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The Status Of Woman Suffrage In Virginia 1909-1920, Betty C. Pitts

Honors Theses

The woman suffrage movement in Virginia, as in other parts of the nation, must be viewed within the total context of reform which pervaded in the first two decades of the twentieth century in America. The evils associated with the industrial revolution, mass immigration, and the urban crisis produced in the minds of men and women a favorable climate for sweeping sociological changes. Despite the receptive attitudes of individual men and women, the woman suffrage movement could never have been successful without "a heroic mustering of effort....," which has never since been achieved by this same group expect during a …

The English Public Health Movement, 1838-1848, Rebecca Dale

Honors Theses

Parliament passed its first comprehensive public health act in 1848. Prior to that time Britain as well as other European countries had mostly just tolerated insanitary conditions.

In English medieval towns people threw their garbage onto the narrow streets where animals--pigs, cattle, ducks--roamed, Houses were built with projections over the streets which blocked light and ventilation. There were few qualms about slaughtering animals on the streets. The common method of sewerage was by cesspools which in some cases were built underneath the houses and in most cases were cleaned out only once every several years by the "dust-collectors". Even in …

Government And Life In The Latin Kingdom Of Jerusalem, Jane S. Brantley

Honors Theses

It is the purpose of this paper to look at the government and way of life settlers established in Jerusalem and to investigate problems which led to its fall in 1187.

Talleyrand At The Congress Of Vienna, Laura J. Feller

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Conflict Of Interest : Some Selected Legislative Responses At The National And State Levels, Berndt Harry Bohm

Master's Theses

Finding solutions to conflict of interest situations is a never ending task. The basic difficulty revolves around the fact that each situation is somewhat different from another. What may be statutory relief for one situation may not be relief for another. This paper attempts to examine the possibility of statutory relief and presents certain selected examples of federal and state level legislation in the conflict of interest area. We begin with a general analysis of "gray-zone" conflict of interest and conclude with an evaluation of certain federal and state responses to conflict of interest situations.

The Effect Of Fading To Train B-D And P-Q Discrimination In Children With Specific Learning Disabilities, Janet L. Culbertson

Master's Theses

The present study was designed to assess the effective­ ness of a stimulus programming technique, fading, in teaching visual discrimination and name association to the letters b-d and p-q. The Ss were first and second grade children with diagnosed learning disabilities, who displayed a high frequency of reversal errors, particularly to the letters b-d and p-q. The study also provided a means of assessing the benefit of the fading technique in £s ability to read words and phrases, and discriminate b-d and p-q when they appear in the context of a nonsense syllable. The results indicated that the fading technique …

Measuring Attitudes Toward Work Of Males And Females From A Student Population And From A Bank Population, Edward Henry Foley

Master's Theses

An experiment was designed in order to measure the attitude toward work of 50 males and 50 females in a student sample and of 39 male managers and 39 female managers in a bank sample. The attitude scale, presented to the Ss, was designed by the author and contained 50 statements. Each of 44 statements pertained either to a Motivation factor, e.g. achievement, responsibility, etc. or to a Hygiene factor, e.g. salary, status, etc. with the remaining six used as Fillers. All statistical tests were performed at the .01 level of significance. An analysis of variance revealed a significant three …

The Search For Liberty In The Theatre Of Alfonso Sastre, Dorothy Thornton Hunter

Master's Theses

Alfonso Sastre, born in 1926, was a child during the Spanish Civil War. His temperament and personality were shaped by a Spain in the state of transition. He has seen coups d'états, dictatorship, a republic and monarchy. With each change of government Spain was searching for a way to unite her divided self, a self which had been divided since the Moors invaded Spain in the eighth century. Sastre has reflected Spain's search for liberty and has produced what he calls a "Theatre of Social Agitation, "the fundamental theme of which is revolution. With this type of theatre Sastre proposes …

Patterns Of The Negative Epic Quest And Three Modern Novels By Andre Gide, Louis-Ferdinand Celine, And Malcolm Lowry, John Robert Greer

Master's Theses

Many critics have approached the subject of modern epic, but like E. M. W. Tillyard, they dismiss "eccentric" literature from consideration on the claim that the execution of epic requires "balance" and "objectivity." It seems unfortunate to dismiss works that--while remaining essentially negativistic and subjective in their impact-uniquely capture the spirit of their milieu and refract in a singular way a "choric" effect (to borrow Tillyard's term); that is, "the unconscious metaphysic of a group." To accommodate the inverted comparison between epic and certain individuated works by modern authors, I here attempt to define a form I call the "negative …

A Political History Of The Poll Tax In Virginia, 1900-1950, Conley L. Edwards

Master's Theses

The poll tax occupies a unique place in Virginia's suffrage history. Basically a twentieth century device ostensibly originated to provide revenue for the state by requiring payment of a fee before the exercise of the franchise, there was probably no other practice quite as foreign to the expanding suffrage traditions of Virginia's history as the poll tax. The only precursor to this tax was a capitation tax levied intermittently, the first such tax appearing in 1623 in the form of a levy of ten pounds of tobacco to meet the debt arising from defenses against local Indians. Free Negroes and …

Sherwood Anderson, Christopher Sergel, And Winesburg, Ohio, Frank Stoddert Johns

Master's Theses

In 1936, Sherwood Anderson read a stage version of Winesburg, Ohio to his friends Roger and Christopher Sergel. For Anderson the play marked the culmination of his efforts at playwriting. He had adapted his finest collection of stories for the stage, and it would now be the responsibility of the theatre and particularly of his producer, Jasper Deeter, to see that the play succeeded. Deeter produced the play at the Hedgerow Theatre in 1937. Anderson had no doubts concerning the merits of his play.

For Christopher Sergel, however, Sherwood Anderson's reading was only a beginning. Anderson's masterpiece, he felt, had …

The Legal Status Of The Virginia High School Principal In Maintaining Pupil Discipline, Barry Jason Last

Master's Theses

This study will determine the legal position of a Virginia high school principal with respect to discipline. Is his position hindered continuously by court rulings? Many principals state that they cannot discipline effectively with the courts "breathing down their necks."

In comparing the questionnaires received from Virginia principals with a case law study of pupil control decisions, the question of legal limitations on the principal's authority may be resolved. Within the question of limita- tions, the determination of the legal points which either are not known or not understood by Virginia high school administrators can also be ascertained. As a …

Lord Birkenhead And The Irish Question, Robert Allen Armistead Kester

Master's Theses

The life of Frederick Edwin Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead (1872- 1930), was fascinating but puzzling. The second Earl of Birkenhead has described his father as "a brilliant failure," a man of tremendous intel­ ligence and talent who failed to reach the pinnacle of success. Most historians have confirmed this assessment but have added a somewhat sinis­ ter element to Birkenhead' s career. Birkenhead is generally depicted as a latter-day condottiere, reckless and unprincipled, who used his great gifts in any expedient or demagogic scheme that would advance his career.

This thesis is not a straightforward biography of Birkenhead but …

Differential Assessment Of Retrograde Amnesia Produced By Hypothermia Following One-Trial Avoidance Conditioning, Duane E. Brookhart

Master's Theses

Two different measures of the retention of avoidance conditioning, frequently used in the investigation of retrograde anmesia (RA), were examined. Rats were given a single training trial on either passive or active avoidance in a conventional black-white discrimination apparatus and step-through latencies were recorded. Task sequence, footshock and hypothermia were experimentally varied across eight groups of subjects. Each S was returned to the experimental apparatus 24 hours after training and given retention tests on both passive and active avoidance tasks. Test trial latencies failed to demonstrate any retention deficits attributable to RA, and both passive and active avoidance test latencies …

Synthesis And Selected Reactions Of [Pi]-(Arene) Chromium Tricarbonyls, Anthony L. Scaggs

Master's Theses

This project was concerned wit hthe preparation of two pi-(arene)-chromium tricarbonyl compounds that could serve as a synthetic intermediates to more complex systems. These intermediates would be particularly well-suited for the preparation of mono-complexed diaryl compounds. The two intermediates selected were pi-(acetophenone) chromium tricarbonyl and pi-(benzyl bromide) chromium tricarbonyl. After the intermediates had been synthesized, their utility in several selected reactions was to be examined.

Aromatic Solvent Induced Shifts Of Trifluoromethyl Pyrazoles, Manuel Constantine Bourlas

Master's Theses

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been used to study the keto-enol equilibrium in a number of trifluoro­methyl S-diketones as well as the dihydropyrazoles obtained when these S- diketones are reacted with thiosemicarbazide. The technique of Aromatic Solvent-Induced Shifts (ASIS) has been used to study the geometry of the collision complex and the strength of the association between solute and solvent. From the data presented, the stereochemistry of these pyrazoles has been determined and a reaction mechanism for their formation has been proposed.

Weight Loss As An Operant Response, John Emerich Orban

Master's Theses

The present study was designed to show that reinforcing a loss of' body weight relative to a previous measurement would affect an increase in the frequency of' trials during which a weight loss was observed. Volunteer females who reported problematic eating leading to overweight served as Ss. Baseline data were collected indicating each S's daily body weight and the median amount of daily body weight change across baseline. Ss were then reinforced for any daily weight loss which exceeded this median value. An extinction period followed during which no reinforcement followed a weight loss. The data failed to indicate either …

Verbal Conflict Resolution As Related To The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey And The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, Douglass R. Bloomfield

Master's Theses

Eleven Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey Scale scores and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale scores of 80 Ss were related in four multiple regression equations to average resolution times of Approach-Approach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Double Approach-Avoidance Verbal Conflicts and an average time of all conflict types. The four multiple correlations, however, were not significant. Females displayed significantly shorter times for Double Approach-Avoid­ance resolution than males. No significant sex differences were found for Approach-Approach or Avoidance-Avoidance conflict type resolution.

Low drive Ss as defined by the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale did not significantly differ in times to resolve all conflict types compared to hig.h drive …

Differential Approaches To The Reduction Of Phobic Anxiety Responses, Bruce W. Bundy

Master's Theses

This experiment was designed to answer two questions: (1) Is relaxation training a necessary element in the reduction of phobic anxiety responses? and (2) Does reciprocal inhibition by relaxation constitute the most viable conceptual basis for the successful operation of desensitization therapy, as compared to alternative interpretations investigated? An equal number of freshman and sophomore college students were assigned to one of three experimental groups and a control group (Reciprocal Inhibition, Habituation, Facilitation, and Control). Treatment effects were evaluated with regard to reduction of snake-phobic anxiety by way of two physiological measures (skin conductance and respiration) and a behavioral measure …

The Effect Of Functional Cecotomy On Food And Water Intake In The Rat, Stephen P. Farr

Master's Theses

The effect of functional ceco tomy on ingestion and excretory behavior in the rat was viewed as a short term (ST) and long term (LT) stress adjustment. Findings in bo th ST and LT conditio ns were discussed in terms of the Mayerian parameters of precision, rapidity, sensitivity, and reliability. Under functional cecotomy water intake, fecal moisture content and dry fecal weight increased. Food intake remained constant. Stress adjustment in terms of the 4 parameters of ST and LT regulation were discussed as correlations and their accompanying standard errors over daily, 3-day, and 7-day time intervals. The standard error s …

Martial's And Juvenal's Attitudes Toward Women, Lawrence Phillips Davis

Master's Theses

The thesis offers a comparison between the views of Martial and Juvenal toward women based on selected Epigrams of the former and Satire VI of the latter. Such a comparison allows the reader to place in perspective the attitudes of both authors in regard to the fairer sex and reveals at least a portion of the psychological inclination of both writers.

Characters As Functions Of Landscape In Seven Poems By Lawrence Durrell, Richard King Leroy

Master's Theses

No single theory explaining the creative process has won the assent of writers and critics. Most scholars agree that the process has sub-conscious origins and that it concludes only when the last revisions reveal the entire finished composition. However, the act of creation is de- pendent upon numerous aesthetic factors, and artists have given credit to various stimuli which have produced their special inspiration.

Effects Of Temperature And Ph On The Growth And Composition Of The Sporophyte And Gametophyte Generations Of Allomyces Arbusculus Butler (1911), Lawrence Wayne Lenz

Master's Theses

Pure cultures of the sporophyte and gametophyte generations of Allomyces arbusculus Butler (1911) were grown under varied conditions of temperature and pH. On solid media the gametophyte did not grow at 10 and 15 C; the sporophyte began slow growth after a long lag period at 15 C. There were no significant differences in growth between the sporophyte and gametophyte at 20 and 25 C. Increasing colony areas occurred for both generations at temperatures between 30 and 40 C, with the largest amount of growth for either generation at 35 C.

Colonies grown in broth media at various pH levels …

Changes In The (Na+ K+) - Dependent Atpase Activity In Gills Of The Euryhaline Teleost, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Upon Adaptation To Freshwater And Salt Water As Determined By Specific Activities And 3h - Ouabain Binding Sites, Mary Elizabeth Gilman

Master's Theses

Previous attempts to measure the (Na⁺+K⁺) - dependent ATPase in gills of euryhaline teleosts have yielded controversial results. In this study both the (Na⁺+K⁺) - dependent ATPase activity and the number of JH - ouabain binding sites, representing the number of ATPase molecules, were measured in gill tissue preparations of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. The (Na⁺+K⁺) dependent ATPase activity and ouabain binding sites were greater in gills of fish fully adapted to freshwater than in those adapted to salinities of 17 ppt or 24 ppt. On the other …

An Interpretation Of Ecstasy As Found In The Poetry Of Emily Dickinson, Thomas B. Mccary

Master's Theses

Emily Dickinson was indeed used to grief, as the record of her life clearly indicates. She was disappointed in love and and disappointed in her efforts to achieve literary fame. Yet there was moments of happiness and even ecstasy in Emily Dickinson's life. The purpose of this thesis is to examine those moments of ecstatic elevation--the "Soul's Superior instants" as Emily called them--in order to achieve a better insight into the mind of the poet and the nature of often curious verse.

An examination of ecstasy requires a study of Emily's religious background her psychological make-up. It also behooves the …

Predicting Primary Productivity In Westhampton Lake, Richmond, Virginia., Gary Newton Moore

Master's Theses

Several predictive photosynthetic models were tested using light, temperature, nutrient, chlorophyll, and primary productivity data collected from Westhampton Lake, Richmond, Virginia from February-September, 1972. A simple linear model, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, was used to relate photosynthesis to individual meteorological, physical, chemical, and biological factors. iii Of the parameters measured, only the daily maximum photosynthetic efficiency ((P/chl) max ) was significantly correlated with photosynthesis. Five multiple factor (non-linear) models were tested. In the best fitting model, primary productivity was a function of the maximum observed ratio of photosynthesis/chlorophyll concentration, light intensity, temperature, nutrient concentrations, and chlorophyll concentration. The Pearson …

Characteristicas Psicologicas De "El SeñOr Presidente De Miguel Angel Asturias, Estela Alonso Pandiello

Master's Theses

El objetivo del presente estudio es de llegar a conclusiones sabre las caracteristicas psicol6gicas y alteraciones psiquicas de los principales personajes y los efectos de esas alteraciones en la sociedad, tal como son expuestas por Miguel Angel Asturias eri una de sus novelas de mas resonancia e impacto emocional en el lector y en el estudioso de la literatura hispanoamericana: "El Sefior Presidente".

An Orientation Of The Theoretical Aspects Of Verbs In English, Mostafa Hedayatnia

Master's Theses

Traditional grammar originated in Greece in the fifth century B.C. and has been closely connected with philosophy and literary criticism ever since. Through the course of centuries, numerous grammars have been presented, with new ideas and definitions each "varying greatly in purpose, quality, basic assumption, and method of analysis." Each system of grammar has been productive in its own way as well as erroneous and has been succeeded by other systems still faulty. Consequently, in spite of the tremendous amount of theoretical data processed by investigators and experts, neither an explicit nor a complete grammar of a language has ever …

"Mercy Seasons Justice", Robert Freeman Davidson

Master's Theses

This is a study of the development of the mind of William Shakespeare as it relates to justice which tries to show how certain of Shakespeare's beliefs and theories, those shared by most of his con­ temporaries, were altered in the course of that development. The plays chosen for this treatment of the mind of Shakespeare -- the historically related cycle of Richard II, Henry IV (I and II), Henry V, Henry VI (I, II, and III), and Richard III -- show the ideas in question in greater abundance than any other of Shakespeare's plays. The historical grouping consists …

The Nature Of Miniature Melanocytes In Murine Epidermis, John Thomas Earnhardt

Master's Theses

In the epidermis of PET/Wmr mice the population of melanocytes reaches a peak and begins to decline during the first postnatal week, and has disappeared within four weeks. During this period a small number of weakly DOPA reactive miniature melanocytes are seen dispersed among the generally large, highly DOPA reactive melano­cytes typical of the animal. These miniature melanocytes appear early, are among the last to disappear, and their population remains relatively constant against the drastically changing population of typical melanocytes. In attempts to determine the nature of the miniature melanocytes, heterologous grafting was employed whereby the melanocytes were subjected to …