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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Lopez V. Seccombe: The City Of San Bernardino’S Mexican American Defense Committee And Its Role In Regional And National Desegregation, Mark Ocegueda
Lopez V. Seccombe: The City Of San Bernardino’S Mexican American Defense Committee And Its Role In Regional And National Desegregation, Mark Ocegueda
History in the Making
This article examines Lopez v. Seccombe, one of the earliest successful desegregation court cases in United States history. The legal challenge was decided in 1944 in the City of San Bernardino, California and desegregated city parks and recreational facilities, specifically the Perris Hill “plunge” or pool. The decision of this case set precedent for other local desegregation challenges, including the much more celebrated Mendez v. Westminster decision in 1947, and eventually had influence on the landmark Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. This study will focus on the Mexican American barrio in San Bernardino’s Westside, …
A Pilgrimage To Manzanar, Renee Barrera
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
History in the Making
This paper is not meant to be the traditional research paper. It is a brief look into the documents researchers find and analysis while researching on a topic. The documents provide a view into the people and policies of that time period. The two letters that will be analyzed later in this paper are examples of Indian boarding schools’ policies that had direct effect on the lives of the students and their families.1 In the turn of the twentieth century, Indian boarding schools were still operating on the premise of assimilation of the American Indian into the "white culture." Hopefully, …
To Protect And To Serve: Effects Of The Relationship Between The Brown Berets And Law Enforcement, Paul Flores
To Protect And To Serve: Effects Of The Relationship Between The Brown Berets And Law Enforcement, Paul Flores
History in the Making
During the late 1960s and into the early 1970s the Brown Berets were heavily involved in the Chicano Movement. They formed as a group of students with the goal of reforming the inequalities Hispanic people faced within the Los Angeles school system, though the greater circumstances quickly led the Brown Berets into the direction of being a militant organization with their focus shifting to police brutality and the Vietnam War. As a result of this shift they became an enemy of the local police and later the federal government. Thus, the Berets adopted the motto, “To Serve, Observe, and Protect,” …
Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith
Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
History in the Making
There is limited information on the life of the nineteenth century female slave with most details compiled from the narratives of well-known women such as Sojourner Truth. Professor Erlene Stetson and other historians argue that scholars treat slavery as a male phenomenon and the female is merely looked upon as a breeder, while noted African-American activist Angela Davis calls for a more accurate portrayal to debunk derogatory myths. This paper addresses the issue of image with the argument that the enslaved African-American woman possessed no image of her own. It focuses on the story of a runaway female slave named …
California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel
California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel
History in the Making
Discussions of unfree labor systems in the United States have long been focused on history of institutionalized slavery on the East coast and plantation slavery in the American South. However, recent scholars have challenged the definitions of unfree labor systems based solely on the framework of American slavery in these areas. Forced Indian labor in the territory of Alta California between the late 18th and mid-nineteenth centuries has offered historians a major counter-example of institutionalized unfree labor within the United States. This paper focuses on explaining the social context under which the 1850 "An Act for the Government and Protection …
Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta
Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta
History in the Making
The California citrus industry was the engine for the economic and cultural development of twentieth century Southern California. Studies have also focused on citrus as specialty crop agriculture. Its labor usage pattern required the economic, social, and political powerlessness of its workers. Growers and workers shared the spaces of the citrus groves and packinghouses, but otherwise led largely separate lives, delineated by class and race. Community formation during the Great Depression is examined from each perspective – dominant Anglo grower society and workers of Mexican descent. Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism provides a …
Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal
Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal
History in the Making
Vast research can be found on African Americans’ culture and their use of humor to overcome struggles within American society. Much of the research found focuses on the study of African American humor in literature, folk tales, art, and theatre, but little has been done on the study of black stand-up comedy in the 1960s and comics’ use of humor to overcome and combat racism and social struggles during this decade. Different methods of approach are used to gain a broader understanding of the use of humor as a combative tool by black comics in the 1960s. The comedic performances …
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Kobe Bryant, Benjamin Shultz
Toni Morrison, Cindy Ortega
A War From Within: An Analysis Of The Factors That Caused The Collapse Of The Iroquois Confederacy, Jessica Howe
A War From Within: An Analysis Of The Factors That Caused The Collapse Of The Iroquois Confederacy, Jessica Howe
History in the Making
This report hopes to answer the question, how and why one of the most powerful and long lasting Native American Confederacy collapsed during the Revolutionary War? This paper investigates how the economy, diplomatic disunification, and the deterioration of traditional religious beliefs through Christianity caused the Iroquois Confederacy to crumble. Although many others have attempted to answer this question, this research is different in that it relies heavily upon both historical and anthropological sources providing it with a unique interdisciplinary perspective. Furthermore, the specific context of this paper is also distinctive and is supported by primary and secondary sources. The narrow …
Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria
Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria
History in the Making
This essay compares and contrasts the racial theories of José Martí and José Vasconcelos. It analyzes the social conditions each experienced in their respective time period and location, as well as explaining how such exposures led to their racial understandings and political agendas. The study primarily reveals how nationalistic movements developed due to their influential ideologies, and how both intellectuals influenced other prominent Latin American figures. Lastly, it sheds light on the elements of Martí’s and Vasconcelos’ ideals that continue to survive.