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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Reproductive Justice And The Black Panther Party, Dakota Mancuso
Reproductive Justice And The Black Panther Party, Dakota Mancuso
History in the Making
Despite the multitude of research available on the Black Panther Party (BPP), the group’s widespread social activism programs and their positive effect on the health of communities, is generally understated. These programs, known by the party as “survival programs,” provided a plethora of services meant to increase the standards of living of underserved people, all at no cost. Such programs included a series of People’s Free Medical Clinics, Free Breakfast for Children programs, and several Liberation Schools, including the widely successful Oakland Community School. When looking at these programs within the context of reproductive justice, or the framework of study …
Mixing: A History Of Anti-Miscegenation Laws In The United States, Nyla Provost
Mixing: A History Of Anti-Miscegenation Laws In The United States, Nyla Provost
History in the Making
For over a century, many Americans believed that interracial marriage was unnatural. From the late 1860s through the late 1960s, the American legal system supported the belief that interracial marriages were illegitimate. In this paper, I examine how anti-miscegenation laws promoted and sustained white supremacy, socioeconomic position, and racial caste using antimiscegenation literature, legislation, and court cases. This study is significant because it examines the impact that anti-miscegenation laws had on the United States’ racial caste system and the American justice system.
Reproductive Abuse And The Sterilization Of Women Of Color, Bshara Alsheikh
Reproductive Abuse And The Sterilization Of Women Of Color, Bshara Alsheikh
History in the Making
Women of color have long suffered targeted and systematic racial discrimination and attempts to control their populations by the state. Well after eugenic rhetoric and policies’ prime in the 1930s and 1940s, and the Civil Rights movements of the mid-century, Chicana, Black, and Indigenous women continued to be victimized by state-sanctioned eugenic policy. This paper examines the way that eugenic rhetoric and policy evolved from the first sterilization laws in the nation passed in California that targeted criminality to later legislation and rhetoric that explicitly targeted racial minorities.
Film Review: Summer Of Soul (…Or, When The Revolution Could Not Be Televised), Cameron Smith
Film Review: Summer Of Soul (…Or, When The Revolution Could Not Be Televised), Cameron Smith
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: Passing, Cecelia Smith
Book Review: Boyle Heights: How A Los Angeles Neighborhood Became The Future Of American Democracy, Jose Castro
Book Review: Boyle Heights: How A Los Angeles Neighborhood Became The Future Of American Democracy, Jose Castro
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Reckoning With Slavery: Gender, Kinship, And Capitalism In The Early Black Atlantic, Brittany Mondragon
Book Review: Reckoning With Slavery: Gender, Kinship, And Capitalism In The Early Black Atlantic, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Bell Hooks (1952–2021), Cecelia Smith
Uprooted: Doorway Gardens And African Plant Cultivation In The Colonial Atlantic World, Brittany Mondragon
Uprooted: Doorway Gardens And African Plant Cultivation In The Colonial Atlantic World, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
Approximately twelve million enslaved African people were uprooted from their homes and sent to the New World to work as free forced labor on plantation fields. Meanwhile, African plants also made their own triangular voyage across the Atlantic as slave ship captains gathered provisions for the seafaring journey or Africans stowed away food as they embarked on an unknown and horrifying journey. While attention on the transatlantic trade nexus often focuses on food and cash crops traveling between Europe and the Americas, several different produce of African origins were transplanted in America and often found in enslaved people’s provision gardens. …
John Lewis, Cecilia Smith
Elder Of The Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, Marshall Mckay, Jenessa Howard
Elder Of The Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, Marshall Mckay, Jenessa Howard
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Mario Molina, Jose Castro
Lopez V. Seccombe: The City Of San Bernardino’S Mexican American Defense Committee And Its Role In Regional And National Desegregation, Mark Ocegueda
Lopez V. Seccombe: The City Of San Bernardino’S Mexican American Defense Committee And Its Role In Regional And National Desegregation, Mark Ocegueda
History in the Making
This article examines Lopez v. Seccombe, one of the earliest successful desegregation court cases in United States history. The legal challenge was decided in 1944 in the City of San Bernardino, California and desegregated city parks and recreational facilities, specifically the Perris Hill “plunge” or pool. The decision of this case set precedent for other local desegregation challenges, including the much more celebrated Mendez v. Westminster decision in 1947, and eventually had influence on the landmark Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. This study will focus on the Mexican American barrio in San Bernardino’s Westside, …
A Pilgrimage To Manzanar, Renee Barrera
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
History in the Making
This paper is not meant to be the traditional research paper. It is a brief look into the documents researchers find and analysis while researching on a topic. The documents provide a view into the people and policies of that time period. The two letters that will be analyzed later in this paper are examples of Indian boarding schools’ policies that had direct effect on the lives of the students and their families.1 In the turn of the twentieth century, Indian boarding schools were still operating on the premise of assimilation of the American Indian into the "white culture." Hopefully, …
To Protect And To Serve: Effects Of The Relationship Between The Brown Berets And Law Enforcement, Paul Flores
To Protect And To Serve: Effects Of The Relationship Between The Brown Berets And Law Enforcement, Paul Flores
History in the Making
During the late 1960s and into the early 1970s the Brown Berets were heavily involved in the Chicano Movement. They formed as a group of students with the goal of reforming the inequalities Hispanic people faced within the Los Angeles school system, though the greater circumstances quickly led the Brown Berets into the direction of being a militant organization with their focus shifting to police brutality and the Vietnam War. As a result of this shift they became an enemy of the local police and later the federal government. Thus, the Berets adopted the motto, “To Serve, Observe, and Protect,” …
Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith
Visiting Mission San Luis Rey And Remembering The California Native American System San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, Ca., Jonathan Smith
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
History in the Making
There is limited information on the life of the nineteenth century female slave with most details compiled from the narratives of well-known women such as Sojourner Truth. Professor Erlene Stetson and other historians argue that scholars treat slavery as a male phenomenon and the female is merely looked upon as a breeder, while noted African-American activist Angela Davis calls for a more accurate portrayal to debunk derogatory myths. This paper addresses the issue of image with the argument that the enslaved African-American woman possessed no image of her own. It focuses on the story of a runaway female slave named …
California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel
California And Unfree Labor: Assessing The Intent Of The 1850 “An Act For The Government And Protection Of Indians", Aaron Beitzel
History in the Making
Discussions of unfree labor systems in the United States have long been focused on history of institutionalized slavery on the East coast and plantation slavery in the American South. However, recent scholars have challenged the definitions of unfree labor systems based solely on the framework of American slavery in these areas. Forced Indian labor in the territory of Alta California between the late 18th and mid-nineteenth centuries has offered historians a major counter-example of institutionalized unfree labor within the United States. This paper focuses on explaining the social context under which the 1850 "An Act for the Government and Protection …
Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta
Shared Spaces, Separate Lives: Community Formation In The California Citrus Industry During The Great Depression, David Shanta
History in the Making
The California citrus industry was the engine for the economic and cultural development of twentieth century Southern California. Studies have also focused on citrus as specialty crop agriculture. Its labor usage pattern required the economic, social, and political powerlessness of its workers. Growers and workers shared the spaces of the citrus groves and packinghouses, but otherwise led largely separate lives, delineated by class and race. Community formation during the Great Depression is examined from each perspective – dominant Anglo grower society and workers of Mexican descent. Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism provides a …
Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal
Black Stand-Up Comedy Of The 1960s, Claudia Mariscal
History in the Making
Vast research can be found on African Americans’ culture and their use of humor to overcome struggles within American society. Much of the research found focuses on the study of African American humor in literature, folk tales, art, and theatre, but little has been done on the study of black stand-up comedy in the 1960s and comics’ use of humor to overcome and combat racism and social struggles during this decade. Different methods of approach are used to gain a broader understanding of the use of humor as a combative tool by black comics in the 1960s. The comedic performances …
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Kobe Bryant, Benjamin Shultz
Toni Morrison, Cindy Ortega
A War From Within: An Analysis Of The Factors That Caused The Collapse Of The Iroquois Confederacy, Jessica Howe
A War From Within: An Analysis Of The Factors That Caused The Collapse Of The Iroquois Confederacy, Jessica Howe
History in the Making
This report hopes to answer the question, how and why one of the most powerful and long lasting Native American Confederacy collapsed during the Revolutionary War? This paper investigates how the economy, diplomatic disunification, and the deterioration of traditional religious beliefs through Christianity caused the Iroquois Confederacy to crumble. Although many others have attempted to answer this question, this research is different in that it relies heavily upon both historical and anthropological sources providing it with a unique interdisciplinary perspective. Furthermore, the specific context of this paper is also distinctive and is supported by primary and secondary sources. The narrow …
Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria
Racial Theory: José Martí, José Vasconelos, And The Beliefs That Shaped Latin America, Jose Renteria
History in the Making
This essay compares and contrasts the racial theories of José Martí and José Vasconcelos. It analyzes the social conditions each experienced in their respective time period and location, as well as explaining how such exposures led to their racial understandings and political agendas. The study primarily reveals how nationalistic movements developed due to their influential ideologies, and how both intellectuals influenced other prominent Latin American figures. Lastly, it sheds light on the elements of Martí’s and Vasconcelos’ ideals that continue to survive.
Remembering Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga, James Martin, Kassandra Gutierrez, Nathanael Gonzalez
Remembering Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga, James Martin, Kassandra Gutierrez, Nathanael Gonzalez
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Racial Ambiguity In The Borderlands: New Mexico’S African American Soldiers, 1860-1922, Jacqulyne Anton
Racial Ambiguity In The Borderlands: New Mexico’S African American Soldiers, 1860-1922, Jacqulyne Anton
History in the Making
In the nineteenth century United States, African Americans faced severe forms of racism that manifested through institutions of slavery, segregation and discrimination. Antebellum and Civil War historians focus on African American resistance to white supremacy and oppression through various forms of resistance, some of which include violent revolts and the search for freedom in the North. With that being said, however, many historians seem to ignore the role of the US-Mexico borderlands in African Americans’ contestation of the racist laws of the American North and South. This article examines African Americans' experiences in the US-Mexico borderlands of New Mexico during …
Comanche Resistance Against Colonialism, Tyler Amoy
Comanche Resistance Against Colonialism, Tyler Amoy
History in the Making
Of all the indigenous tribes in North America, none stood stronger than the Comanche. This Great Plains tribe is considered to be one of the strongest and most warlike of the indigenous tribes and can even be compared to the Greek Spartans of old. This empire ruled for hundreds of years, overtaking and enveloping other tribes and nations in this area, however, this success would not last forever. In three steady waves, the invasions by Spain, Mexico, and the United States would crash upon this nation like a wave on the shoreline. Unlike many other native nations, the Comanche initially …
Music Is Power: Nueva Cancion’S Push For An Indigenous Identity, Jason Garcia
Music Is Power: Nueva Cancion’S Push For An Indigenous Identity, Jason Garcia
History in the Making
The emergence of Nueva Cancion musicians during 1960’s Chile, such as Victor Jara and Inti-Illimani, played an important role in propelling the left wing revolutionary movements that supported Salvador Allende’s presidential victory in 1970, making him the first democratically elected Socialist in the Western Hemisphere. Although there is much scholarly literature that deals with the social and political aspects of Nueva Cancion, historians have failed to recognize how indigeneity played a crucial role in the shaping the identity that Nueva Cancion musicians embodied through their music. With the power of music, Nueva Cancion became a militant song movement that represented …