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The Rooney Rule: Affirmative Action Policy And Institutional Discrimination In The National Football League, Erica R. Smith
The Rooney Rule: Affirmative Action Policy And Institutional Discrimination In The National Football League, Erica R. Smith
Open Access Dissertations
African American underrepresentation in positions of power within the intercollegiate and professional sports hierarchy continues to be a major concern among the media, professional sports organizations, and academic researchers. Although African Americans dominate the rosters of college and professional football teams, they remain grossly underrepresented in the management ranks. In 2002, the NFL designed a diversity plan that is commonly referred to as the "Rooney Rule" in order to increase the recruitment of African-Americans in head coaching positions. This dissertation is based on an examination of the impact of this policy in fostering diversity in NFL hiring patterns for the …
Dynamic Optical Model Of The Primate Crystalline Lens And Implications For The Restoration Of Accommodation, David Borja
Dynamic Optical Model Of The Primate Crystalline Lens And Implications For The Restoration Of Accommodation, David Borja
Open Access Dissertations
The human crystalline lens is a complex, inhomogeneous and dynamic optical element which enables the eye to adjust focus in a process known as accommodation. Age related changes in the optical and mechanical properties of the lens cause a loss in accommodative ability leading to a condition known as presbyopia. Several experimental surgical techniques are under development for the correction of presbyopia. The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the relationship between the crystalline lens shape, its non-uniform refractive index gradient and its optical power and their changes with age and accommodation. In this study direct lens power …
On The Variability Of The Wind Stress At The Air-Sea Interface, Fei Zhang
On The Variability Of The Wind Stress At The Air-Sea Interface, Fei Zhang
Open Access Dissertations
This dissertation investigates wind-wave-current interaction, wave breaking detection and the analysis of breaking characteristics at the air-sea interface. In-situ data measured during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX) and Baltic Sea Swell Experiment (BASE) are applied in the studies and analysis. Wind, wind stress and wave data were obtained from several Air Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoys. Surface currents were measured by a High-Frequency Ocean Surface Current Radar. Two distinct types of wave-current-wind interaction were observed in the presence of a strong along-coast current. First, the horizontal current shear resulted in wind-sea waves shifting away from the wind direction. This motion …
Superconducting Iridium Thin Films Astransition Edge Sensors, Daniela F. Bogorin
Superconducting Iridium Thin Films Astransition Edge Sensors, Daniela F. Bogorin
Open Access Dissertations
Transition edge sensors are the detectors of choice for a wide range of applications; from dark matter search, neutrino search, to cosmic radiation detection from near infrared to millimeter wavelengths. We are developing transition edge sensors using superconducting iridium thin films and we are proposing their use for future dark matter and neutrino search experiments. Our Ir films are deposited using an radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and photolithographic techniques and measured using an adiabatic refrigerator capable of reaching temperatures of a few tens of mK. This thesis presents a detailed description of superconducting iridium thin films from the fabrication …
High School Vocational Program Tracking: Race-Ethnic Variations In Placement And Consequences For Academic And Career Outcomes, Anthony D. Greene
High School Vocational Program Tracking: Race-Ethnic Variations In Placement And Consequences For Academic And Career Outcomes, Anthony D. Greene
Open Access Dissertations
Data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS: 88) are used to examine differential student placement and to assess the independent effects of race on academic tracking within the vocational program. The study examines how the structure of tracking within the vocational program shapes both academic achievement outcomes and career opportunities among high school students. Student's placement in the vocational program is argued to function as a unique track program that disadvantage students academically, particularly students of color. Racial-ethnic minority students are disproportionately placed into lower level academic courses and programs including vocational education. Once so placed, their subsequent enrollment …
Ck2 Contributes To The Synergistic Effects Of Bmp7 And Bdnf On Smad 1/5/8 Phosphorylation In Septal Neurons, Florence Chaverneff
Ck2 Contributes To The Synergistic Effects Of Bmp7 And Bdnf On Smad 1/5/8 Phosphorylation In Septal Neurons, Florence Chaverneff
Open Access Dissertations
The combination of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and neurotrophins (e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) protects septal neurons during hypoglycemic stress. I investigated the signaling mechanisms underlying this synergistic protection. BMP7 (5 nM) increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of BMP-responsive Smads 1/5/8 within 30 min in cultures of rat embryonic septal neurons. BDNF (100 ng/ml) enhanced the BMP7-induced increase in phospho-Smad levels in both nucleus and cytoplasm; this effect was more pronounced after a hypoglycemic stress. BDNF increased both Akt and Erk phosphorylation, but pharmacological blockade of these kinase pathways (with wortmannin and U0126, respectively) did not reduce the Smad …
Oxygen Glucose Deprivation And Hyperthermia Induce Cellular Damage In Neural Precursor Cells And Immature Neurons, Luminita Luca
Oxygen Glucose Deprivation And Hyperthermia Induce Cellular Damage In Neural Precursor Cells And Immature Neurons, Luminita Luca
Open Access Dissertations
Hyperthermia damages both developing and adult brains, especially when it occurs after ischemia or stroke. Work presented in this dissertation used in vitro models of these stresses to investigate mechanisms underlying damage to immature neurons and neural precursors cultured from embryonic rat brain. Studies described in Chapter 2 investigated the effects of a brief, intense hyperthermic stress (30-45 min at 43ºC). This stress produced a selective depletion of nestin-immunoreactive neural precursor cells, and reduced proliferation, as evidenced by reduced BrdU incorporation into young Tuj1-immunoreactive neurons. The stress activated caspase 3, and produced multiple signs of nuclear damage as well as …
Sex Expression In A Rainforest Understory Herb, Begonia Urophylla, John Cozza
Sex Expression In A Rainforest Understory Herb, Begonia Urophylla, John Cozza
Open Access Dissertations
Monoecy, the production of distinct male and female flowers on the same plant, is an important, though little studied, sexual strategy in the rainforest understory. This study of a monoecious plant discovered a cue to induce flowering, explored the interplay of gender constraint vs. plasticity in a natural population, and tested possible causes of gender in two laboratory experiments. An experiment in the lab found that reduced photoperiod for three weeks is an unambiguous cue for flowering. The remarkably long inductive period is followed by a long and variable period of floral initiation. This results in only partial synchronization of …
The Importance Of Sexual And Clonal Reproduction For Population Dynamics In The Understory Herb Calathea Marantifolia (Marantaceae), David P. Matlaga
The Importance Of Sexual And Clonal Reproduction For Population Dynamics In The Understory Herb Calathea Marantifolia (Marantaceae), David P. Matlaga
Open Access Dissertations
I addressed how light availability influences sexual and clonal offspring production, demographic performance and contribution to population dynamics by studying the Neotropical understory herb Calathea marantifolia across a light gradient in Costa Rica. To understand how demographic performance was influenced by light availability I conducted a transplant experiment in the field. Both seedlings and clonal offspring grew best when planted in high light areas, but seedlings showed a faster and more dramatic response. Survival of seedlings was greatest in high light sites but clonal offspring survival was greatest where light availability was low. To examine the demographic consequences of physiological …
Water Mass Formation And Circulation In The Persian Gulf And Water Exchange With The Indian Ocean, Fengchao Yao
Water Mass Formation And Circulation In The Persian Gulf And Water Exchange With The Indian Ocean, Fengchao Yao
Open Access Dissertations
The Persian Gulf is a shallow, semi-enclosed marginal sea where the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), one of the most saline water masses in the world, is formed due to the arid climate. The PGW flushes out of the Persian Gulf as a deep outflow and induces a surface inflow of the Indian Ocean Surface Water (IOSW), driving an inverse-estuarine type water exchange through the Strait of Hormuz. In this dissertation, the circulation and water mass transformation processes in the Persian Gulf and the water exchange with the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz, in response to the atmospheric forcing, …
Interpersonal Dimensions Of Goal Pursuit: Goal Support, Shared Goals, Communal Strength, And Generativity In Relationship To Self-Determination Theory, Christine O. Mollica
Interpersonal Dimensions Of Goal Pursuit: Goal Support, Shared Goals, Communal Strength, And Generativity In Relationship To Self-Determination Theory, Christine O. Mollica
Open Access Dissertations
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) research on goal pursuit indicates that people with intrinsic goal pursuits experience greater well-being than those with extrinsic goal pursuits. Three nutriments have been suggested by SDT that facilitate intrinsic motivation: autonomy, competence and relatedness. These nutriments, considered social conditions by SDT, have been understudied. However, recent SDT research and the small literature on goal support in relationships suggest that social aspects of goal pursuit are quite relevant and warrant further investigation. This study examined interpersonal dimensions of goal pursuit including Goal Support, Shared Goals, Communal Strength and Generativity. This interpersonal cluster was examined in the context …
Incorporating Recreational And Artisanal Fishing Fleets In Atlantic Billfish Management, Ayeisha A. Brinson
Incorporating Recreational And Artisanal Fishing Fleets In Atlantic Billfish Management, Ayeisha A. Brinson
Open Access Dissertations
Atlantic billfish include sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Kajikia albida, formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and the spearfishes (Tetrapturus); these fishes are found in tropical and subtropical waters. The spearfishes include the longbill spearfish (T. pfluegeri), the Mediterranean spearfish (T. belone) and the roundscale spearfish (T. georgii). The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) is the regional fishery management organization that conducts research to determine the condition of tuna and billfish resources and supports international cooperative management. ICCAT has determined that blue marlin and white marlin are overfished; the status of sailfish and spearfish are …
A Groundwork For The Theory Of Notation, Len O. Olsen
A Groundwork For The Theory Of Notation, Len O. Olsen
Open Access Dissertations
This work is a philosophical investigation of signs. It offers a definition of the term ?sign? and develops three different systems for talking precisely about signs and their properties. The system of object display lines is developed in the first chapter; the ostension notation and the box notation are developed in the second chapter; and the contemporary associationist definition of a sign is developed in the third chapter. These systems, in conjunction with the definition, are proffered as a philosophical foundation for the theory of notation. The first chapter of this work develops the distinction between i) mere objects (non-signs), …
The Earthquake Cycle Of Strike-Slip Faults, Gina M. Schmalzle
The Earthquake Cycle Of Strike-Slip Faults, Gina M. Schmalzle
Open Access Dissertations
An earthquake is a mechanism of stress release along plate boundaries due to relative motion between the Earth's lithospheric blocks. The period in which stresses are accruing across the plate boundary is known as the interseismic portion of the earthquake cycle. This dissertation focuses on interseismic portion of the earthquake cycle to extract characteristics of fault, shear zone and rock properties. Global Positioning System (GPS) data are used to observe the pattern of deformation across two primarily strike-slip fault systems: the Carrizo Segment of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) and the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). Two sets of GPS …
Processes, Patterns And Petrophysical Heterogeneity Of Grainstone Shoals At Ocean Cay, Western Great Bahama Bank, Francisco Eduardo Gomes Da Cruz
Processes, Patterns And Petrophysical Heterogeneity Of Grainstone Shoals At Ocean Cay, Western Great Bahama Bank, Francisco Eduardo Gomes Da Cruz
Open Access Dissertations
Holocene and Pleistocene grainstone deposits surrounding Ocean Cay located on the western margin of Great Bahama Bank provide key evidence for the comprehension of patterns, processes and petrophysical heterogeneity of carbonate grainstone shoals. New datasets consisting of high-resolution remote sensing data, acoustic Doppler current measurements, sub-bottom profiles, and sedimentological and petrophysical analyses offer an opportunity to elucidate the various factors in the deposition of a grainstone shoal complex and assess of how much of the sedimentary fabric and early diagenetic overprint influences the petrophysical characteristics of similar ancient deposits. The Holocene shoal complex investigated here includes the Cat Cay ooid …
Effects Of Vibration On Spinal Circuitry Related To Spasticity And Walking, Lanitia L. Ness
Effects Of Vibration On Spinal Circuitry Related To Spasticity And Walking, Lanitia L. Ness
Open Access Dissertations
In individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have disrupted communication between the brain and spinal cord, vibration may mimic functions formerly served by the lost or impaired supraspinal inputs resulting in more normal reflex modulation and improved walking function. Three experiments assessed the effects of vibration on spinal locomotor-generating circuitry, spinal reflex activity, and walking function. In Experiment 1, localized leg vibration was used to elicit air-stepping responses in the lower extremities. We compared responses of individuals with SCI to those of non-disabled (ND) individuals and assessed the influence of severity injury and locomotor training on the air-stepping response …
A Groundwork For The Theory Of Notation, Len O. Olsen
A Groundwork For The Theory Of Notation, Len O. Olsen
Open Access Dissertations
This work is a philosophical investigation of signs. It offers a definition of the term “sign” and develops three different systems for talking precisely about signs and their properties. The system of object display lines is developed in the first chapter; the ostension notation and the box notation are developed in the second chapter; and the contemporary associationist definition of a sign is developed in the third chapter. These systems, in conjunction with the definition, are proffered as a philosophical foundation for the theory of notation. The first chapter of this work develops the distinction between i) mere objects (non-signs), …
Emotional Disturbance As An Educational Disability: Implications For Social Workers, Jean Michele Rippey
Emotional Disturbance As An Educational Disability: Implications For Social Workers, Jean Michele Rippey
Open Access Dissertations
This qualitative study addressed an intersection in which the application of the medical model to educational disabilities and its implications for educational labeling of students interacted with the professional enculturation of clinical social workers. Employed as clinicians in programs administered in a large south eastern school district in the United States, five social workers served elementary students labeled Emotionally/Behaviorally Disabled (EBD) through federally authorized provisions for special education related services. This study used grounded theory methods to discover and analyze the social workers' underlying assumptions, values, and patterns of practice with regard to ethical and guild issues, roles and responsibilities, …
The Evolution Of The Carbonate Shelf Margins And Fill Of The Antler Foreland Basin By Prograding Mississippian Carbonates, Northern U.S. Rockies, Matthew Robert Buoniconti
The Evolution Of The Carbonate Shelf Margins And Fill Of The Antler Foreland Basin By Prograding Mississippian Carbonates, Northern U.S. Rockies, Matthew Robert Buoniconti
Open Access Dissertations
The aims of this study are to extend the established high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the Madison Formation of Wyoming and southern central Montana to the correlative and genetically-related Mississippian carbonate ramp, ramp margin, and basin strata of the central Montana trough and Antler foreland basin in order to examine and discriminate the controls on depositional processes and the resulting stratigraphic architecture through space and time in tectonically-active settings. An outcrop-based, high-resolution sequence stratigraphic study of two ramp-to-basin transects, one in central Montana and the other in southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho, is conducted in order to examine these deposits …
Light-Induced Relocalization Of The Photoreceptor G Protein Transducin Is Mediated By Binding Partner-Restricted Diffusion: New Insights Into G Protein Subunit Dissociation, Derek H. Rosenzweig
Light-Induced Relocalization Of The Photoreceptor G Protein Transducin Is Mediated By Binding Partner-Restricted Diffusion: New Insights Into G Protein Subunit Dissociation, Derek H. Rosenzweig
Open Access Dissertations
Phototransduction is a well characterized system for study of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. The GPCR rhodopsin couples to the heterotrimeric G protein transducin. Light-stimulated activation of transducin in turn activates phosphodiesterase (PDE), leading to closure to cGMP-gated channels and inhibition of glutamate release. Rod and cone photoreceptors are highly polarized neurons consisting of the outer segment (OS) where phototransduction biochemistry occurs, the inner segment containing mitochondria and other organelles, the nuclear layer, an axon, and a glutamatergic synapse. Upon illumination, activated G protein transducin redistributes from the rod OS (where it is localized in the dark) to the …
Gorbachev, Yeltsin And Putin: Soviet-Russian Foreign Relations With The United States From 1990 Through The Fall Of 2008: A Strategic Analysis, Terry W. Simmons
Gorbachev, Yeltsin And Putin: Soviet-Russian Foreign Relations With The United States From 1990 Through The Fall Of 2008: A Strategic Analysis, Terry W. Simmons
Open Access Dissertations
Cold War Soviet foreign policy was driven by a strategic competition. A competition-detente cycle based on the superpower rivalry between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, including the Warsaw Pact dependencies, and the United States of America and its respective alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) existed for over forty-five years. Following the dismantling of the Warsaw Pact and the implosion of the USSR, remnant Soviet and subsequent Russian foreign policy, changed dramatically. Though some fragmentary Soviet style vertical controls of the foreign policy of the transitional Gorbachev years and the first years of Yeltsin's first administration were recognizable, …
Dna Fragmentation And Histone Hyperacetylation In The Hypoxic-Acidotic Cardiomyocyte, John W. Thompson
Dna Fragmentation And Histone Hyperacetylation In The Hypoxic-Acidotic Cardiomyocyte, John W. Thompson
Open Access Dissertations
Bnip3 is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptotic proteins. Our laboratory has previously shown that Bnip3 induces a unique pathway of cardiac myocyte cell death, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Bnip3 is induced by hypoxia and the death pathway is activated by concurrent acidosis. We have shown that hypoxia-acidosis creates an environment that is permissive to calpain but not caspase activation and is characterized by enhanced DNase(s) activity as evidenced by genomic DNA fragmentation. This dissertation describes the nuclear consequences of Bnip3 activation by hypoxia-acidosis. Chapter 3 presents my evidence that hypoxia …
Challenging Current Paradigms Related To Cardiomyopathies: Are Changes In The Calcium Sensitivity Of Myofilaments Containing Mutations Good Predictors Of The Phenotypic Outcomes?, David Dweck
Open Access Dissertations
Three novel mutations (G159D, L29Q and E59D/D75Y) in cardiac troponin C (CTnC) associate their clinical outcomes with a given cardiomyopathy. Current paradigms propose that sarcomeric mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) decrease the myofilament calcium sensitivity while those associated with hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathy increase it. Therefore, we incorporated the mutant CTnCs into skinned cardiac muscle in order to determine if their effects on the calcium regulation of tension and ATPase activity coincide with the current paradigms and phenotypic outcomes. This required the development of new calculator programs to solve complex ionic equilibria to more accurately buffer and expand the free …
The Epistemic Necessity And Ethical Permissibility Of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Minimalist Defense, Matthew A. Schuh, Sr.
The Epistemic Necessity And Ethical Permissibility Of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Minimalist Defense, Matthew A. Schuh, Sr.
Open Access Dissertations
I argue for two main theses that are at odds with the positions of many clinical researchers and philosophers who write on the ethics of clinical research. The first is that certain types of clinical trials, namely, randomized clinical trials with double or triple blinding and a placebo group are generally necessary to establish that a medical intervention is effective in treating a certain type of disease or disorder. The second main thesis is that such trials are generally not ethically impermissible. My minimalist defense of clinical trials differs from most defenses of clinical trials found in the literature. I …
Cultivating Innovation: The Role Of Mentoring In The Innovation Process, Susan Wills Amat
Cultivating Innovation: The Role Of Mentoring In The Innovation Process, Susan Wills Amat
Open Access Dissertations
Organizations are seeking ways to become more innovative as a response to increased global competitiveness. While innovation is clearly important, many strategies have been attempted with this goal but no clear method has proved successful. This study shows that firms who are considered to have innovation as one of their core competencies utilize mentoring to facilitate and cultivate innovation. Utilizing a qualitative, case study approach, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders at four major U.S. companies considered to be among the most innovative in the world. The transcripts, archival data, and popular magazine and newspaper articles were included in the …
Aerobic Training Does Not Alter Crp Concentrations In Apparently Healthy, Untrained Men, Mark Stoutenberg
Aerobic Training Does Not Alter Crp Concentrations In Apparently Healthy, Untrained Men, Mark Stoutenberg
Open Access Dissertations
Regular aerobic exercise may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in part by lowering the concentration of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). While studies in diseased populations have shown significant decreases in CRP concentrations with regular aerobic training, little has been conclusively determined regarding the effects of aerobic training on CRP concentrations in apparently healthy, untrained populations who may not be adequately screened for CVD risk by traditional methods. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 17-wk half marathon training program (TP) on CRP concentrations, aerobic fitness, and body composition in apparently healthy, untrained men. METHODS: Twenty men (29.3 …
Self-Reported And Observed Cultural Competence And Therapeutic Alliance In Family Therapy, Carla C. Mayorga
Self-Reported And Observed Cultural Competence And Therapeutic Alliance In Family Therapy, Carla C. Mayorga
Open Access Dissertations
Because of its political and philosophical launching ground (Arredondo & Perez, 2006), cultural competence did not begin as an empirical research program, and as a result, there remains disagreement about how to define and measure cultural competence. Although the application of cultural competence remains unclear to some psychologists (Fuertes et al., 2006), it is now common knowledge that the therapeutic alliance is a statistically and clinically significant contributor to effective therapy. This pilot study merges two prominent bodies of literature, cultural competence and therapeutic alliance, with the underlying assumption that a culturally competent counselor will be able to provide effective …
Matrix Metalloproteinases: Roles And Regulation In Ocular Surface Regeneration, Gabriel Mikal Gordon
Matrix Metalloproteinases: Roles And Regulation In Ocular Surface Regeneration, Gabriel Mikal Gordon
Open Access Dissertations
Epithelial wound healing is a common occurrence in many organisms. In spite of a long history of study in this field, we do not have a complete understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of wound healing, which is a key element to appreciate in order to modulate this process for better clinical outcomes. Optimal outcomes are especially critical in the cornea as a failure to regenerate can result in blindness and a huge decline in quality of life. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent proteases that have been shown to be both regulators and effectors of …
Camp Signaling In Chemosensory Transduction, Craig D. Roberts
Camp Signaling In Chemosensory Transduction, Craig D. Roberts
Open Access Dissertations
cAMP is a second messenger in a variety of chemosensory receptors, including taste buds and glucose-sensitive pancreatic beta-cells. cAMP is modulated during taste transduction, yet the significance of cAMP changes and the taste cell types in which they occur (Type I glial-like; Type II Receptor; Type III Presynaptic) remain unclear. I developed techniques to image real-time changes in intracellular cAMP in taste cells using genetically-encoded cAMP reporters. This FRET-based reporter permits one to measure single-cell cAMP levels with excellent spatial and temporal resolution (Zaccolo & Pozzan 2002, Science 295:1711). Using a biolistic approach I have transfected rat fungiform taste buds …
Receptor Functions Of The Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptpro, Amy E. Hower
Receptor Functions Of The Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Ptpro, Amy E. Hower
Open Access Dissertations
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulates many aspects of cell growth and differentiation. Since cellular tyrosine phosphorylation levels are controlled by the antagonizing actions of the protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), these enzymes play a direct role in regulating processes as diverse as oncogenesis and neuronal development. In particular, the transmembrane group of PTPs, known as the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), has been linked to regulation of axon growth and guidance during development and regeneration. The regulation of activity of these RPTPs is of clear importance, yet the fundamental mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood. …