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Articles 31 - 60 of 186
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2021
An Augustan Accident: The Paradox Of Augustan Sex And Marriage Laws And Augustan Ideology, Lillian Shea
An Augustan Accident: The Paradox Of Augustan Sex And Marriage Laws And Augustan Ideology, Lillian Shea
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Augustus, born Gaius Octavius, curated a specific image of himself and his purpose for the Roman people, starting with his rise to power following his victory at Actium in 31 B.C.E. and culminating in his later construction projects. Augustus was generally successful at crafting a Pax Romana in which the people were fed, the Empire’s borders expanded, and the armies at peace. However, Augustus was fallible. When promoting themes of fertility, he enacted laws to actualize his ideology, restricting marriage based on class, ordering a minimum number of children per couple, and condemning adulteresses. Never before had state law punished …
Some Corner Forever: The Imperial War Graves Commission And The Meaning Of The Great War, Cameron T. Sauers
Some Corner Forever: The Imperial War Graves Commission And The Meaning Of The Great War, Cameron T. Sauers
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This paper argues that sites administered by the Imperial War Graves Commission played a significant part in the British public’s mourning and understanding of the meaning of the Great War. Pilgrimages, due to their popularity, size, and accessibility, allowed the countless bereaved families to grieve the losses that they suffered during the war. Their visits to cemeteries were powerful experiences because of the painstaking work done by the IWGC to bury identified bodies, honor unidentified remains, and enshrined names for those whose remains could not be identified. The IWGC was a bureaucratic organization that overcame the cultural challenge posed by …
"Immortal Until His Work Is Done": Northern Methodists And The Klan In Reconstruction Alabama, Christopher T. Lough
"Immortal Until His Work Is Done": Northern Methodists And The Klan In Reconstruction Alabama, Christopher T. Lough
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Although the congressional report from the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Hearings has featured prominently in the historiography of Reconstruction, the insight it offers into its witnesses’ religious experiences has gone largely unnoticed. Using the testimony of Arad Simon Lakin, a Northern Methodist preacher who ministered in Alabama following the Civil War, this article seeks to fill in the gaps. Lakin’s work and the violent resistance he encountered is understood as a microcosm of the Christian life in the Reconstruction South. Building on analyses of the Ku Klux Klan as the embodiment of apocalyptic rhetoric in Southern evangelicalism, I argue that …
The Celtic Queen Boudica As A Historiographical Narrative, Rachel L. Chenault
The Celtic Queen Boudica As A Historiographical Narrative, Rachel L. Chenault
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The story of Boudica, the Iron Age Celtic queen, has been echoed through multitudes of historical narratives, stories, poems, novels and even movies. Boudica led a rebellious charge against Roman colonists in Ancient Britain, and was eventually defeated. Now she stands as a woman who fought back against one of the most powerful empires in the world, during a time in which women had little to no place in history at all. Contemporary Roman historians Tacitus, born approximately around 56 or 57 C.E., and Dio, born around 150 C.E., both recorded the events of Boudica’s rise and fall, in retrospect …
Carrying The Nation On Fragile Shoulders: Female Textile Workers In A Modernizing Japan, Max R. Bouchard
Carrying The Nation On Fragile Shoulders: Female Textile Workers In A Modernizing Japan, Max R. Bouchard
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
During the period from the early Meiji era to the end of the Second World War in which Imperial Japan sought to modernize the nation’s economy by investing heavily in mechanized labor industries, cotton and silk textile manufacturing was the lead sector in this industrialization process. One of the most distinctive features of this vitally important industry was that Japanese women, mostly of relatively young ages and from rural communities across the country, constituted the majority of the workers employed in textile factories. Throughout this era, the treatment of this predominantly female workforce on the part of both textile companies …
Featured Piece, Scott Hancock
Featured Piece, Scott Hancock
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s feature piece was written by Professor Scott Hancock, who is Chair of the History Department. He focuses on African American experiences before the Civil War, especially in law.
Letter From The Editors, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson, Lillian Shea
Letter From The Editors, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson, Lillian Shea
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
In the midst of social unrest and a global pandemic, we, the editors of the Gettysburg Historical Journal, could not forget our duty to publish undergraduate academic scholarship. Although this task may seem trivial considering greater issues, historical discourse deserves its place.
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2020
Righteousness, Reservation, Remembrance: Freedom-Loving Whites, Freedom-Seeking Blacks, And The Societies They Formed In Adams County, Brandon Roos
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On the border between slave society and free society a collection of ideologies mixed. The residents of Adams County, even before its inception on January 22, 1800, lived in a state of division that swirled and crashed against the omnipresent slavery conundrum. The "New World Renaissance" swept through Adams County in the 1830s bringing schools, public works, businesses, and most culturally significant, new ideas. These ideas would prove to be the fount from which flowed the waters of reform. As the first settlers had made good use of the physical creeks and streams that dotted their pastoral landscape, so too …
"Moses In Retirement": Andrew Johnson, 1869-1876, Evan Rothera
"Moses In Retirement": Andrew Johnson, 1869-1876, Evan Rothera
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On March 4, 1869, a tailor from Greeneville, Tennessee, who began his political life as an alderman and then mayor of Greeneville, who served in both houses of the State Legislature and both Houses of Congress, who served as the Governor of Tennessee and later the wartime Governor of Tennessee, who was elected to the vice-presidency of the United States, and, by the bullet of an assassin, made President of the United States, gave his Farewell Address. A few days later, he slunk out of Washington, D.C., and began his long journey home. Henry H. Ingersoll wrote to Johnson on …
"What Good Can There Be In This Kind Of Human?" Spanish Justification For The Conquest Of The Americas, John R. Pittenger
"What Good Can There Be In This Kind Of Human?" Spanish Justification For The Conquest Of The Americas, John R. Pittenger
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The Spanish conquest of the Americas was one of the most brutal episodes in human history. Entire cultures of American natives were suppressed, murdered, raped, and enslaved by Spanish conquistadors on an incessant quest for precious metals and other material wealth. The devastation wrought upon the natives was so great that some Spaniards felt that what they were doing violated God's will and was naturally and morally wrong, but they were vastly outnumbered. The majority saw it as their right, duty, and privilege to conquer and subject these millions of people to Spanish rule. Since they were trying to justify …
'A Beautiful Dream Realized': John S. Rice And The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Of The Battle Of Gettysburg, Brian Matthew Jordan
'A Beautiful Dream Realized': John S. Rice And The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Of The Battle Of Gettysburg, Brian Matthew Jordan
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
"We have real cause for being proud of our past and the heritage it has given us ... We have a rich past ... along with this heritage we have had thrust upon us a deep responsibility," John S. Rice said in 1959. Indeed, it was the same sense of deep responsibility that had motivated him in anticipation of 1938. That year marked the seventy-fifth anniversary of the cataclysmic, three-day battle that was waged in the fields and farm lanes surrounding the seat of his native Adams County, Pennsylvania. Rice's cognizance of the importance not only of the Battle of …
"With Malice Towards None": The Springfield, Illinois Race Riot Of 1908, Andrew Carlson
"With Malice Towards None": The Springfield, Illinois Race Riot Of 1908, Andrew Carlson
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On Saturday, March 4th, 1865, a tall man with dark, tussled hair and a beard, dressed in a large great coat with top hat removed, stood on the portico of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., addressing the large crowd that had gathered to hear him speak. These civilians crowded near to the balcony, not only to hear the speaker but also to fend off the cold, leftover from the rain of the preceding weeks. After briefly discussing the issues of civil war and slavery, he appealed to the Almighty for assistance and closed with these now familiar lines: "With …
The Question Of Morality In Relations Between The United States And Huerta's Government, Ashley Towle
The Question Of Morality In Relations Between The United States And Huerta's Government, Ashley Towle
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The presidency of General Victoriano Huerta was one of the darker times in the history of the Mexican Revolution. Often described as a ruthless dictator, Huerta went to extreme measures to maintain power, even going as far as to assassinate those who opposed his rule. Senator Belisario Dominguez was one of those men who opposed Huerta's right to the presidency, and was assassinated after speaking out against the dictator. The series of events following the senator's murder did not affect just Mexico; the repercussions of Huerta's actions were felt in Europe and the United States. As a result of Huerta's …
Letter From The Editor, Rachel Burg
Letter From The Editor, Rachel Burg
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
For the seventh time, the Gettysburg Historical Journal of Gettysburg College put out a call for the submissions to the annual journal, and once again, the Journal received a large number of outstanding student compositions on the topic of history. This year in particular, the editorial board faced a daunting task in deciding which submissions were the best of the best.
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008.
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete issue of The Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008.
The Role Of Music In Assimilation Of Students At The Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Abigail C. Winston
The Role Of Music In Assimilation Of Students At The Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Abigail C. Winston
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Despite the vast research on the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, music is often overshadowed by the recognition of the school’s athletic program in the discussion of the place of extracurricular activities in Native American assimilation. This paper discusses the role of music in the assimilation of students at the Carlisle Indian School, drawing from the fields of both history and ethnomusicology to demonstrate that music had a much more profound effect on assimilation than athletics. Through a discussion on the differences between Native American and Western art music, and the disparity between their functions in society, it is clear that …
Best Of Intentions?: Rinderpest, Containment Practices, And Rebellion In Rhodesia In 1896, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson
Best Of Intentions?: Rinderpest, Containment Practices, And Rebellion In Rhodesia In 1896, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Rinderpest was a deadly bovine virus that plagued cattle herds accross Europe and Asia for centuries. In the late 1880s to early 1890s, the virus found its way to Africa, where it wiped out thousands of non-immune cattle herds belonging to African pastoralists and agriculturalists. By February 1896, the virus had crossed the Rhodesian border along the Zambezi River and began killing off cattle owned by ethnic groups that included the Matabele and the Shona, as well as cattle owned by white settlers. In an effort to contain the virus, the British South African Company consulted with colonial officials in …
Victoria: The Girl Who Would Become Queen, Lindsay R. Richwine
Victoria: The Girl Who Would Become Queen, Lindsay R. Richwine
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This research reviews the early life of Queen Victoria and through analysis of her sequestered childhood and lack of parental figures explains her reliance later in life on mentors and advisors. Additionally, the research reviews previous biographical portrayals of the Queen and refutes the claim that she was merely a receptacle for the ideas of the men around her while still acknowledging and explaining her dependence on these advisors.
Destroying The Right Arm Of Rebellion: Lincoln’S Emancipation Proclamation, Benjamin Pontz
Destroying The Right Arm Of Rebellion: Lincoln’S Emancipation Proclamation, Benjamin Pontz
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was a gamble. If it were to succeed, it could cripple the economy of the South, decimating its war effort, drive the border states to accept compensated emancipation, ending slavery as an institution in the United States, and accelerate the end of the war, ensuring the endurance of the United States of America. If it were to fail, it could spur the border states to secede, galvanizing the South, render Abraham Lincoln a political pariah with two years remaining in his term, deflating the North, and encourage European states to broker a two-state solution in North America, …
A Race To The Stars And Beyond: How The Soviet Union’S Success In The Space Race Helped Serve As A Projection Of Communist Power, Jack H. Lashendock
A Race To The Stars And Beyond: How The Soviet Union’S Success In The Space Race Helped Serve As A Projection Of Communist Power, Jack H. Lashendock
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
In the modern era, the notion of space travel is generally one of greater acceptance and ease than in times previously. Moreover, a greater number of nations (and now even private entities) have the technological capabilities to launch manned and unmanned missions into Earth’s Orbit and beyond. 70 years ago, this ability did not exist and humanity was simply an imprisoned species on this planet. The course of humanity’s then-present and the collective future was forever altered when, in 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first satellite into space, setting off a decades-long completion with the United States …
Letter From The Editors, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson, Abigal K. Major
Letter From The Editors, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson, Abigal K. Major
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The Gettysburg Historical Journal embodies the History Department’s dedication to diverse learning and excellence in academics. Each year, the journal publishes the top student work in a range of topics across the spectrum of academic disciplines with different mythological approaches to the study of history. In the word of Marc Bloch, author of The Historian’s Craft, “history is neither watchmaking nor cabinet construction. It is an endeavor toward better understanding.” In the spirit of this maxim, our authors strive to elucidate the many facets of human societies and cultures. Whether this research is focused on politics, religion, economics, environmental history, …
Featured Piece, Katheryn E. Whitcomb
Featured Piece, Katheryn E. Whitcomb
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s feature piece was written by Professor Kathryn Whitcomb who is new to Gettysburg College’s Department of Classics. In addition to Classics courses, she has taught courses that have been cross-listed with the History Department and thus adds to the diversity that make the historical field so great and broadens the horizons of historical scholarship to her students.
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2019
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2019
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2019
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete issue of The Gettysburg Historical Journal 2019.
A Divided Generation: How Anti-Vietnam War Student Activists Overcame Internal And External Divisions To End The War In Vietnam, Jeffrey L. Lauck
A Divided Generation: How Anti-Vietnam War Student Activists Overcame Internal And External Divisions To End The War In Vietnam, Jeffrey L. Lauck
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Far too often, student protest movements and organizations of the 1960s and 1970s are treated as monolithic in their ideologies, goals, and membership. This paper dives into the many divides within groups like Students for a Democratic Society and Young Americans for Freedom during their heyday in the Vietnam War Era. Based on original primary source research on the “Radical Pamphlets Collection” in Musselman Library Special Collections, Gettysburg College, this study shows how these various student activist groups both overcame these differences and were torn apart by them. The paper concludes with a discussion about what made the Vietnam War …
European Jazz: A Comparative Investigation Into The Reception And Impact Of Jazz In Interwar Paris And The Weimar Republic, Douglas A. Kowalewski
European Jazz: A Comparative Investigation Into The Reception And Impact Of Jazz In Interwar Paris And The Weimar Republic, Douglas A. Kowalewski
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Both Paris and the Weimar Republic were fascinated with American jazz in the interwar period. Because of jazz's connection to African American culture, this fascination is linked with the themes of identity and race relations. This work will demonstrate that interwar Parisians were not always receptive of African Americans that played jazz, and that the citizens of the Weimar Republic were more aware of and interested in the African American culture that permeated jazz in the 1920s and 30s.
Saving Grace On Feathered Wings: Homing Pigeons In The First World War, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson
Saving Grace On Feathered Wings: Homing Pigeons In The First World War, Brandon R. Katzung Hokanson
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Soldiers of the First World War came in all shapes and sizes. The humble homing pigeon is one of the more unique and critical examples of such. They served in the armed forces of both the Allies and the Central Powers. Used as a last-ditch form of communication, the homing pigeons were exceptional in the work of sending messages back and forth between the battle lines. Little has been written about their vital role and even less in the rigorous training the birds and their handlers both endured. Understanding their training is critical to understanding how the homing pigeons performed …