Arts and Humanities Commons^™

The Nine Who Changed Central, Trey Hart

History Class Publications

The Little Rock Central Crisis of 1957 was one that will be remembered forever. The crisis occurred when Little Rock Central High School integrated and became the first school in the south to do so. This event came with much controversy and did not go over well with the white community. Governor Orval Faubus was the leader of the state of Arkansas and did everything he could to try and prevent the integration of Central High. Central High School voluntarily wanted to integrate their school. There were nine students who would enter Central High School on September 23rd. Originally there …

The 8th Wonder Of The World: Deutsch Bier, Nathan Lowman

History Class Publications

The definition of beer is an alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.1 Today in modern culture beer has become a major part of our society. Beer has become an art form than to some type of liquid you drink to get drunk off of. People have become so infatuated with brewing that people develop their own beer or known as craft beers. Well during the medieval ages the substance known as beer became huge in monasteries. Beer culture was a prevalent thing in society back during the medieval …

Material Object Project: The Hagia Sophia, Jessica Saunders

History Class Publications

In 527, Justinian became ruler of the Byzantine Empire and left a legacy that still exists today. One remaining aspect of this legacy is the Hagia Sophia. The greatness of this structure lies not only in its grandeur, but also its representation of the Byzantine Empire and the value it placed on art and religion. The transformation that the building has undergone over the centuries represents the shifts in the Byzantine Empire both culturally and religiously. As a culture, Byzantium managed to align itself with Western Europe, while at the same time having strong enough ties with the East to …

The Madrid Skylitzes, David Willhite

History Class Publications

In the late 11th century, following the reign of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos, historian John Skylitzes recorded a history of the Byzantine Empire. This history, later to be called The Synopsis of Histories follows the Byzantine Empire from the year 811CE to 1057. Sometime in the two centuries to follow, the 250 year history was copied by scribes onto several manuscripts. Named after the current city it rests in, the Madrid Skylitzes is the only surviving manuscript of The Synopsis of Histories. Not only is the Madrid Skylitzes the only surviving manuscript of John Skylitzes’ work, it is also the …

The Declaration Of Arbroath, Cassie Young

History Class Publications

One of the most famous documents in Scottish history may very well be the Declaration of Arbroath. However, while the most famous portion, declaring that the Scots would “never on any conditions be brought under English rule” and that their fight was “for freedom alone”,¹ is certainly the most quoted, there is far more to this fascinating document than defiance of the English crown. In addition to the beautiful and stirring passages about the defense of freedom, it also includes other early ideas relevant to people even today, such as the idea that a leader is subject to his …

The Landisfarne Gospels, Abby Thomas

History Class Publications

The Lindisfarne Gospels is one of the best-preserved and most famous medieval illuminated manuscripts. It is known for its beautiful illustrations and intricate decorating that places it amongst the most praised and studied manuscript masterpieces of all time. Beyond this, though, it is famous for yet more reasons. First, the Gospel was written originally in Latin, but around a century later an Old English gloss was added, and this translation is the oldest known version of the gospels in English.¹ Also, the level and amount of documentation for the Gospels is almost staggering.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Citadel Rich In Historical Eloquence, Bridget Hosey

History Class Publications

The history of the middle ages is vast and expansive; it impacted Europe in countless ways. Although the many intricacies of this history cannot be compacted to just one region, there are certain areas of Europe that are especially representative of much of the middle ages. The reason most of these areas are such accurate representations is because they were so strategic to the events and occurrences of the medieval age. One such area of Europe that is especially representative of the history of the Middle Ages is a citadel known as Carcassonne in what is today southern France. This …

A Medieval Treasure: The Story Of A Hoard Of Chess Pieces, Lana Rose

History Class Publications

On an island that is still inhabited today, a hidden stash of chess pieces was discovered. The finding of these gaming pieces was by no means commonplace because there were several dozen pieces and they were all intricately carved. The chess pieces are rare because they were made completely out of solid walrus tusks and five were made from whale's teeth. The original story behind the chess pieces is not clearly obtained. There are different stories ranging from an escaping sailor hiding the chessmen to a travelling merchant leaving them behind. Without knowing who the original owner of the chess …

The 1970'S Counter-Culture Through The Lyrics Of Janis Joplin, Chelsey Hess

History Class Publications

Today’s music tends to have the main goal of entertaining instead of spreading a message; the music created, performed, and shared during the 1970s carried with it ideas and new ways of thinking. People could not only “jam” to the beats created by singers such as Jimmi Hendrix, The Beatles, and Janis Joplin, but they could also connect and identify with the words that they sang; Songs such as “Let It Be” by the Beatles is a prime example of this type of music. The 1970s brought a decade of national malaise in the United States, as well as a …

The Battle Of Pea Ridge, Robert Lewis

History Class Publications

The Battle of Pea Ridge was a Civil War battle that was fought in northwest Arkansas. The battle was the largest and most significant Civil War battle fought west of the Mississippi River. Despite the fact the battle involved a large number of forces on both sides, and the outcome of the battle greatly influenced which side controlled the states west of the Mississippi for the remainder of the Civil War the battle has been understudied by historians. There is a great story to be told regarding the Battle of Pea Ridge. The story is unique, because for many of …

World War Ii Films And Patriotism In America, Breanna Fehlman

History Class Publications

In American culture, one of the most effective ways to communicate is through the media. The newest films and television shows being released have a large impact on our country’s opinions. Therefore, the quickest way to reaffirm or change the public’s perspective of a particular topic is by making a film about it. There have been many popular films made about almost every important event in history, but perhaps the most prevalent topic in historical films is World War II. It is especially important to study these films because, as film critic Vincent Canby said, “How war movies are accepted …

The Book Of Roger, Brady Hibbs

History Class Publications

Tabula Rogeriana (Latin for “Book of Roger) is the name of a publication created by Arab cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154 under the guidance of King Roger II of Sicily. The book is recognized for its groundbreaking world map and its accompanying descriptions and information regarding the areas shown in the map. The world map is divided into 70 regional maps, with these divisions dictated by the seven climate zones (originally proposed by Ptolemy) al-Idrisi used for the map along with ten geographical sections (Glick, 2014). The book begins with the southwestern most section, which includes the Canary Islands, to …

Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Hannah Sweeden

History Class Publications

Few things in life can be considered to be truly beautiful. The superficial parts of life: a beautiful dress, a grand staircase, or even gorgeous fabrics for example, have no dispute in their beauty. But they are purely manmade. Then, there are those objects in life where their beauty seems to surpass all other words. As one looks out upon open seas and watches as lightening strikes the waters over and over again; there are no words to describe it. It is terrifying and yet leaves you in awe of the world around you. Looking at something like this, in …

Landisfarne Gospels, Tye Boudra-Bland

History Class Publications

The Lindisfarne Gospels are an illuminated manuscript, written between 680 and 720 by a monk working on the island of Lindisfarne, also known as Holy Island, which is off the northern coast of England.¹ An illuminated manuscript is a codex, or book, that is written by hand and is richly decorated with intricate designs and pictures and was the typical way that documents were copied. Until the invention of the printing press, manuscripts were the only way that books and records were documented and distributed. The complex and beautiful designs were often complimented by a jeweled or expensive cover …

The Bayeux Tapestry, Andrew Gatlin

History Class Publications

The Bayeux Tapestry is a massive, 70 meters by 20 cm (about 230 feet by 20 inches), piece of embroidered cloth that depicts a period of history in England from the events of King Edward’s reign to the period of the Norman Invasion and finally ending with the battle of Hastings and some of its after effects. The tapestry was commissioned by Odo the Bishop of Bayeux, the half-brother of William of Normandy (The Conqueror), but was produced in Brittan not Bayeux, France. The Tapestry itself is not in fact a tapestry at all as the embroidery which was used …

Modern Italy's Changing Language And Its Role In Nationalism, Abby Thomas

History Class Publications

Language makes a people. Or, at least, for centuries that has been seen as the case. European nationalists have consciously employed language as a tool and a means for creating a national identity for centuries. They believed that within a nation a common religion or common customs did not matter so much in defining them as a people as having a common language. While certainly flaws can be found with this definition, it does make some sense. How can people be said to belong to the same group if they cannot communicate with each other? Likewise, having a separate language …

Propaganda: World War 1 Usages, Garrett Evans

History Class Publications

Propaganda was used in many forms throughout World War One. It was used to promote men to sign up for the war, to have a negative impact on other countries, to get citizens to buy war bonds, and for families to save food supplies for the soldiers. Propaganda was not just used by the United States, but also by all the other countries, that played a role in the First War, to promote the war and what other countries were doing to them. Propaganda was also used by the government to promote what they wanted their citizens to see. Most …

Children At Auschwitz, Nicole Plott

History Class Publications

Auschwitz concentration camp was the largest camp established by the Nazis. The camp was in fact three main camps with different functions but with one main purpose: to force the prisoners to work. This well-known camp’s construction started in May of 1940 in Poland, which was annexed in 1939. Auschwitz would eventually be separated into three separate camps, Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II ( Auschwitz- Birkenua) and lastly Auschwitz III (Auschwitz- Monowitz).¹

Women At War, Lacy Hollingsworth

History Class Publications

American women contributed to the Great War in many ways. Women were nurses, volunteers, clerks; each of these jobs was helping women gain agency in their work and also helping their cry for suffrage. Some of American women’s greatest contributions were on the frontline of the war in Europe. The women who were on the frontline of the war were specifically nurses and more specifically they asked to be put on the frontlines of the war. The American Red Cross organization was the best organization that gave women opportunities to volunteer to serve the United States, but the United States …

From Sultanate To Republic, Kevin Jackson

History Class Publications

The Turkish Revolution exemplifies the rise of the nation-state and signified the complete destruction of the old order in the Middle East. The currents of thought and the political developments that rose to prominence in Turkey’s formation have had long-lasting implications. The entire once-Ottoman world has had to come to grips with nationalistic movements, democratization, and the relation between faith and state. The Young Turk movement provided a demonstration of what modern nationalism could accomplish, both in positive terms of inclusion and modernization and also in terms of ethnic and religious exclusion.

By the time World War I began in …

Women In World War Ii, Kaycee Giammarco

History Class Publications

Women changed the course of history after World War II. Before World War II, women had briefly helped their country during the Great War but had returned home following the war. After the stock market crash in 1929, many people struggled to provide for their families which led women to take jobs again. When American joined World War II after Pearl Harbor, the large influx of men joining the army led companies in a lurch for employees. American propaganda strongly encouraged women to do their patriotic duty and to leave the household, only temporarily, to help their country. Women in …

Fdr & The Public, Dylan Haney

History Class Publications

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a key player domestically, internationally, and diplomatically within the conflict of World War II. Not only was his leadership essential in carrying the United States through one of the most tumultuous times in its history, but also in working with other leaders across the globe during the war, ultimately securing victory and subsequently placing the United States as the major superpower in the world.

With regard to FDR it is important to consider that his international meetings and conferences, addresses at home, and overall handling of World War II as President of the United States …

The Confessing Church, David Willhite

History Class Publications

In the wake of the rise of Hitler’s National Socialist state a church struggle took over Germany. The “German Christians,” placed by Hitler, under the leadership of Ludwig Muller, fought to blend Christianity with nationalism and political oppression. Muller and the German Christians followed an ideology of Aryan superiority and taught that the Jewish people were sub- human. During the confusion throughout the Protestant church, theologians, pastors, and professors rose up based on their own theology to combat the German Christians. This movement was called the “Confessing Church” and at its peak consisted of about 3000 members. Though the German …

Wartime Love, Chelsey Hess

History Class Publications

“When the classic work on the history of women comes to be written, the biggest force for change in their lives will turn out to have been war. Curiously, war produces more dislocations in the lives of women who stay at home than of men who go off to fight”1. The Second World War was a total war. It had a total effect on manpower, industry, resources, and, even the lives of civilians. The United States did not fight on its own turf but the people, men and women alike, were affected by the wartime. Sixty percent of the men …

Art Of The Great War, Zack Deyoung

History Class Publications

World War One was a major turning point in the history of the world. War advancements had created a monster that no one was ready for. No longer was war seen as glorious, but instead horrifying. Often, the world sees the war from an outside perspective understanding that it was a great tragedy, but they do not understand it from a personal level. Many historians have tried to accomplish this through interviews with the survivors, writing biographies, excavating battle grounds, and various other methods. One method, which is often times overlooked, is viewing the war through the lens of the …

Ebbs And Flows In The Relationship Of Two Intriguing Men: Churchill And Stalin, Richard Burke

History Class Publications

Throughout World War II, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin were able to preserve a relatively strong private relationship even though their public relationship, through political and social perspectives, was strikingly dissimilar. The situations that these tremendously influential men went through together undoubtedly raised tension between the two, causing for a very up and down relationship. These men needed each other for the betterment of their respective countries and that factor may have forced them to exert more effort in making the relationship function no matter what.

Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was born to Lord Randolph Churchill and Lady Randolph Churchill on …

Naval Tactics And The Introduction Of The Aircraft Carrier, Jackson Carter

History Class Publications

For many, the story of World War 2 is a war that centers on Europe and the destruction of the Third Reich and Adolf Hitler. The European Theater included iconic moments and battles such as D-Day and the Battle of the Bulge. It also set the stage for another conflict only a few years after the V-E Day as the United States and West ostracized the Soviet Union and the East; this was evident in the German city of Berlin where the city split into halves based on who controlled the part of the city. Europe is also an international …

College Life During World War I, Grace Hevron

History Class Publications

World War I stands out in our nation’s history as a war that was fought with honor and with dignity. When we read literature or study the events that surrounded the First World War we are swept away to a time that is very different from our own. This time period of honorable warfare and black – and – white ideology is no longer here but we as Americans still have a lot in common with those that fought in World War I. A college education is still a necessary commodity in 2014 and college students today face the same …

Textbooks And Their Portrayal Of Japan In World War Ii, Harry Lah

History Class Publications

“Good morning class, now if you’ll turn in your books with me to page...” drones the voice of the teacher, it can be any teacher, teaching history in a typical high school. Those words dreaded by students of all ages and from all generations that attended schools within the public school system of their respective states. Many students dreaded these classes, but they were no doubt influenced by them. By sitting in these classes they were presented with both new information as well as reinforcement of old information about their state and country from their teacher, and perhaps more significantly, …

In A Different Light: The World Wars In The Experience Of Adlai Stevenson Turner, Lana Rose

History Class Publications

The events of World War I and World War II will always be remembered by people throughout the world. You didn't have to directly experience the wars to realize what a devastating impact they had on the history of mankind. The two world wars have continued to affect our world to this day. To explain why the wars affect us and how they do so would take many more pages than I have been given to write. What I can explain is the experience that one individual had in the war. This man's name was Adlai Stevenson Turner. Turner grew …