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Articles 1 - 30 of 164
Full-Text Articles in Architecture
Experimental Study On Thermal Comfort Towards Increasing Temperature Set-Points In Air-Conditioned Office Spaces In A Tropical Region: A Case Study In Thailand, Tanadej Sikram, Masayuki Ichinose, Rumiko Sasaki
Experimental Study On Thermal Comfort Towards Increasing Temperature Set-Points In Air-Conditioned Office Spaces In A Tropical Region: A Case Study In Thailand, Tanadej Sikram, Masayuki Ichinose, Rumiko Sasaki
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Many countries propose indoor temperature set-points of air-conditioned offices to be comfortably sustainable and to reduce energy consumption. Even though there are recommendations for the optimum temperature-set-points, it is questionable how those values could be applied to the actual situation in a tropical region. This study aims to survey thermal performance and estimate thermal comfort in different set-points. In 2019, two air-conditioned office buildings were tested by increasing set-points from the actual value between 23 °C and 25 °C. Data loggers measuring thermal variables were installed in the offices and the questionnaire was distributed to evaluate human response. Considering the …
A Hedonic Pricing Approach To Value Ecosystem Services Provided By Water Sensitive Urban Design: Comparison Of Geelong, Australia And Singapore, Kim Irvine, Bing Han Choy, Lloyd Hc Chua, Jarrod Gaut, Huu Loc Ho, Nij Tontisirin
A Hedonic Pricing Approach To Value Ecosystem Services Provided By Water Sensitive Urban Design: Comparison Of Geelong, Australia And Singapore, Kim Irvine, Bing Han Choy, Lloyd Hc Chua, Jarrod Gaut, Huu Loc Ho, Nij Tontisirin
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features are increasingly used for urban water management, green urban design, and improved community liveability, but relatively less data are available on the ecosystem services that WSUD provides. We used hedonic pricing, supported by qualitative surveys, in Geelong, Australia and Singapore, to evaluate benefits related to large WSUD features. For both locations there was a significant (α=0.05) inverse relationship between the sales price of a residence and distance to the WSUD features. Qualitative surveys corroborated the hedonic pricing analysis, as a majority of people appreciated benefits accrued from living near WSUD features.
Development Of Guidelines For Enhancement Of Thermal Comfort And Energy Efficiency During Winter For Thailand's Senior Centers Using Surveys And Computer Simulation, Chorpech Panraluk, Atch Sreshthaputra
Development Of Guidelines For Enhancement Of Thermal Comfort And Energy Efficiency During Winter For Thailand's Senior Centers Using Surveys And Computer Simulation, Chorpech Panraluk, Atch Sreshthaputra
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The objective of this study is to develop guidelines for thermal comfort and energy efficiency for senior centers during winter. The study was conducted in Phitsanulok, Thailand and it three methods were applied in development of the guidelines: field survey, laboratory study, and simulation in scSTREAM - a CFD program -- and Visual DOE 4.0 program. With a temperature set-point of 25.0 °C in the existing air-conditioned senior centers, the study shows that occupants feel "Slightly cool". These feelings change to "Neutral" when natural ventilation and fans are used to generate air speed of 0.57 - 0.60 m/s during the …
A Prospect Of Disaster Education And Community Development In Thailand: Learning From Japan, Waricha Wongphyat, Mari Tanaka
A Prospect Of Disaster Education And Community Development In Thailand: Learning From Japan, Waricha Wongphyat, Mari Tanaka
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper aims to examine a prospect of disaster education and community development in Thailand focusing on a traditional waterfront community, named Hua Takhe. It explores the program and participation as well as meaning and implication of the Japanese cases through observations. Based on the analysis of questionnaire surveys, the strengths of the Hua Takhe community include solidarity, human, cultural, and educational resources. Its weaknesses are a limitation of disaster prevention-related resources, insufficient interaction between the old and the young generations, a lack of systematic disaster management, and low participation in drills. Collaboration with educational institutions, integrative and inclusive learning, …
The Correlation Between Occupant Thermal Comfort And Discomfort Glare In Office Buildings In The Tropics:A Case Study In Thailand, Kittiwoot Chaloeytoy, Masayuki Ichinose
The Correlation Between Occupant Thermal Comfort And Discomfort Glare In Office Buildings In The Tropics:A Case Study In Thailand, Kittiwoot Chaloeytoy, Masayuki Ichinose
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
A buildings' glazed facades influence their inhabited occupants in terms of thermal comfort and discomfort glare. This study aims to clarify the correlation between them in a tropical context. The field study was performed in office spaces in Thailand using comfort indices evaluation, i.e. the predicted mean vote (PMV) and daylight glare probability (DGP), and questionnaire surveys to investigate local occupants' feedback. The statistical approaches indicated that the agreement between thermal comfort and discomfort glare variables could be observed with a glazing performance rating of the buildings and the occupants' sensation level. However, the usability of comfort indices must be …
Materiality And Sensibility:Phenomenological Studies Of Brick As Architectural Material, Tony Sofian, Iwan Sudradjat, Baskoro Tedjo
Materiality And Sensibility:Phenomenological Studies Of Brick As Architectural Material, Tony Sofian, Iwan Sudradjat, Baskoro Tedjo
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
An incessant challenge for the architects nowadays is how to design architectural projects that support the creation of meaningful experiences, benefitting from the interconnection between building materiality and human sensibility. The purpose of this study is to provide a phenomenological understanding of brick as an architectural material and how people perceive its architectural space and interpret its architectural meaning. Method of phenomenological analysis from Moustakas (1994) is adopted to guide the whole research procedures; using in-depth and multiple interviews with the users of three different buildings who shared experiences in inhibiting and interacting with the environment created with brick as …
A Generic Scenario On Urban Sustainability Of A Historical City Center, Simon Chih-Feng Shu, Ching-Kai Lin
A Generic Scenario On Urban Sustainability Of A Historical City Center, Simon Chih-Feng Shu, Ching-Kai Lin
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In discussion on modern urban development issues, many researches have focused on those newly expanded areas, yet few researches have scrutinized what contributes to the vibrant life of the historical Central Business District (CBD) in inner cities. This research has examined a declined old city centre in central Taiwan by deploying Space Syntax analysis to verify possible contributions of parts-whole street network disconnection to the death of CBD in inner cities. The research findings suggest that linearity and critical street segments being properly integrated with the whole arterial street network could be crucial for future city planning.
Quantifying Real Estate Externalities:Evidence On The Whole Foods Effect, Kanis Saengchote
Quantifying Real Estate Externalities:Evidence On The Whole Foods Effect, Kanis Saengchote
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Real estate amenities can create both benefits and costs to local community, which economists call externalities. Quantification of externalities is challenging because of potential endogeneity problems that render simple statistical analyses inaccurate, necessitating the use of a more rigorous econometric technique. Exploiting store expansion activities of Whole Foods Market to infer the causal impact of the Whole Foods Effect using the difference-in-differences strategy, we find that property prices within 0.5 mile of a new Whole Foods Market store increase on average by 6.7% after a new store opens.
Development Of Agro-Cultural Tourism Route Based On Spatial Configuration Analysis: The Case Of A Rubber Planting Village, Songkhla Province, Thailand, Tapanee Rattanathavon, Pornchai Jittiwasurat
Development Of Agro-Cultural Tourism Route Based On Spatial Configuration Analysis: The Case Of A Rubber Planting Village, Songkhla Province, Thailand, Tapanee Rattanathavon, Pornchai Jittiwasurat
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This article proposes an alternative to develop agro-cultural tourism routes based on spatial configuration analysis. A village growing rubber trees in Songkhla Province, Thailand, was taken as the case study. The data analysis involved the theory of urban morphology and the space syntax. Given the characteristics of the area and the planters' socio-cultural characteristics, the results revealed that potential tourist attractions should be charted only on a movement network with high visibility and accessibility whereas those on a movement network with low visibility and accessibility should be left intact. However, some rules and regulations should be imposed to preserve the …
An Investigation Of A Modified Formula Of Daylight Glare And Limiting Daylight Glare Indices In The Thai Elderly, Nuanwan Tuaycharoen
An Investigation Of A Modified Formula Of Daylight Glare And Limiting Daylight Glare Indices In The Thai Elderly, Nuanwan Tuaycharoen
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Discomfort glare is perceived differently bythe young and the elderly. However, the existing daylight glare formulae do not take the effects of age into account and the current limiting glare index was obtained from non-elderly subjects. To create lighting suitable for the Thai elderly, especially in terms of glare, two objectives were addressed. The first explored a modified formula of daylight glare for the Thai elderly, while the second investigated the limiting daylight glare index for the Thai elderly in particular areas of residential and public buildings. Both laboratory and field studies were undertaken. The former investigated a daylight glare …
A Framework Of Design Criteria For Elderly Facilities Using Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs, Silvana Vásquez Sánchez, Ekkachai Mahaek, Apichoke Lekagul
A Framework Of Design Criteria For Elderly Facilities Using Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs, Silvana Vásquez Sánchez, Ekkachai Mahaek, Apichoke Lekagul
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The increase in population ageing worldwide is giving rise to the design of age-friendly cities and facilities. Recognizing elderly needs is essential to promote an active life that enables continued participation in the society. However, there is no precedent that justifies the choices in the design of spaces for the elderly, so this study proposes an evaluative model of physical design that satisfies and fulfills the needs of the elderly. The Design Pyramid is based on the Theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs linking the needs of the elderly with architectural attributes. The application of this model allows evaluating the …
Housing Conditions And Improvement Guidelines For The Elderly Living In Urban Areas: Case Studies Of Four Bangkok's Districts, Trirat Jarutach, Nutcha Lertpradit
Housing Conditions And Improvement Guidelines For The Elderly Living In Urban Areas: Case Studies Of Four Bangkok's Districts, Trirat Jarutach, Nutcha Lertpradit
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The demographic structure of the Thai population has shifted to an ageing society with an increasing number of elderly people living in urban areas. This research, therefore, is aimed to study and analyze the housing conditions of the elderly as well as relevant behaviors and issues, and provide recommendations for improvement. This research employs interviews and onsite-surveys for data collection. Findings showed that the current conditions are inappropriate; bedroom furniture should be less high; handrails should be installed in bathrooms; stair risers should be shortened, and a common area e.g. a gazebo, should be provided for the elderly to spend …
Applying The Historic Urban Landscape Approach To The Identification Of Urban Heritage Attributes Of Bangkok's Old Town, Wimonrart Issarathumnoon
Applying The Historic Urban Landscape Approach To The Identification Of Urban Heritage Attributes Of Bangkok's Old Town, Wimonrart Issarathumnoon
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This article focuses on the study of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach from current international doctrines and analyses along with urban heritage conservation in Bangkok's historic area. The results indicate that the HUL approach helps develop conservation in Thailand from conserving tangible elements as separate objects to conserving and managing tangible and intangible attributes of the entire area by considering holistic values. The approach also helps identify the elements that characterize the area, particularly the character-defining elements of traditional communities, and, furthermore, it offers appropriate means for designing new elements in the area and supports collaborative works among various …
Master Planning For Conservation And Development Of Krung Rattanakosin 2032, Wannasilpa Peerapun, Sirirat Sereerat, Peamsook Sanit, Pornsan Vichienpradit
Master Planning For Conservation And Development Of Krung Rattanakosin 2032, Wannasilpa Peerapun, Sirirat Sereerat, Peamsook Sanit, Pornsan Vichienpradit
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper presents the research and development of the "Master Plan of Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin 2032," under the vision of "A glorious capital city of Siam Kingdom, dignified by urban heritage, blending with multi-cultural identity of the local community, and contemporary urbanism," that expresses the important stories of the area, including the story of the two capital cities of Thonburi and Krung Rattanakosin, the stories about palaces, and spatial development, through the Krung Rattanakosin urban structure and significant aspects of the cultural heritage. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrated planning through a participatory process. The results …
Application Of Hazus-Mh Flood Model In Developing Countries: The Case Of Piura, Peru, Wan Chantavilasvong, Leo Guerrero
Application Of Hazus-Mh Flood Model In Developing Countries: The Case Of Piura, Peru, Wan Chantavilasvong, Leo Guerrero
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This research looks at the U.S.'s HAZUS-MH Flood Model and adapts some of its methodologies to Piura, Peru, as an example of many regions around the world with limited technical and capital capacity to estimate inundation risks. Thus, this research proposes a methodology for accessible and achievable flood risk estimation which takes into account limited available data. The proposed methodology will produce maps of potential inundation areas and monetized damage values from flood scenarios. These outputs can further help local authorities design, decide, and prepare their risk mitigation and adaptation plans for the future.
Transformation Of Housing In Low-Income Settlement: A Study Of Domestic Spaces In Ershad Nagar Resettlement Camp, Masud Ur Rashid
Transformation Of Housing In Low-Income Settlement: A Study Of Domestic Spaces In Ershad Nagar Resettlement Camp, Masud Ur Rashid
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Housing transformation is a major strategy among low-income households in formal and informal settlements. Domestic spaces are produced for social unity. This study illustrates the analysis ofdomestic spaces in a low-income settlement and their impact on the inhabitants' ways of life. The factors that affect the physical organization of spaces and its quality are evaluated with respect to the survival strategy of the low-income dwellers. The space organization of the dwelling units illustrates different structures and forms that may not fit the conventional understanding of modern urban housing. The space organization of a dwelling reflects the user's needs and space …
Serial Cultural Heritage: Concept, Applications, Categorization And Its Roles In Present Day Contexts, Saowalux Poshyanandana
Serial Cultural Heritage: Concept, Applications, Categorization And Its Roles In Present Day Contexts, Saowalux Poshyanandana
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Serial cultural heritage is a category of cultural heritage that is characterized by its formation of several cultural heritage sites which have shared meaning and values. The first recognition of serial cultural heritage was part of the World Heritage Convention and its subsequent Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, 1980. Since that time, cultural heritage series have been nominated and inscribed as World Heritage Sites continuously.In general context, serial cultural heritage has been known and remembered since ancient times. Seven Wonders of the World is an example, although they are not called 'serial cultural heritage'. Apart …
Rationalizing Public Transport System Of Dhaka City: Proposal Of Creating A Multimodal Hierarchical Transport Network To Reduce Traffic Congestion, Maher Niger
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The concept of rationalization can be defined as a structured process to increase effectiveness througha maximize use of existing resources. Rationalization in terms of road infrastructure or systems can be achieved in various ways; establishing hierarchy of routes, optimize bus-stop points with density distribution changes, proper integration of motorized and non-motorized transport and providing policy framework. In the highly densely populated city of Dhaka, rationalizing public transport is one way to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply.This paper is concerned with the following issues: providing a general description of the city transport system, identifying problems and demands analysis in …
Anti-Democratic Spaces And Impoverishment: Role Of Roads In Low-Income Residential Areas, Allison John, Mabel Allison, Dennis Ejike Amadi, Crispin Allison
Anti-Democratic Spaces And Impoverishment: Role Of Roads In Low-Income Residential Areas, Allison John, Mabel Allison, Dennis Ejike Amadi, Crispin Allison
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This article identifies the low-income group as eco-friendly in terms of their favoured transit systems. Despite the group's eco-friendly and sustainable attributes, they suffer the most in their use of urban spaces, in low-cost housings and in transportation planning, in particular the roads. There is corruption among others who push for road dominance in the infrastructure. There is a call for action in developing the following: greater transparency, democratic approaches, and compact developments with a rich juxtaposition of greenery enhancing pedestrian corridors. Community spaces connecting working areas with the Central Business Districts (CBD) and high densities residencies to be developed …
Effects Of Growth On Urban Morphology And Land Use Pattern In Mymensingh: A Historic Town Of Bangladesh, Naimul Aziz, Farida Nilufar
Effects Of Growth On Urban Morphology And Land Use Pattern In Mymensingh: A Historic Town Of Bangladesh, Naimul Aziz, Farida Nilufar
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This study explores the effects of growth on the urban morphology and the land use pattern of a historic town Mymensingh, by analyzing the morphological transformation through Space Syntax along with the changes of land-use pattern. Mymensingh is one of the oldest and historic towns of Bangladesh that lies along the river Brahmaputra. This town was developed as an urban conglomeration during the period of the British colonists more than two hundred years ago. Through the juxtaposition of different establishments by the British colonists, local land-lords and local inhabitants at different time periods, a unique type of morphological pattern was …
Transformation Of Cultural Landscape Through Resilience Lens: A Case Study Of Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Teranetr Tienthavorn
Transformation Of Cultural Landscape Through Resilience Lens: A Case Study Of Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Teranetr Tienthavorn
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This study aims to understand the dynamics of the Mae Kampong's cultural landscape through two intervening approaches. The study includes the cultural landscape and the community resilience. Both are examined to determine the transformations. An analysis was made of capital sources and management of resources. The methodology includes literary reviews, site observations, and interviews. The findings illustrate three periods; resilience, adaptation, and transformation. In the last phase, the community utilized their opportunities to transform into entrepreneurs. New activities emerged that included: rental houses, cafes, innovative mixed-use spaces and artisan-based shops located within the living museum sites. Sources of capital and …
A Proxemic Study Of Waterfront Shophouses At The Hua Takhe Market, Bangkok, Thailand, Waricha Wongphyat
A Proxemic Study Of Waterfront Shophouses At The Hua Takhe Market, Bangkok, Thailand, Waricha Wongphyat
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Given that a physical environment is a manifestation of its socio-cultural context, this paper seeks to examine the development of the Hua Takhe settlement, the physical components of the community, the socio-spatial interconnection, and the spatial essences of the waterfront shophouses in relation to the ownership patterns. Based on field surveys, oral histories, and observations, the research employs Hall's theory of space to extricate the anthropological aspects of the case studies. It is noted that different types of ownership, i.e. inherited and long-term rental, affect the physical and spatial transformations as well as the social proxemics of the shophouses. This …
Mono-Economy And Urban Vulnerability: A Case Study Of Pak Phanang Municipality In Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Rawin Thinnakorn
Mono-Economy And Urban Vulnerability: A Case Study Of Pak Phanang Municipality In Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Rawin Thinnakorn
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper examines the relationship between mono-economic growth and urban sensitivity. The selected case study is the Pak Phanang Municipality of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, which has a mono-economy of bird's-nest businesses as its main economic base. The research methodology was divided into three parts. Part 1 includes the study of changing urban morphology caused by the growth of the mono-economy and the evaluation of urban decline from decentralization according to the theory of spatial centrality. Part 2 studies the distribution patterns of spatial and social sensitivity, using quantitative research and an indicator-based approach from the Social Vulnerability Index. Part …
Wildlife Conservation And Mangrove Interpretation Centre, Karamjal, Sundarban: A Case Study Of A Site-Specific Architectural Project In A Mangrove Forest, Farjana Rahman
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper analyses the design process that addresses the ecological consideration and architectural factors with local indigenous materials so that nature-based tourism can be more encouraged and feasible towards sustainable development. The case study is the Sundarbans, which is a mangrove forest and coastal wetland with a complex ecosystem formed by a variety of plants and animals. Due to its diversity, ecosystem richness and uniqueness, this contiguous block has a huge impact on both local and global environment and is significant among researchers, conservationists and nature lovers. Karamjal, Bangladesh, one of the main entry points of Sundarban Reserve Forest is …
The Commodification Of Public Spaces On Khao San Road, Parisa Musigakama
The Commodification Of Public Spaces On Khao San Road, Parisa Musigakama
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This study focuses on the mechanisms and institutions for the governance of public spaces on Khao San Road, Bangkok. Khao San is a small road famous for tourism. It is located near major attractions, and is full of budget accommodations and street vendors. This street is known among the locals and foreign tourists as one of Bangkok's most vibrant and lively.Furthermore, Khao San offers immense opportunity for vendors, as it is crowded with tourists all day. This factor is of utmost importance to the success of businesses. Therefore, competitions for prime vending spots on the road have been going on …
Traditional Design In An Ancient Village Of Tanintharyi, Winn Myintzu, Soe Thainkha, Elizabeth H. Moore
Traditional Design In An Ancient Village Of Tanintharyi, Winn Myintzu, Soe Thainkha, Elizabeth H. Moore
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The ancient village of Thagara is located circa ten kilometres north of Dawei, Tanintharyi Region of Lower Myanmar. While Thagara's archaeology and the domestic religious architecture such as the pagodas and monasteries have been well documented, this article is the first to classify the main elements of the domestic dwellings. Five key components of the vernacular architecture are identified: the style of the house facade, the building materials, the hearth, the rice barn and the shrine. Constructed with local materials, the facades and roofs were designed to meet the challenges of the monsoonal climate and the hearth and rice barn …
Refining The Adaptive Capacity Framework For World Heritage Management, Montira Unakul
Refining The Adaptive Capacity Framework For World Heritage Management, Montira Unakul
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Well-developed in the context of climate change, the concept of adaptive capacity has so far not been applied extensively to the study of World Heritage management. This paper applies the analytic framework of adaptive capacity to better understand how institutional attributes enable or hinder systemic adaptation in managing World Heritage sites as boundaries of practice expand due to changing concepts of heritage and emerging management challenges. Drawing upon case studies from Southeast Asia, the study proposes a refined framework with the following dimensions of adaptive capacity: cognitive frames, learning capacity, resources, formal governance measures, organizational relationships, and agency.
The Effects Of Franco-Siamese Treaties On Ubon Ratchathani Urban Landscape Transformation, Lalida Boonmee
The Effects Of Franco-Siamese Treaties On Ubon Ratchathani Urban Landscape Transformation, Lalida Boonmee
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In the written history, Ubon Ratchathani, most documents point out that the urban areas have developed and changed because of the administrative reforms from Bangkok since the reign of King Chulalongkorn, Rama V. While this domestic cause has certainly been at play, there is another cause connected to foreign colonisation of the Indochina area. French troops forced Siam to accept the Franco-Siamese treaty in 1893, which affected the boundaries of Siam near the Mekong River. This article will address the effects of Franco-Siamese treaties on the Ubon Ratchathani urban landscape, and will highlight the urban elements which currently contribute to …
Collaborative Community Design Processes In Rural And Urban Settlements In Thailand, Sadanu Sukkasame
Collaborative Community Design Processes In Rural And Urban Settlements In Thailand, Sadanu Sukkasame
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper compares two contrasting processes of low-income community design in rural and urban areas in Thailand. The low-income Srabot community in the urban area is constructing a new settlement on newly purchased land. In parallel, the indigenous Banggloy community is located in the National Park as a community who were forcibly evicted from their village home to an allocated area where they constructed dwellings in the new village. Both cases were supported by housing loans and funding from the Thai Community Organizations Development Institute (CODI)1. The aim of this paper is to examine collaborative learning process based on low-income …
Evaluating The Policy Outcomes For Urban Resiliency In Informal Settlements Since Independence In Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Review, Ishrat Momtaz Badhan, Asma Siddika
Evaluating The Policy Outcomes For Urban Resiliency In Informal Settlements Since Independence In Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Review, Ishrat Momtaz Badhan, Asma Siddika
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Today's cities are characterized by the process of urbanization, which in most cases is integrated with the escalation of informal settlements due to excessive migration followed by a housing crisis. This is a common situation for most cities in developing countries, such as Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Dhaka has emerged as one of the fastest growing megacities in recent times, which receives a major number of rural to urban migrants annually due to its growth as the major economic hub of Bangladesh. Dhaka has one of the largest populations among all global cities, which results in a critical …