatch, Timothy Endy, Stephen Thomas, Anuja Mathew, James Potts, Pamela Pazoles, Daniel Libraty, Robert Gibbons, Alan Rothman

Alan Rothman

The pathophysiology of dengue virus infection remains poorly understood, although secondary infection is strongly associated with more severe disease. In the present study, we performed a nested, case-control study comparing the responses of pre-illness peripheral blood mononuclear cells between children who would subsequently develop either subclinical or symptomatic secondary infection 6-11 months after the baseline blood samples were obtained and frozen. We analyzed intracellular cytokine production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in response to stimulation with dengue antigen. We found higher frequencies of dengue virus-specific TNFalpha, IFNgamma-, and IL-2-producing T cells among schoolchildren who subsequently developed subclinical infection, compared with …

Determinants Of Inapparent And Symptomatic Dengue Infection In A Prospective Study Of Primary School Children In Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Timothy Endy, Kathryn Anderson, Ananda Nisalak, In-Kyu Yoon, Sharone Green, Alan Rothman, Stephen Thomas, Richard Jarman, Daniel Libraty, Robert Gibbons

Alan Rothman

BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses are a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Inapparent dengue is an important component of the overall burden of dengue infection. It provides a source of infection for mosquito transmission during the course of an epidemic, yet by definition is undetected by health care providers. Previous studies of inapparent or subclinical infection have reported varying ratios of symptomatic to inapparent dengue infection.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a prospective study of school children in Northern Thailand, we describe the spatial and temporal variation of the symptomatic to inapparent (S:I) dengue illness ratio. Our …

T-Cell Responses To Dengue Virus In Humans, Ichiro Kurane, Takaji Matsutani, Ryuji Suzuki, Tomohiko Takasaki, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Sharone Green, Alan Rothman, Francis Ennis

Alan Rothman

Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Dengue virus infection induces specific CD4+CD8- and CD8+CD4- T cells in humans. In primary infection, T-cell responses to DENV are serotype cross-reactive, but the highest response is to the serotype that caused the infection. The epitopes recognized by DENV-specific T cells are located in most of the structural and non-structural proteins, but NS3 is the protein that is most dominantly recognized. In patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) caused by secondary DENV infection, T cells are highly activated in vivo. …

Cross-Reactivity And Expansion Of Dengue-Specific T Cells During Acute Primary And Secondary Infections In Humans, Heather L. Friberg-Robertson, Hema Sundara Bashyam, Tomoko Toyosaki-Maeda, James A. Potts, Thomas C. Greenough, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Robert V. Gibbons, Ananda Nisalak, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Sharone Green, Henry A. F. Stephens, Alan L. Rothman, Anuja Mathew

Alan Rothman

Serotype-cross-reactive memory T cells responding to secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection are thought to contribute to disease. However, epitope-specific T cell responses have not been thoroughly compared between subjects with primary versus secondary DENV infection. We studied CD8(+) T cells specific for the HLA-A*1101-restricted NS3(133) epitope in a cohort of A11(+) DENV-infected patients throughout acute illness and convalescence. We compared the expansion, serotype-cross-reactivity, and activation of these cells in PBMC from patients experiencing primary or secondary infection and mild or severe disease by flow cytometry. Our results show expansion and activation of DENV-specific CD8(+) T cells during acute infection, which …

B-Cell Responses During Primary And Secondary Dengue Virus Infections In Humans, Anuja Mathew, Kim West, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Robert Gibbons, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Sharone Green, Daniel Libraty, Smita Jaiswal, Alan Rothman

Alan Rothman

Low-avidity serotype-cross-reactive antibodies are hypothesized to play a key role in triggering severe disease in patients with secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, there is little systematic information about the frequency, avidity, and cross-reactivity of DENV-specific B cells in individuals experiencing primary instead of secondary infection. We compared DENV-specific B-cell responses in a cohort of Thai children with primary or secondary DENV infection. B cells specific for DENV precursor membrane protein, envelope (E) protein, and nonstructural protein 1 were detectable in immune peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the highest frequencies of DENV E-specific B cells detected in patients experiencing primary …

Connecting Through Consilience: Ecology, Society, Culture And Technology, Ruth Mirams, Alexander Hayes

Alexander Hayes Mr.

Amongst linguistic, cultural and geographic diversity, humanity is characterised by inquisitiveness, communication and a deep desire to connect with each other. Despite our advanced intelligence and technological capacity, we are creatures of nature - a species which occupies a habitat, depends on consumable resources and fragile in many ways. As a species, we currently face challenges including overpopulation, diminishing resources and habitat degradation. In essence, we are exhausting the resources we depend on. [1] Resource depletion, disruption, famine, growth and sustainability are all observable in other species and natural systems. Human societies and systems can be described through the same …

Letters + Numbers = Symbols, Gabriel Leiner

Gabriel Leiner

History: The Birth Of "America" In 1882, Robert H.I. Dale

Robert H. I. Dale

This article concerns a New York Times story about the birth of the female Asian elephant calf, named America, at the winter headquarters of the "Greatest Show on Earth" in Bridgeport, Connecticut on February 2, 1882. Phineas T. Barnum, one of the owners of the show, and one prone to self-aggrandizing bluster, claimed that America was the second elephant ever born in captivity. America was born only to months before the arrival in New York of the most famous circus elephant of all time, Jumbo, on Easter Sunday, 1882, and only two years before the origin of a small wagon …

University Of Wyoming Wool Laboratory, 1907-2012, David Kruger

David Delbert Kruger

The University of Wyoming Wool Laboratory operated on campus from 1907-2012, in which time the sheep and wool industry experienced great change. For over a century, the faculty of the Wool Lab carefully cataloged research associated with sheep and wool, accumulating a collection of over 1,000 individual titles, 10,000 bound journal articles, correspondence, equipment manuals, and data notebooks, and a set of 872 preserved wool samples dating from 1837. This collection, now housed at the Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections Library at the University of Wyoming, is thought to be one of the most unique and complete collections of sheep …

Scientists And Animal Research: Dr. Jekyll Or Mr. Hyde?, Andrew N. Rowan

Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil

Why is the public so sensitive about the use of a few tens of millions of animals in research when they do not object to killing hundreds of millions of pigs and cows and billions of chickens for our meat diet? Why is animal research considered so bad despite the public's high opinion of science (and scientists)? Perhaps it is the image of the scientist as an objective and cold individual who deliberately inflicts harm (pain, distress, or death) on his (the public image is usually male) innocent animal victims that arouses so much horror and concern. This paper does …

Animal Pleasure And Its Moral Significance, Jonathan Balcombe

Jonathan Balcombe, PhD

This paper presents arguments for, and evidence in support of, the important role of pleasure in animals’ lives, and outlines its considerable significance to humankind’s relationship to other animals. In the realms of animal sentience, almost all scholarly discussion revolves around its negative aspects: pain, stress, distress, and suffering. By contrast, the positive aspects of sentience – rewards and pleasures – have been rarely broached by scientists. Yet, evolutionary principles predict that animals, like humans, are motivated to seek rewards, and not merely to avoid pain and suffering. Natural selection favours behaviours that enhance survival and procreation. In the conscious, …

The Applicability Of The Self-Fulfillment Account Of Welfare To Nonhuman Animals, Babies, And Mentally Disabled Humans, Tatjana Visak, Jonathan Balcombe

Jonathan Balcombe, PhD

In this paper we will argue that generality is a virtue of Haybron’s account of welfare. Indeed, reflecting on the applicability of his theory to nonhuman animals will give us a better understanding of its applicability to humans. We will first focus on self-fulfillment and suggest an interpretation of Haybron’s account according to which the self-fulfillment of an individual consists in the fulfillment of the aspects of the self that are applicable to that particular individual. This makes Haybron’s account of welfare applicable to all sentient beings. Then we will focus on sub-personal nature-fulfillment and argue that the same interpretation …

Wild Rides And Wildflowers: Philosophy And Botany With Bikes, Scott Abbott, Sam Rushforth

Scott Abbott

This book bears only passing resemblance to any book we have read to date. We hope it is comical, perhaps in ways that will remind readers of NPR’s “Car Talk,” where listeners share the good natured and sometimes acidic banter between brothers who also know a lot about cars. We hope it is moving, not in the extended ways Terry Tempest Williams often achieves, but through surprising comments and stories that accompany the bike rides and that, over the course of four years, add up to a larger picture. We hope it is informative, not in the comprehensive way John …