Architecture Commons^™

Integrating Subtropical Design In Transit Oriented Developments Of South East Queensland, Australia, Daniel O'Hare, Bhishna Bajracharya

Daniel O'Hare

The objective of the paper is to stimulate the dialogue on subtropical design of transit oriented development in SEQ through conversations with six leading urban designers and planners in Queensland. The paper summarises the discussions with key informants on four key aspects; (1) key elements of subtropical TODs; ( 2) good examples of subtropical design in Brisbane and SEQ; (3) challenges to developing subtropical TOD; and (4) ideas/strategies for developing subtropical TODs. Through a critical analysis of the emerging literature on subtropical design and continual dialogue with a cross section of planning and design professionals as well as the development …

Building A Sustainable University Campus: A Case Study Of Bond University, Bhishna Bajracharya, Linda Too

Bhishna Bajracharya

Given the increasing evidence of an ailing earth, many would today agree and accept that there is a need to move towards a more sustainable form of development. While change has been inclined towards a top-down approach, it is equally important to work bottom-up, i.e., through communities, whose support underpins sustainability policies. The focus of this paper is on sustainability within universities. Through a review of current sustainability practices of universities in the US, UK and Australia, this paper has identified ten principles for developing a sustainable campus. These principles are then used as a framework for analysing the sustainable …

Building A Sustainable University Campus: A Case Study Of Bond University, Bhishna Bajracharya, Linda Too

Linda Too

Given the increasing evidence of an ailing earth, many would today agree and accept that there is a need to move towards a more sustainable form of development. While change has been inclined towards a top-down approach, it is equally important to work bottom-up, i.e., through communities, whose support underpins sustainability policies. The focus of this paper is on sustainability within universities. Through a review of current sustainability practices of universities in the US, UK and Australia, this paper has identified ten principles for developing a sustainable campus. These principles are then used as a framework for analysing the sustainable …

Investigating The Link Between Gun Possession And Gun Assault, Charles C. Branas, Therese S. Richmond, Dennis P. Culhane, Thomas R. Ten Have, Douglas J. Wiebe

Dennis P. Culhane

Objectives. We investigated the possible relationship between being shot in an assault and possession of a gun at the time.

Methods. We enrolled 677 case participants that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based control participants within Philadelphia from 2003 to 2006. We adjusted odds ratios for confounding variables.

Results. After adjustment, individuals in possession of a gun were 4.46 (P<.05) times more likely to be shot in an assault than those not in possession. Among gun assaults where the victim had at least some chance to resist, this adjusted

odds ratio increased to 5.45 (P<.05).

Conclusions. On average, guns did not protect those who possessed them from being shot in an assault. Although successful defensive gun uses occur each year, the probability of success may be …

Developing Knowledge Precincts In Regional Towns: Opportunities And Challenges, Bhishna Bajracharya, Linda Too, Joan Imukuka, Greg Hearn

Linda Too

While extensive literature exists on creative cities and knowledge-based urban development focusing on large metropolitan cities, there is a paucity of literature looking into similar developments in small regional towns. The major aim of the paper is to examine the nature and potential for building knowledge-based urban development and creative precincts in regional towns. The paper will review national and international literature on creative/knowledge precincts in small towns to examine their key ideas and principles. The paper will also report on a case study of a small town of Cooroy in Noosa, Australia. The Cooroy Lower Mill Site and its …

An Analysis Of Walkability In A Late 20th Century Masterplanned Suburb On Australia’S Gold Coast, Nigel Cartlidge, Daniel O'Hare

Daniel O'Hare

Extract:

This paper presents some of the findings of a case study carried out on the suburb of Robina Woods in the Gold Coast City, Queensland, Australia. The study examined the barriers to pedestrian connectivity that were built into the design of the town to meet a market urbanist and car focused development ethic. Car focused design produces an urban form that causes unnecessary pollution, CO2 emissions, and fuel consumption. It also contributes to lower economic, environmental, health and social outcomes for residents associated with sprawl development (Corti et al., 2008; Ewing & Kreutzer, 2006; Frumkin H, Frank L, & …

Developing Knowledge Precincts In Regional Towns: Opportunities And Challenges, Bhishna Bajracharya, Linda Too, Joan Imukuka, Greg Hearn

Bhishna Bajracharya

While extensive literature exists on creative cities and knowledge-based urban development focusing on large metropolitan cities, there is a paucity of literature looking into similar developments in small regional towns. The major aim of the paper is to examine the nature and potential for building knowledge-based urban development and creative precincts in regional towns. The paper will review national and international literature on creative/knowledge precincts in small towns to examine their key ideas and principles. The paper will also report on a case study of a small town of Cooroy in Noosa, Australia. The Cooroy Lower Mill Site and its …

Comparativo Histórico Del Sicariato En América Latina, Jaime F. Erazo Espinosa Arq., Lorena Florez H.

Jaime Erazo

El ‘comparativo’ presentado en la sección del mismo nombre de URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana, pretende abrir un debate en donde se devela no solo el dónde y el cómo del fenómeno del sicariato, sino el por qué, el cuándo y el cómo responde la sociedad a este hecho social, que no es nunca la actuación individual de cada sicario al judicializarlo. En el ‘comparativo’ se destaca la evolución de las siguientes temáticas: • Cárteles del narcotráfico y grupos de sicarios en México, Colombia, Perú, Argentina, Bolivia y Brasil, • Registro de homicidios en América Latina en las décadas …

Partnerships For Community Building And Governance In Master Planned Communities: A Study Of Varsity Lakes At Gold Coast, Bhishna Bajracharya, George Earl, Shahed Khan

Bhishna Bajracharya

The development and management of master planned communities (MPCs) involve achieving the twin goals of building a sense of community and creating a distinctive place identity. The roles of private, public and community sectors in realising these goals of MPCs have been evolving over time with the increasing role of developers in provision of services with the local government playing a regulatory/facilitative role and community calling for greater engagement and local control. The major objective of the paper is to critically examine the nature and outcomes of collaboration between developers, local/state governments and existing/emerging community groups in the development of …

Infrastructure Asset Management (Iam): Evolution And Evaluation, Eric Too, Linda Tay

Linda Too

Despite its rapid development in the last decade, infrastructure asset management today suffers from an identity crisis as the definition and scope of infrastructure asset management remains a contentious issue. The purpose of this paper is to trace the evolution of infrastructure asset management and evaluate the current practices. In the process, a framework defining the scope of infrastructure asset management is proposed. Notwithstanding the systematic approach that many organisations adopt to manage their infrastructure assets, this paper argues for the need to adopt a more integrated and strategic perspective in the light of the dynamic contemporary operating environment.

Critical Foundations: Providing Australia’S 21st Century Infrastructure, Michael Regan

Michael Regan

Extract:

Infrastructure is undoubtedly the least understood of the major asset classes in Australia. A tradition of public ownership and operation, its status as a public good and a lack of information about its investment characteristics in both public and private hands has contributed to limited recognition of its role in national and regional economies. However, this situation is changing. A coincidence of political, economic and financial events in the lead up to the worldwide economic recession of the late 1980s and Australia's microeconomic reforms of the 1990s b[r]ought into sharper focus the central role that infrastructure plays in both …

Missing The Gold Coast Train? The Interaction Between Private Development And Three Levels Of Government Planning In Attempting To Co-Locate A New Railway Station And A Major New Town Centre, Daniel O'Hare

Daniel O'Hare

Queensland’s Gold Coast was established as a collection of coastal tourist resorts by the late 19th century. Private development was stimulated in the conventional way, by State government provision of public transport. The main resort areas flourished due to easy public access via two railway lines from the State capital Brisbane. During the 20th century a much larger network of Gold Coast holiday resorts and retirement suburbs was created due to the greater mobility allowed by increasing car ownership. By the 1960s, the original Gold Coast railway lines were removed, with their corridors eventually being redeveloped for a mix of …

Violencia Y Medios De Comunicación: Populismo Mediático, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La relación entre medios de comunicación y violencia (objetiva y subjetiva) tiene fundamental importancia, sea porque el sentido común le asigna un peso mayor al que en realidad tiene o porque es una relación todavía porosa en que las mutuas interacciones todavía no han sido aclaradas.

Se cree que el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad e, incluso, de la propia violencia tiene una relación directa con la función de los medios de comunicación. Existe una demanda de la audiencia para informarse respecto del tema, tan es así que se observa el crecimiento de la cobertura noticiosa y de los …

Megatendencia Global: La Violencia, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

A mediados de la década de los años ochenta se percibe el fenómeno de la generalización, crecimiento y diversificación de la violencia; produciendo significativos impactos en la sociedad mundial, y configurándose lo que podría considerarse como una mega tendencia global. La violencia se hace ubicua y elusiva, por que crece y se multiplica a escala internacional, convirtiéndose en el problema más importante de este inicio del Siglo XXI.

De esta manera la violencia se convierte en un tema particularmente importante a nivel mundial, tanto por las demandas que hace la población como porque deja de ser un asunto marginal, debido …

Have No Little Perspectives: A Bird’S Eye View On Daniel H. Burnham’S Value Leadership, Marco Tavanti

Marco Tavanti

Daniel H. Burnham provided the connection between Chicago and Manila by working on both the Plan of Chicago and the Plan of Manila. His original works reflect values for social inclusion drawn from his value-based leadership. This presentation highlights these leadership characteristics and 'translate' them into contemporary challenges for urban poverty reduction.

Los Bicentenarios: Un Proceso, Dos Caras, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Los Bicentenarios libertarios no pueden entenderse por fuera de su antítesis: la conquista y colonización, porque son dos caras de una misma moneda. El año de 1534 marca el inicio del proceso de colonización del territorio hoy llamado América y el de 1809 inicia su condición inversa: la descolonización.

Esto significa que los dos hechos deben analizarse de manera conjunta, tanto por los procesos históricos ocurridos como por las respectivas conmemoraciones. Una primera situación tiene que ver con la pregunta de si lo que se inició en 1809 fue un acto libertario o no. Más aún, si tenemos en cuenta …

Reinventing Airspace: Spectatorship, Fluidity, Intimacy At Pek T3., Alberto Pepe

Alberto Pepe

In this article, I explore the contemporary practice of air travel conceptualizing airports as socio-technical mobilities. Drawing both from the notion of “space” posited by Michel de Certeau and that of “non-place” by Marc Augé, I argue that the supermodern nature of air travel has generated forms of crisis that have embedded themselves in the architecture and the modus operandi of contemporary airports. Airports are necessarily located in a physical and tangible sense, yet their function is so tightly coupled with transience, mobility and spectatorship, that they bring anthropological accounts of “place” to unprecedented extremes. In this article, I analyze …

Using Adult Linkages Project Data For Determining Patterns And Costs Of Services Use By General Relief Recipients In Los Angeles County, Stephen Metraux, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

This study examines services use and related costs for two cohorts of General Relief (GR) recipients in Los Angeles County. The study is made possible by the creation of the Adult Linkages Project (ALP), a data warehouse containing data on the GR recipients that spans eight Los Angeles County departments. This integration of data sources and County departments enables a unique window into the comprehensive use of County services by GR recipients, and allows for the exploration of hidden costs that GR recipients incur to Los Angeles County. The identification of such services use patterns forms the basis for service …

Health And Social Characteristics Of Homeless Adults In Manhattan Who Were Chronically Or Not Chronically Unsheltered, Aaron J. Levitt, Dennis P. Culhane, Joe Degenova, Patrick O'Quinn, Jay Bainbridge

Dennis P. Culhane

Objective: This study compared health and social characteristics of two groups of homeless adults in Manhattan—those who were chronically unsheltered and those who were not. Methods: Outreach workers conducted brief, structured interviews with 1,093 unsheltered homeless adults. Respondents were later categorized as being chronically unsheltered on the basis of New York City criteria (sleeping without shelter at least nine of the previous 24 months). Results: The sample had high rates of substance abuse (65%), serious medical issues (42%), and repeated trauma (51%) and low rates of medical insurance (47%) and income entitlements (26%) entitlements. Sixty-seven percent were chronically unsheltered, and …

The 2008 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report To Congress, Dennis P. Culhane, Jill Khadduri, Alvaro Cortes, Larry Buron

Dennis P. Culhane

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is pleased to present the 2008 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR), the fourth in a series of reports on homelessness in the United States. The reports respond to a series of Congressional directives calling for the collection and analysis of data on homelessness. The 2008 AHAR breaks new ground by being the first report to provide year-to-year trend information on homelessness in the United States. The report provides the latest counts of homelessness nationwide—including counts of individuals, persons in families, and special population groups such as veterans and chronically homeless people. …

The Second Life Of Urban Planning? Using Neogeography Tools For Community Engagement, Marcus Foth, Bhishna Bajracharya, Ross Brown, Greg Hearn

Bhishna Bajracharya

The majority of the world's citizens now live in cities. Although urban planning can thus be thought of as a field with significant ramifications on the human condition, many practitioners feel that it has reached the crossroads in thought leadership between traditional practice and a new, more participatory and open approach. Conventional ways to engage people in participatory planning exercises are limited in reach and scope. At the same time, socio-cultural trends and technology innovation offer opportunities to re-think the status quo in urban planning. NeoGeography introduces tools and services that allow non-geographers to use advanced geographical information systems. Similarly, …

Las Grandes Movilizaciones De Hoy, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Hasta no hace mucho tiempo las movilizaciones masivas de la población estuvieron vinculadas a las reivindicaciones propias de la producción, como la propiedad de la tierra, impulsados por los movimientos campesinos o como los ingresos y la estabilidad laboral, demandados por los obreros. También, no hace mucho tiempo, por los problemas ecológicos del planeta que llevaron al desarrollo de los movimientos ecologistas. Hoy la situación parece ser diferente. Las grandes movilizaciones tienden a ser globales y en ámbitos muy poco pensados. Ahí tenemos, a mi manera de ver, al menos las tres siguientes formas específicas:

Primero, las que tienen que …

Comparativo Histórico De La Seguridad Ciudadana Y La Violencia Urbana, Jaime F. Erazo Espinosa Arq., Lorena Flores H. Soc.

Jaime Erazo

El ‘comparativo’ presentado en la sección del mismo nombre de URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana, se propone contribuir al desarrollo de una perspectiva histórica en los estudios sociales sobre la seguridad ciudadana en América Latina. Eso supone no sólo abrir varios espacios históricos para discutir problemáticas relacionadas con distintos momentos sino para reflexionar sobre el papel de la historia en el desarrollo de los estudios sobre seguridad ciudadana, en los siglos XIX, XX e inicios del XXI. En el ‘comparativo’ se destaca la evolución de las siguientes temáticas: • El Código Penal y la supresión de la pena de …

El Robo De Vehículos: ¡Un Negocio Que Prende Motor!, Fernando Carrión Mena, Ximena Tocornal

Fernando Carrión Mena

El robo de vehículos es uno de los delitos que tiene mayor connotación social debido –entre otras- a las siguientes razones: al alto nivel de ocurrencia (tasas relativas y absolutas importantes), al significativo valor que la clase media le asigna, a la funcionalidad que tienen para la vida cotidiana de un amplio sector de la población y a que el transporte privado ha terminado por imponerse en nuestras ciudades, incrementando de manera importante la relación automóvil por persona.

No hay que olvidar que el sueño del éxito social y económico de las clases medias está asociado a la propiedad del …

Public Transit: Myth And Reality, Michael E. Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Rebuts myth that public transit is inherently unpopular by pointing out that where development is compact and streets are walkable, transit ridership tends to be higher.

La Centralidad Histórica: Entre El Nacionalismo Del Pasado (Monumento) Y El Sentido Social De Hoy (Centro Vivo), Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Los centros históricos aparecen en la Historia –como objeto de análisis y de intervención– con el símbolo de su propia crisis o destrucción, hecho que ocurre cuando empiezan a perder las funciones centrales que le dan su cualidad (Carrión, 2002). El anverso de esta situación será el sentido de la disyuntiva, entre conservación o renovación, que se instala desde el principio; esto es, conservar lo que se puede perder o adecuar la situación al nuevo contexto urbano.

Este hecho se produce en una coyuntura de transformación del patrón de urbanización, que lleva a una expansión urbana, centrífuga y moderna, y …

Keep It Local, Michael E. Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Criticizes state-imposed limits on local taxation on the ground that state governments have no legitimate interest in setting local tax rates.

Construyendo Bicentanarios, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Presentación desarrollada en el marco de la conferencia internacional "Construyendo Bicentenarios en Latinoamérica en la época de la globalización", organizada por el Observatorio Latinoamericano del New School de Nueva York el 26 y 27 de febrero de 2009

Armas De La Percepción, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El Gobierno Nacional estableció un Plan Nacional de Seguridad Ciudadana al que le dotó de 330 millones de dólares para ser destinados a distintos proyectos, bajo una propuesta preventiva. En ese contexto llegaron al país 30.610 armas Glock, modelo 17 y calibre 9x19 mm. Algunas cuestiones llaman la atención de esta importación.

La primera tiene que ver con la afirmación del Ex Ministro de Gobierno y Policía, Fernando Bustamante; que dijo que el problema de la violencia en el país es más de percepción (violencia subjetiva) que de hechos delictivos ocurridos (violencia objetiva). Si ello es así, esta compra de …

A Tale Of Two School Systems, Michael E. Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Explains that suburban schools are more popular than urban schools primarily due to their more socially homogenous student bodies, and suggests that urban school systems seek to retain students through expanded magnet school programs.