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Diclofenac And Its Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence And Toxicity - A Review, Linson Lonappan, Satinder K. Brar, Ratul Kumar Das, Mausam Verma, Rao Y. Surampalli

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Diclofenac (DCF) is a prevalent anti-inflammatory drug used throughout the world. Intensive researches carried out in the past few decades have confirmed the global ubiquity of DCF in various environmental compartments. Its frequent occurrence in freshwater environments and its potential toxicity towards several organisms such as fish and mussels makes DCF an emerging environmental contaminant. At typical detected environmental concentrations, the drug does not exhibit toxic effects towards living organisms, albeit chronic exposure may lead to severe effects. For DCF, about 30–70% removal has been obtained through the conventional treatment system in wastewater treatment plant being the major primary sink. …