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Introduction: What Do We Mean By 'Transbordering Latin Americas', Clara Irazabal
Introduction: What Do We Mean By 'Transbordering Latin Americas', Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This book, Transbordering Latin Americas: Liminal Places, Cultures, and Powers (T)Here, explores transbordering/transnational Latin American sociocultural and spatial conditions across the globe and across scales—from the gendered and racialized body to the national and transnational arena. What do we mean by “transbordering Latin Americas”? When we use the plural Latin Americas, we purposefully implode the notion of a unified, cohesive, and static Latin America and a corresponding singular identity—a way of being or being perceived as Latin American. The phrase “transbordering Latin Americas” thus comprises instances of that which can be defined as “Latin American” (which is, in turn, open …
Desenho Urbano, Planejamento E Politicas De Desenvolvimento Em Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Desenho Urbano, Planejamento E Politicas De Desenvolvimento Em Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Durante as últimas décadas, Curitiba tem sido referenciada como uma “cidade modelo” ambientalmente sustentável e um notável exemplo tanto de um processo de planejamento urbano bemsucedido como de uma ampla coleção de projetos de desenho urbano atraentes, inovadores, funcionais, econômicos e replicáveis. Este capítulo examina projetos de desenvolvimento urbano em Curitiba desde os anos 1960 e apresenta várias razões pelas quais a cidade merece louvor: o competente e contínuo processo de planejamento garantiu a eficiência do transporte público, a preservação histórica e cultural, a revitalização do Centro e a prioridade à circulação de pedestres, programas ambientais eficazes e uma série …
Desenho Urbano, Planejamento E Politicas De Desenvolvimento Em Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Desenho Urbano, Planejamento E Politicas De Desenvolvimento Em Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Durante as últimas décadas, Curitiba tem sido referenciada como uma “cidade modelo” ambientalmente sustentável e um notável exemplo tanto de um processo de planejamento urbano bemsucedido como de uma ampla coleção de projetos de desenho urbano atraentes, inovadores, funcionais, econômicos e replicáveis. Este capítulo examina projetos de desenvolvimento urbano em Curitiba desde os anos 1960 e apresenta várias razões pelas quais a cidade merece louvor: o competente e contínuo processo de planejamento garantiu a eficiência do transporte público, a preservação histórica e cultural, a revitalização do Centro e a prioridade à circulação de pedestres, programas ambientais eficazes e uma série …
Indigenous Women And Violence In Colombia Agency, Autonomy, And Territoriality, Clara Irazabal, Marcela Tovar-Restrepo
Indigenous Women And Violence In Colombia Agency, Autonomy, And Territoriality, Clara Irazabal, Marcela Tovar-Restrepo
Clara Irazabal
The violence and de/reterritorializing strategies used by armed groups in Colombia disproportionally affect indigenous peoples, especially indigenous women, whose ethno-gender roles, forms of territoriality, agency, and autonomy are being altered. Conflict and new forms of territoriality restrict the satisfaction of ethno-gender-based material needs and interests, with negative impacts on women’s own and their families’ lives. At the same time, they offer some women new roles, agency, and autonomy and empowerment through individual and collective action. Policy makers should strive to open up these windows of opportunity for indigenous women while protecting them from the depredations of war.
Studio Report: Porto Maravilha: Planning For Inclusive Communities In Rio De Janeiro's Port Area, Clara Irazabal, Alejandro De Castro-Mazarro, Claudia P. Huerta, Rosemary R. Bolich, Millay Kogan, Max B. Podemski, Daleen Saah, Jordan Harrison Salinger, Sarah Welton, May Yu
Studio Report: Porto Maravilha: Planning For Inclusive Communities In Rio De Janeiro's Port Area, Clara Irazabal, Alejandro De Castro-Mazarro, Claudia P. Huerta, Rosemary R. Bolich, Millay Kogan, Max B. Podemski, Daleen Saah, Jordan Harrison Salinger, Sarah Welton, May Yu
Clara Irazabal
The Porto Maravilha Studio represents the work of seven Masters in Urban Planning students from Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation with the guidance of their instructors. In Spring 2012, the studio worked in collaboration with the Municipal Secretary of Housing of Rio de Janeiro (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação, or SMH) to analyze opportunities for incorporating affordable and inclusionary housing in the urban redevelopment plans of Rio de Janeiro’s historic port area. Rio will host a number of mega-events in the next five years, including the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics Games, and is …
Review Of Taming The Disorderly City: The Spatial Landscape Of Johannesburg After Apartheid, By Martin J. Murray, Clara Irazabal
Review Of Taming The Disorderly City: The Spatial Landscape Of Johannesburg After Apartheid, By Martin J. Murray, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Murray has produced a mesmerizing account of Johannesburg as an iconic neoliberal city of despicable inequality and polarization. According to his portrayal, the blatantly racist spatial regime of apartheid Johannesburg has given way, in the post-apartheid era, to a classist spatial war against the poor.
Reflections On The Venezuelan Transition From A Capitalist Representative To A Socialist Participatory Democracy: What Are Planners To Do?, Clara Irazabal
Reflections On The Venezuelan Transition From A Capitalist Representative To A Socialist Participatory Democracy: What Are Planners To Do?, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Venezuela is experiencing a transitional political process in which the government and the majority of Venezuelans want to move from a capitalist representative democracy to a more socialist participatory democracy. This transition is enmeshed in complexities, contradictions, and political opposition. Reflection on the experience of accompanying neighborhood groups in local decision making in Caracas from 2002 to 2006 suggests that planning practitioners and scholars can be allies in the grassroots processes of empowerment and self-determination of local communities and advocates and active agents in the "trickling-up" of greater planning participation to upper levels of government.
Transnational Meanings Of La Virgen De Guadalupe: Religiosity, Space And Culture At Plaza Mexico, Clara Irazabal, Macarena Gomez-Barris
Transnational Meanings Of La Virgen De Guadalupe: Religiosity, Space And Culture At Plaza Mexico, Clara Irazabal, Macarena Gomez-Barris
Clara Irazabal
In this paper, we examine Plaza Mexico in Lynwood, California, a magnet for Latino communities from throughout the greater Los Angeles region, to show immigrants' use of space to produce transnational communities as coherent. One of the key ways that immigrant identity is formed in this space is through cultural religiosity. Despite the fact that Plaza Mexico is a shopping mall, the place gathers participation from Mexican immigrants and Latinos of other national origins at key times of religious expression during the year. Following what Holloway calls 'enchanted space', we analyse the Day of the Dead celebration (2 November) and …
Urban Design, Planning, And The Politics Of Development In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Urban Design, Planning, And The Politics Of Development In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Over the past several decades, Curitiba, Brazil has been referred to as an environmentally sustainable ¨model city¨and as a remarkable example of both a succesful urban planning process and a large array of urban design projects that are attractive, innovative, functional, cost'effective, and replicable. This chapter examines urban design and planning projects and processes in Curitiba since the 1960s, and shows many reasons why the city deserves praiseÑ an effective and continuous planning process has guaranteed efficiency in public transit, historic andcultural preservation, a revitalized and pedestrian'friendly downtown, effective environmental programs, and a series of urban design and architectural catalyst …
One Size Does Not Fit All: Land Markets And Property Rights For The Construction Of The Just City, Clara Irazabal
One Size Does Not Fit All: Land Markets And Property Rights For The Construction Of The Just City, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This essay reflects on alternative urban markets and property right systems in some Latin American countries. What becomes clear is that one size does not fit all: land markets and property rights are multifaceted and their conception and implementation should be context-sensitive. In recent experiments and proposals in Brazil, El Salvador and Venezuela, among other countries, they are being used as instruments for the expansion of rights to the city and the construction of the just city.
Planificación Y Diseño Urbano Y Regional En Curitiba: El Último Medio Siglo, Clara Irazabal
Planificación Y Diseño Urbano Y Regional En Curitiba: El Último Medio Siglo, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
A comienzos de la década de los 50, las ciudades de Brasil comenzaron un rápido proceso de urbanización. Curitiba comenzó su proceso de crecimiento en el decenio de los 60, y rápidamente alcanzó la mayor tasa de crecimiento en el país, en promedio 5% anual. Este índice de crecimiento, el cual se repitió en otras ciudades de Brasil y alrededor del mundo, causó numerosos problemas urbanos que llevaron a estado de crisis a muchas metrópolis. Dada la inminente necesidad de manejar este crecimiento, en 1965, se desarrolló un plan urbano preliminar para Curitiba: el Plan Maestro-Plano Diretor-aprobado en 1966, basado …
New Urbanism As A New Modernist Movement: A Comparative Look At Modernism And New Urbanism, Clara Irazabal
New Urbanism As A New Modernist Movement: A Comparative Look At Modernism And New Urbanism, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This article situates New Urbanism, and neotraditionalism more generally, on the ideological continuum of Modernism — as a neo-Modernist movement. By comparing the social and environmental goals of Modernism and New Urbanism as laid out in their respective charters and questioning the ability of New Urbanism to achieve its goals where Modernism failed, it offers a contextual analysis of the motivations behind the movements and their implications in practice. It then presents the cities of Brasilia, in Brazil, and Celebration, in the United States, as examples of the difficulty of putting the altruistic rhetoric of Modernism and New Urbanism, respectively, …
Constitutional Reforms In Venezuela Foretell A Planning Revolution, Clara Irazabal
Constitutional Reforms In Venezuela Foretell A Planning Revolution, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
The National Assembly of Venezuela is discussing a proposal by President Hugo Chávez to change thirty-three of the 350 articles of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The proposed changes would create new forms of land tenure and restructure the nation’s governance system, both of which are essential to urban planning. The changes attempt to address the obstacles posed by a corrupt and ineffective bureaucracy created largely as a result of the huge surplus from Venezuela’s petroleum- dependent economy. The bureaucracy has often paralyzed and sabotaged the revolutionary process. The Venezuelan Bolivarian Revolution has often been criticized for …
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Clara Irazabal
This paper examines the evolution and recent trends in the design of Entertainment Retail Centres (ERCs) in Los Angeles and Hong Kong. Most of the literature on spaces of consumption and leisure deals with economic reasons for the development of these spaces, and with the social, cultural, and political implications of the phenomenon. There are limitations to this approach that this study addresses. First, there has been a lack of attention to processes of globalization in the analysis of these spaces. Furthermore, a largely US-centred approach has left out an understanding of the significance of the ERC phenomenon in other …
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Gated communities and edge cities are new forms of space production and consumption that promote changes in the character of public space and citizens' participation in public life. This study unveils the phenomena of their creation as a paradoxical attempt to return to community. Curitiba's examples of gated communities and edge cities show that, despite being internationally showcased as a model of good planning and urban design, this metropolis has not been immune to the global capital pressures and urban design tendencies occurring in many urban areas throughout the world, thus signalling both the currency and trans-nationality of these issues.
Models Of Urban Governance And Planning In Latin America And The United States: Associationism, Regime Theory, And Communicative Action, Clara Irazabal
Models Of Urban Governance And Planning In Latin America And The United States: Associationism, Regime Theory, And Communicative Action, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
In many American and Latin American cities alike, urban governance and planning are either in urgent need of reform or are currently undergoing haphazard reform. In many cases, innovative attempts to implement reforms have failed because the inability of cities to develop their 'civic capacity' -- the capacity to build and maintain broad social and political multi-sectoral coalitions in pursuit of common goals. This article argues that these significant points of convergence are productive building blocks for the construction of more generalizable models of urban governance and planning in democratic cities in the Americas and beyond. It situates coalition and …
What Politics Is This Place? (Post)Glocal Politics In Latin America's Public Spaces, Clara Irazabal
What Politics Is This Place? (Post)Glocal Politics In Latin America's Public Spaces, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
The IASTE 2004 conference proposes that "postglobal is not an end to globalization but the emergence of a different kind of engagement that is sharply at odds with the visions of liberal, multicultural globalization. Here, both religious fundamentalism and imperial hegemony begin to emerge as the new forms of." Yet, there are other types of (post)globalizations (Sklair, 2002). And at least one such alternative form of global engagement is that which (desperately) holds on to the visions of a liberal, multicultural globalization in the politics of nation building, particularly as enacted in urban spaces. Focusing on this form, this paper …
Ultrapassando O Debate Entre Convergência E Divergência Urbanas: A Arquitetura E O Urbanismo Em Um Contexto Global, Clara Irazabal
Ultrapassando O Debate Entre Convergência E Divergência Urbanas: A Arquitetura E O Urbanismo Em Um Contexto Global, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Alguns pesquisadores argumentam que as cidades do Terceiro e do Primeiro Mundo estão se tornando cada vez mais semelhantes. Outros discordam dessa teoria da convergência, alegando que tais similaridades são apenas superficiais. O presente trabalho sustenta que as discrepâncias entre as duas teorias são mais aparentes que reais e propõe que se aborde a convergência mais no âmbito das soluções do que no âmbito dos problemas, chamando a atenção para o papel da participação cidadã e da governança urbana em bem-sucedidas experiências em cidades tanto do Terceiro Mundo como do Primeiro Mundo. O texto também reflete sobre a arquitetura e …
Behind The Scenes In Wonderland: Re-Assessing Curitiba's Planning Model, Clara Irazabal
Behind The Scenes In Wonderland: Re-Assessing Curitiba's Planning Model, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Curitiba, Brazil, a metropolis of 2.4 million inhabitants in the southern state of Parana, has demonstrated a rapid improvement in urban quality over the last thirty-five years. The city has drawn worldwide recognition for its achievements and today is regarded by many as a model of urban planning and management. Yet, while some of Curitiba's successful strategies have received well-deserved attention, this ecological "wonderland" still faces some major challenges. A critical reassessment of the city is due, specificallY with regard to the characteristics of the planning model it offers and the role that citizens have played as this model has …
Architecture And The Production Of Postcard Images: Tradition Vs. Critical Regionalism In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Architecture And The Production Of Postcard Images: Tradition Vs. Critical Regionalism In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
In Curitiba, Brazil, the building of architectural monuments that make use of a direct vocabulary of tradition has been one of the major means to construct the city image in the last two decades. The government of Curitiba has plagued the city with foreign-styled landmarks mostly based on selective samples of European traditions. Such attempts strive to construct a city image that creates a sense that Curitiba has a heritage connected with the European established traditions. Examples of those ethnic landmarks are the Polonaise Memorial, and the German, Italian and Portuguese parks. Such monuments depict a cosmopolitan, international city, freed …