Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Is Humanitarian Aid Neutral? The American Ambulance Field Service And The American Red Cross, Laura Neis

Madison Historical Review

The United States did not outwardly join WWI until April of 1917. However, in the nearly three years in which the U.S. was neutral, they provided medical support to the suffering. This act has been dismissed as humanitarian charity work, and therefore not breaking with neutrality agreements, but it was actually a hotly contested act of foreign policy, and different propaganda campaigns were used to change the minds of American citizens.

Two different groups of medical volunteers show how humanitarian aid shapes perspectives on war. The American Ambulance Field Service drove ambulances for the French army on the front line, …

Participants' Observations Of American Intervention In Siberia, 1918-1920, Daniel R. Smith

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

By early 1918, the United States was deeply involved in the international politics of Europe's Great War. As the country's attention turned to Europe, Charles Love Flake left his pregnant wife in Arizona to go to Fort McDowell in California for military training. On May 13, he wrote to his wife about the difficulties of boot camp, "If it takes this grind to stop the Huns, I'm the boy that can do it cheerfully."1 On 22 June 1919, Charles Love Flake died from wounds received in active duty. His death happened long after the November Armistice, when most fighting had …

America’S Mothers: How The Mobilized Women Of Berkeley Harnessed The Power Of Women To Support The Great War And Challenge The Government, Christy Gordon Baty

Graduate Review

This paper examines how middle-class and upper-class women of Berkeley, California harnessed their already-established roles as community organizers and leaders to support the United States Government and their efforts in World War I. These women used the imposed limitations of their role as domestic protector in order to change the scope of their sphere from private to public, and assert their political voice by highlighting their reciprocal relationship with the federal government. In their founding document, the Mobilized Women of Berkeley state that “All of the 151 women’s organizations of Berkeley are willing to give their sons, husbands and brothers …

Playscript Of Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story In Black And White, South Caroliniana Library

The South Caroliniana Library Report of Acquisitions

No abstract provided.

Chemical Warfare In Wwi: The Psychological Corrosion Of Soldiers Via Chemical Warfare And The 1925 Geneva Convention’S Involvement In Eradicating Future Gaseous Afflictions, Lakin Davis

West Virginia University Historical Review

The discourse surrounding mental health awareness has progressed throughout decades of research, stigma breaking, and connectedness; however, this trend of growth regarding mental illnesses was not as forgiving over a century ago, during and directly after the Great War. Natural elements of war alone caused tumultuous suffering for soldiers within the Triple Entente and the Central Powers. Yet, it was the man-made technologies of World War I that caused the deepest traumas, particularly the chemical variants created by Fritz Haber. By examining this history through a psychological lens, the British soldiers exposed to chemical warfare from Ypres to Verdun are …

The Impact Of French Algeria’S Participation During The First And Second World Wars On The Algerian Nationalist Movement, Reide Prunty

West Virginia University Historical Review

The colonial relationship between France and French Algeria reached its boiling point during the Algerian War of Independence in 1954 after more than a century of French imperial subjugation. Before this pivotal year, French Algeria was required to support France through two total and primarily European wars. While Algerians believed that such a sacrifice for their imperial mother nation was cause for equality under French law, France was committed to the continued oppression of its colony. This essay argues that French Algeria’s contribution to the French war effort during the First and Second World Wars served as a catalyst to …

Faith And Nationalism: How Christianity Shaped England During World War I, Taylor Kliss

Voces Novae

This paper examines the impacts of Christianity in England during World War I. More specifically, it goes into detail on the unique ways in which Christian rhetoric blended with nationalist propaganda to create a Christian nationalism that was pivotal in garnering support for the English war effort.

Coalition Warfare—Echoes From The Past, Michael Neiberg

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Danish Doughboys: Danish American Soldiers In The Us Army And Navy In World War I, Bjarne S. Bendtsen

The Bridge

In the park justbelow Marselisborg Castle in Aarhus-the Queen's preferred summer residence-stands the official Danish monument for Danes killed in World War I. It is a beautiful and solemn monument, placed in a scenic setting in the park that stretches from the small castle down to the Bay of Aarhus, with a view of Mols and Helgenaes in the distance. But wasn't Denmark neutral in that war, you may ask? Why, then, a monument for the fallen in a war that the country did not participate in? It is a rather complicated story, which this article outlines by showing the …

The Russian Revolution, Chang-Dae Hyun

Grand Valley Journal of History

The Russian Revolution was caused by the consequences of World War I: economic crises, and demotivated soldiers. In both cases, governments – the Romanov Dynasty and the Provisional Government that first seized power from the Tsar – were unable to resolve these problems. But these factors alone were not sufficient enough to cause the Russian Revolution, rather they should be understood as preconditions. What was also needed was a strong party – the Bolshevik Party – willing and able to capitalize on such preconditions. First, this paper will argue that economic crises such as food shortages, inflation, and poor working …

“None But The Brave Deserve The Fair?” An Analysis Of Lovers Postcards From The First World War, Randall Slonaker

Student Projects from the Archives

Over ten percent of postcards in the Lovers Portraits Vol. 1 binder feature couples where the man is wearing a military uniform, with twenty-two of these cards depicting men in World War I era, United States military garb. The images and captions featured on these cards evoke familiar ideas of romance, courtship, and marital fidelity. Therefore, I have chosen to write a short synopsis that groups all of the World War One themed cards in this binder in one of three categories: courtship and pursuit, domesticity and marriage, and marital commitment and fidelity. I have positioned the images and captions …

The United States In The Great War And The Alternate History Of The Twentieth Century, Matthew Anstatt

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The events of the twentieth century were undoubtedly some of the most significant in human history. Exponentially increasing levels of military technology combined with antiquated methods of peacekeeping and archaic systems of government in Europe meant that by the middle of the century the world would see international conflict on an unprecedented scale. This paper aims to examine the role of United States in these events and to question, with the benefit of hindsight, whether the path taken by the Wilson administration was the most prudent.

Thirty Two Days In The Argonne Offensive, Grover C. Maus

Adams County History

It is manifestly impossible for one man, without access to official records, to write anything like a comprehensive history of the great Meuse-Argonne conflict. So no attempt will be made to write a history, but simply to describe some events, experiences, feelings, and hardships from the standpoint of a personal observer in the hope that they will provide to be typical of the experiences of the average Adams County boy who book part in that battle. [excerpt]

Bringing To Life The Grandfather I Never Knew, Valerie J. Young

Adams County History

My grandfather, Chester Allen Bower, was born in New Oxford, Pennsylvania on August 30, 1894 and died near there in Hanover on December 30, 1939. He was my mother's father, and she was just 12 years old when he died. I never had the chance to meet him.

Chester served in the Great War in the U.S. Army's 79th Division, which took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive from September to November 1918. This Offensive was the largest military operation ever undertaken by the U.S. Army at that time and its success led, in part, to the end of the war. …

Echoes Of War: The Great War’S Impact On Literature, Samuel R. Williams

The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History

This paper examines the works produced by: Erich Maria Remarque, Ernest Hemingway, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien, specifically to show how their writings recorded and translated the experiences of soldiers during World War I, and their struggle to assimilate into civilian society afterward. By examining authors and novels from varying geographic and national background, common themes of bitterness, trauma, and disillusionment are found in men that fought on both sides of the conflict. Literature’s reflection of these scars appears in the lived experiences woven into the writings by the authors, and the reactions of the wider public that shared similar …

From The Collections Of The Maine Historical Society, Jamie Kingman Rice

Maine History

Discussion of the Maine Historical Society's pamphlet collection.

Editor's Note, Eileen Hagerman

Maine History

Overview of the contents of this issue of Maine History by its Editor.

From The Bsu Archives - Robert Pellissier (Bridgewater Normal ’03): Classmate, Educator, Soldier And Friend, Orson Kingsley

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Revolution And World War I Civil Rights?: Transnational Relations And Mexican Consul Records In Mexican American Educational History, 1910-1929, Victoria-María Macdonald, Gonzalo Guzmán

Education's Histories

MacDonald and Guzmán demonstrate how the Mexican residents in the United States lobbied the Mexican government and Mexican consulates in the U.S. to secure their children's access to schooling from 1910-1929.

Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines the potential implications of the combinations of robotics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems on the character and nature of war. The author employs Carl von Clausewitz’s trinity concept to discuss how autonomous weapons will impact the essential elements of war. The essay argues war’s essence, as politically directed violence fraught with friction, will remain its most enduring aspect, even if more intelligent machines are involved at every level.

The Black Press In Minnesota During World War I, Alejandra Galvan

Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato

April 2017 marks the 100^th anniversary of the United States entering World War I. Many enjoy learning about the battles, the military, and the Homefront. But there is a need for more scholarship to understand the role African Americans played in the war. From my research, many African Americans disagreed with US involvement. Why would a country agree to fight for democracy overseas when its citizens need freedom at home? Racism in the United States concerned African Americans deeply. At the same time, however, African Americans viewed World War I as a way to demonstrate their patriotism. Black citizens …

Reading Democracy And Education In The Context Of World War I, Thomas Fallace

Democracy and Education

In this historical study, the author offers a reading of Dewey’s Democracy and Education in the context of the two other books Dewey published the year before, German Philosophy and Politics and his coauthored Schools of To-morrow. Having published three books in two years, Democracy and Education arrived at the end of one of Dewey’s most prolific periods. Through these three texts, Dewey offered a pointed critique of authoritarian German politics, philosophy, and schooling and crafted an innovative pedagogy grounded in progressive democratic ideals as contrast. Using Germany as a clear and present foil, Dewey clarified his ideas on American …

Prospects For Peace: The View From Beijing, Jacqueline N. Deal

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

The Government’S Moral Crusade: America’S Campaign Against Venereal Diseases At Home During World War I, Zachary May

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

During World War I, the American Government with the help of non-profit organizations waged an internal and external campaign against venereal diseases. With the creation of the Committee of Training Camp Activities, the Federal Government identified venereal diseases as a threat to the war effort. Internally, the government restructured the atmosphere of training camps by offering intellectual and athletic activities that stimulate the mind rather than sexual desires. Externally, the government used its prestige and power to eliminate factors that caused venereal diseases, including prostitution and red-light districts. Although the internal and external reforms succeeded in restricting the potentiality of …

Gettysburg Historical Journal 2015

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Learning The Fighting Game: Black Americans And The First World War, S. Marianne Johnson

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The experience of African American veterans of the First World War is most often cast through the bloody lens of the Red Summer of 1919, when racial violence and lynchings reached record highs across the nation as black veterans returned from the global conflict to find Jim Crow justice firmly entrenched in a white supremacist nation. This narrative casts black veterans in a deeply ironic light, a lost generation even more cruelly mistreated than the larger mythological Lost Generation of the Great War. This narrative, however, badly abuses hindsight and clouds larger issues of black activism and organization during and …

World War I Volunteer Nursing, Megan L. Schmedake

The Purdue Historian

In spite of the hardships of World War I, women volunteered as nurses out of patriotism and because of their desire to fulfill their traditional roles as caregivers. Due to the thousands of women who volunteered as nurses throughout the war, the idea that war was primarily a male experience was challenged. Many women made a conscious effort to support the war, and they pushed for equality by seeking to share the same wartime experiences as men. Women experienced the gruesome conditions of war alongside men and learned the best surgical practices of the time by assisting doctors. Because of …

Adams County History 2014

Adams County History

No abstract provided.

Growing Up In The Trenches: Fritz Draper Hurd And The Great War, S. Marianne Johnson

Adams County History

On February 18, 1919, Second Lieutenant Fritz Draper Hurd supervised recreational activities for the men of the 103rd Field Artillery. The men breathed easy; they tossed a football and even engaged in a little gallows humor with a “gas mask race,” at last finding a use for the once fearsome yet no longer needed device. The Great War was over, and the men of the 103rd Field Artillery were content to lob footballs instead of shells as they awaited their discharge papers. [excerpt]

Drones: Legitimacy And Anti-Americanism, Greg Kennedy

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.