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Temperature Effects On An Axon’S Ability To Maintain Phasing Of A Rhythmic Motor System, Marissa Elaine Cruz
Temperature Effects On An Axon’S Ability To Maintain Phasing Of A Rhythmic Motor System, Marissa Elaine Cruz
Theses and Dissertations
The precise timing of action potentials generated in the nervous system is crucial for generating adequate behavior. Once generated, action potentials travel along axons towards the neurons or muscles they innervate. Axons are also responsible for preserving the temporal fidelity of the generated action potentials. One challenge axons face is that they can be of considerable length, and exposed to changes in internal and external conditions. Temperature fluctuations, for example, affect the ion channels that generate and propagate action potentials causing changes in action potential speed. It is unclear if, and how, the timing of action potentials can be preserved …
Kinetic Characterization Of Listeria Monocytogenes 2-C- Methyl-D-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase ( Cms ) Enzymes Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography ( Hplc ), Mark Oblazny
Theses and Dissertations
Infectious diseases, with increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, coupled with the declining rate in discovery of antimicrobial agents, impose one of the most significant threats to human health. Here we identify 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CMS) as a valid target for antibiotic development which is an enzyme in pathogenic organisms that leads to the biosynthesis of isoprene precursor molecules. Isoprene molecules are one of nature’s most common building blocks that are vital to many biological metabolic processes and are synthesized via the mevalonic acid dependent (MVA), or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Vertebrates utilize the MVA pathway, while many pathogenic bacteria …
The Biochemical Assessment Of Two Secreted Acid Phosphatases From Leishmania Tarentolae, Their Response To Electric Fields, Glycosidase Incubation, And / Or Vanadium, Benjamin M. Dorsey
The Biochemical Assessment Of Two Secreted Acid Phosphatases From Leishmania Tarentolae, Their Response To Electric Fields, Glycosidase Incubation, And / Or Vanadium, Benjamin M. Dorsey
Theses and Dissertations
Leishmaniasis, as defined by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, is a neglected tropical disease with 1.6 million new cases reported each year. However, there is yet to be safe, effective, and affordable treatments provided to those affected by this disease1. Still underappreciated as a potential pharmaceutical targets, especially for cutaneous leishmaniasis infections, are the two isozymes of secreted acid phosphatase (SAP); secreted acid phosphatase 1 (SAP1) and secreted acid phosphatase 2 (SAP2). These enzymes are involved in the survival of the parasite in the sand fly vector, and the prevention of host macrophages from forming parasitophorous vacuole and …
The Physical And Psychological Effects Of Standing Desks In Office Workers, Hannah Dohm
The Physical And Psychological Effects Of Standing Desks In Office Workers, Hannah Dohm
Theses and Dissertations
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine differences in energy expenditure between sitting and standing conditions in typically sedentary office workers. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if there are mindset differences with regards to job boredom, job stress, and job satisfaction between conditions. METHODS: Participants (N = 26, 4 males and 22 females) were from two moderately sized communities in the Midwest that had standing desk options available to them. Data was collected using BodyMedia SenseWear armbands for energy expenditure and self-reported Likert-scale surveys for psychological data. Intake data included sex, age, height, weight, …
Physical Activity And Associated Energy Intake In Undergraduate College Students, Erin Marie Fejes
Physical Activity And Associated Energy Intake In Undergraduate College Students, Erin Marie Fejes
Theses and Dissertations
Background: College students often develop unhealthy eating habits. Poor eating habits can lead to chronic disease.
Methods: Energy intake and physical activity data from 35 undergraduate students enrolled in a 100-level kinesiology class were recorded and analyzed. Energy intake data was self-reported, while physical activity data was recorded via an activity tracker.
Results: Data points were analyzed twice: each day separately and as averages for each participant. When analyzed as averages, grams of total fat and grams of carbohydrate were the most significantly correlated with minutes of moderate to vigorous+ physical activity (both p<0.01). When analyzed by day, grams of protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar, and fiber were all found to be significantly correlated with minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity to the p≤0.01 level.
Conclusion: An increase in physical activity …
0.01).>The Efficiency Of Dna Repair Processes In Proximity Of G 4 Dna Structures, Gloria Alvarado
The Efficiency Of Dna Repair Processes In Proximity Of G 4 Dna Structures, Gloria Alvarado
Theses and Dissertations
Guanine-rich segments of genomes promote the formation of a four-stranded DNA structure called G-quadruplex (G4 DNA). While evolutionarily conserved, guanine repeats show increased rates of mutagenesis and instability, and this is likely associated with G4 formation. In this thesis, I sought to clarify the molecular sources of genetic instability by testing the repair, excision, and synthesis through guanine-rich DNA. Using E. coli UDG and human SMUG1, I found that uracil is inefficiently repaired in proximity to G4 DNA in vitro. Investigation of E. coli exonuclease III and exonuclease I activity indicated that G4 DNA is a block to activity and …
Desert Within A City: Exploring The Relationship Between Food Security, Diet, And Body Mass Index, Jamey Ann Baietto
Desert Within A City: Exploring The Relationship Between Food Security, Diet, And Body Mass Index, Jamey Ann Baietto
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Food deserts are areas of decreased access to nutritious and affordable foods. Residing within a defined food desert is thought to decrease consumption of produce, dairy, and whole grains and increase consumption of energy-dense foods as well as body mass index (BMI).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the level of food security on consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, high-sugar foods, high-fat foods, and BMI.
Design: A one-time, self-administered data collection packet was sent to residents of a food desert. The Dietary Screener Questionnaire was utilized to determine the average daily …
Scheduling Recess: Perceptions Of Lunchroom Supervisors, Teachers, And Principal, Reilly Layne Mckinnis
Scheduling Recess: Perceptions Of Lunchroom Supervisors, Teachers, And Principal, Reilly Layne Mckinnis
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of elementary school staff in regards to scheduling recess after or before lunch and the effect each schedule had on students.
Methods
This research was conducted in Fall 2016 when a Midwestern elementary school had recess after lunch (RAL) and in Spring 2017 when the same school had recess before lunch (RBL). A mixed methods approach was used. Nineteen teachers completed a Likert-scale survey, six of whom completed both the pre- and post-survey. One principal and five lunchroom supervisors participated in individual semi-structured interviews pertaining to their perceptions of …
Evaluating The Evidence And Assessing Registered Dietitian Nutritionists' Perceptions Of The Complex Renal Dietary Restrictions, Alyssa Lee Welte
Evaluating The Evidence And Assessing Registered Dietitian Nutritionists' Perceptions Of The Complex Renal Dietary Restrictions, Alyssa Lee Welte
Theses and Dissertations
The renal diet is often regarded as challenging to teach and follow, and can easily lead to additional complications, including malnutrition. Recent trends in the literature have suggested a liberalization in the renal diet, though no studies have assessed whether Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) are comfortable making this change. An original, cross-sectional survey was created for this study. 187 renal dietitians completed the survey which revealed that only 15.3% of participants felt it is acceptable to liberalize the standard dietary restriction on fruits and vegetables, and 13.6% said the same about the bean and legume restriction. 19.9% are extremely likely …
Elucidating The Molecular Parameters And Mechanism Of Homology Searching During Meiosis In Neurospora Crassa, Nicholas Adam Rhoades
Elucidating The Molecular Parameters And Mechanism Of Homology Searching During Meiosis In Neurospora Crassa, Nicholas Adam Rhoades
Theses and Dissertations
Integration of foreign DNA into a host genome is often detrimental to the host organism, as the DNA is often of viral or transposon origin. Many organisms have established DNA surveillance and genome integrity mechanisms to defend against these harmful DNA insertions. Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus belonging to the Ascomycota group, has several DNA defense mechanisms to combat foreign DNA integration to its genome. One such mechanism is Meiotic Silencing of Unpaired DNA (MSUD). During meiosis, this remarkable system can detect unpaired genes on homologous chromosomes during sexual reproduction and silence their expression throughout meiosis. In order for the …
Students’ Time In Their Heart Rate Zone With And Without Polar Display, Amy Marzano
Students’ Time In Their Heart Rate Zone With And Without Polar Display, Amy Marzano
Theses and Dissertations
The lack of physical activity (PA) and rise in sedentary behavior has become an increasing problem in the United States (Owen, Sparling, Healy, Dunstan & Matthews, 2010). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) recommends sixty minutes of daily PA for young people ages 6-17 (CDC, 2013). Despite this recommendation, the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data reported that only 24% of youth 12-15 years of age were obtaining sixty minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) every day (Fakhouri, et al., 2014). Physical education (PE) is one of the few environments where all children are …
Exploring The Biogeography Of South American Rainforest Understory Birds Using Morphological Variation In The Wedge-Billed Woodcreeper ( Glyphorynchus Spirurus ), Gregory Tito
Theses and Dissertations
Tropical rainforests in the Amazon Basin show an extraordinarily high degree of biodiversity, the reasons for which are poorly understood. A number of biogeographical models have been proposed to account for the variation present within and among species, including birds. This study tests the predictive ability of six major historical vicariant biogeographical models (Andean uplift, marine incursion, Amazonian lake, river barrier, refuge, and river refuge) using a large data set of morphological characters in the Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus), a small understory songbird found mostly in terra firme tropical rain forest. It also characterizes variation in key morphological characters and …
The Mechanistic Requirements Of Passive H+ Import Through The Na, K-Atpase, Kevin S. Stanley
The Mechanistic Requirements Of Passive H+ Import Through The Na, K-Atpase, Kevin S. Stanley
Theses and Dissertations
This work focuses on the elucidation of the mechanism of passive proton import through the Na,K-ATPase. This enzyme uses the energy in ATP hydrolysis to exchange three intracellular Na+ for two extracellular K+ to maintain ion gradients within the cell, and while in the absence of physiological external Na+ and K+, the phosphorylated externally open (E2P) conformation passively imports protons, generating an inward current (IH). Chapter one reports on the effects of intracellular cations and nucleotides to shift the Na,K-ATPase into the E2P conformation. We identified that a combination of either internal Na+ and ATP or K+ and Pi. In …
Differences In Lower Limb Kinetics In College Age Female Gymnasts To Coaches’ Perceived Efficiency In A Specific Counter Movement Jump Technique, Stephen Christopher Avgerinos
Differences In Lower Limb Kinetics In College Age Female Gymnasts To Coaches’ Perceived Efficiency In A Specific Counter Movement Jump Technique, Stephen Christopher Avgerinos
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports the results of a quantitative research project which examined kinetics of female collegiate gymnasts aged 18 to 21 performing a ‘punching’ counter-movement jump (CMJ) technique that is taught and required for exemplar scoring during NCAA competition. Twelve female gymnasts were recruited from the competitive team at Illinois State University. Participation was voluntary and athletes were not compensated. Each gymnast performed 8 punch-CMJ trials without coaching instruction except to perform a punching CMJ. The method of performing this CMJ began by stepping off from a 33 cm elevation, ‘punching’ off the force plates, and finishing with a landing …
Identification Of Novel Nuclear Proteins Required For Meiotic Silencing By Unpaired Dna In Neurospora Crassa, Dilini Ralalage
Identification Of Novel Nuclear Proteins Required For Meiotic Silencing By Unpaired Dna In Neurospora Crassa, Dilini Ralalage
Theses and Dissertations
A fundamental step that occurs during sexual reproduction is meiosis, which is a specialized type of cell division. During meiosis, pairs of chromosomes exchange genetic information via recombination. At this point, the genome is particularly susceptible to viruses and other foreign genetic invasions. Therefore, it is important to protect the genome to prevent the transmission of foreign genetic materials to the offspring. There are several mechanisms work together to protect host genome from foreign genetic materials. These are known as “genome defense mechanisms”.
The fungus Neurospora crassa is one of the best organisms for genome defense studies due to the …
Altered Na, K- Atpase Isoform Expression In Artemia Franciscana In Response To Hypersaline Environments, Jessica Drenth
Altered Na, K- Atpase Isoform Expression In Artemia Franciscana In Response To Hypersaline Environments, Jessica Drenth
Theses and Dissertations
The Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is an essential membrane pump that helps to establish cell ion gradients, and regulate intracellular salt in many organisms. One such species, Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp), extreme halophiles which live in hypersaline environments, expresses 2 distinct α-catalytic subunits of the NKA. One of these subunits, α2-(KK), has two key lysine substitutions located within the cation binding sites. Prior work has demonstrated this specific subunit may be directly involved in brine shrimp adaptation to their extreme environments. However, the precise molecular and physiological effects of α2-(KK) have not been entirely elucidated. I determined through immunohistochemistry that my initial …
Nutrient Loading Reduction In A Tile Drained Agricultural Watershed Through Watershed-Scale Cover Cropping: A High Resolution Analysis, Benjamin Gerald Bruening
Nutrient Loading Reduction In A Tile Drained Agricultural Watershed Through Watershed-Scale Cover Cropping: A High Resolution Analysis, Benjamin Gerald Bruening
Theses and Dissertations
Nutrient pollution originating from agricultural regions in the Midwest is a serious issue, leading to pollution of drinking water sources as well as large hypoxic zones in the Gulf of Mexico. The source of much of this contamination has been shown to be runoff from agricultural fields in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. One method that has been shown to reduce this pollution from the Upper Mississippi River Basin is the planting of winter cover crops. Winter cover crops such as rye and tillage radish have been shown to significantly reduce nitrate exported from agricultural fields, even in tile-drained watersheds …
Creating A Scaling Relationship Between Peak Discharge And Drainage Area To Identify Tile Drainage Inputs Into An Agricultural Stream, Ryan Plath
Theses and Dissertations
Tile drains have been shown to contribute to high levels of nitrate in agricultural streams. Locations of tile drains on a watershed scale, however, are often unknown due to tile drains being located on many separate parcels of private property. This study evaluates the ability of a methodology, using scaling relationships between discharge and drainage area, for locating areas of large tile drainage contribution to Money Creek, in McLean County, Illinois. Additionally, this study examines the difference in scaling relationships and physical stream hydrology between tileflow and no-tileflow conditions. Eight stream sites were created in the watershed, that recorded stage …
Determining The Effects Of Sulfur Fertility Levels On Edamame Soybean [ Glycine Max ( L. ) Merrill ] Protein Components, Theoneste Nzaranyimana
Determining The Effects Of Sulfur Fertility Levels On Edamame Soybean [ Glycine Max ( L. ) Merrill ] Protein Components, Theoneste Nzaranyimana
Theses and Dissertations
Edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] a vegetable type soybean is harvested and consumed before reaching its maturity stage (R6). Its health properties drew attention to U.S. consumers because of its high protein content. Proteins are the major structural component of all cells in the living organisms. They are made of essential and non-essential amino acids which play a big role in growth and development and are source of energy. Proteins act as enzymes, antibodies, and hormones and blood protein. Sulfur (S) is a component of the amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) which are the building blocks for proteins. …
The Effects Of Dietary Intake On Fuel Metabolism During Aerobic Capacity Exercise, Taylor Lynn Stephenson
The Effects Of Dietary Intake On Fuel Metabolism During Aerobic Capacity Exercise, Taylor Lynn Stephenson
Theses and Dissertations
In order to produce mechanical energy through muscular activity, the body must oxidize chemical energy, carbohydrate, fat, or protein through metabolic processes, which then results in the production of ATP as mechanical energy through exercise. Total body metabolism, specifically skeletal muscle depends on factors such as the intensity and duration of exercise, substrate availability, and Training status. During exercise at low intensities (25% of VO2 max) fat is the primary macronutrient that is oxidized for energy. As the exercise intensity progresses, (65% of VO2 max) there is an alteration in skeletal muscle utilization, which results in mainly the use of …
Intervention Effects Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program Utilized By A Public University, Krista B. Deceault
Intervention Effects Of An Eating Disorder Prevention Program Utilized By A Public University, Krista B. Deceault
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Negative body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders affect large numbers of young women each year. The use of dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs in college-aged women has been shown to improve how women feel about their bodies and better equip women for challenging stereotypes that exist in the culture today.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intervention strategies of the “Body Project,” an eating disorder prevention program, and assess the effectiveness on reducing five eating disorder risk factors; thin-ideal internalization, diet restraint, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and eating disorder symptoms.
Design: Two years of …
The Mediating Effect Of Self-Determined Motivation In Student-Athlete Perceptions Of Coaching Behaviors And Its Effect On Grit And Mental Toughness, Lloyd Scharneck
The Mediating Effect Of Self-Determined Motivation In Student-Athlete Perceptions Of Coaching Behaviors And Its Effect On Grit And Mental Toughness, Lloyd Scharneck
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this current study was to examine the relationship between coaching behaviors, grit, mental toughness, and motivation. I hypothesized that coaching behaviors would have an indirect influence on grit and mental toughness through the motivational orientations of athletes. To examine these relationships, we surveyed 219 student athletes from Midwestern universities using valid and reliable measures assessing the key constructs in this study. Results revealed significant positive relationships between autonomy-supportive coaching, grit, mental toughness and autonomous motivation. Significant negative relationships between controlling coach, grit, and mental toughness were also found. Path analysis revealed two major findings. A significant positive …
Comparison Of Clinician Assisted Versus Unassisted Pnf Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility, Isometric Force Output, And Maximum Vertical Jump Height, Joel T. Lockhart
Comparison Of Clinician Assisted Versus Unassisted Pnf Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility, Isometric Force Output, And Maximum Vertical Jump Height, Joel T. Lockhart
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Hamstring strains are among one of the most common acute injuries that occur in soccer players. Previous research has shown that reduced hamstring flexibility is a risk factor for injury, however this is modifiable through stretching. Some stretching techniques have contributed to decreased performance on measures important to success in sport. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is one effective stretching technique to improve hamstring flexibility, but requires a trained partner or clinician to perform properly. It is unknown if the performance of PNF stretching without a clinician’s assistance could be as effective. It is also unknown if PNF stretching affects …
The Effects Of Trx Suspension Training On An Asymmetrical Weight Shift During A Double-Leg Squat, Samantha J. Shruck
The Effects Of Trx Suspension Training On An Asymmetrical Weight Shift During A Double-Leg Squat, Samantha J. Shruck
Theses and Dissertations
Context: It is estimated that 54% of all sport related injuries are to the lower extremity, specifically the knee and ankle. Following injury, many individuals demonstrate an asymmetrical weight shift during a double-leg squat, which may increase risk of further injury. Asymmetries are driven by a variety of factors including range of motion and neuromuscular control. The goal of rehabilitation is to identify asymmetrical movement and utilize evidence-based techniques to retrain deficient movement patterns. The double-leg squat is a reliable movement task to identify asymmetrical weight shifts. Based on the theory and purpose of suspension training (TRX), it may be …
Agronomic And Economic Implications Of Cover Crop Inclusion Within Varying Nitrogen Management Strategies In Central Illinois, Richard T. Roth
Agronomic And Economic Implications Of Cover Crop Inclusion Within Varying Nitrogen Management Strategies In Central Illinois, Richard T. Roth
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis contains a comprehensive analysis of research investigating the impacts of nitrogen application timing and cover crops on the biomass production, nitrogen uptake, and cash crop grain yield in subsequent cash crops. Also contained within this thesis is a cost benefit analysis for the implementation of cover crops within varying nitrogen management systems, which assigns value to the environmental benefits of cover crops and determines their potential to recover the implementation costs associated with cover crops.
Alterations In Foot Positioning During Ankle Taping And Its Effects On Range Of Motion And Jump Performance In Dancers, Eilish Anderson
Alterations In Foot Positioning During Ankle Taping And Its Effects On Range Of Motion And Jump Performance In Dancers, Eilish Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
Context: A closed basket-weave ankle tape application is commonly used by healthcare professionals in order to give support to the athlete’s ankle during activity. This closed basket-weave ankle tape is used to prevent the ankle joint from going into excessive plantarflexion and inversion. Previous research has demonstrated traditional ankle taping techniques, with the ankle in a dorsiflexed position, reduces range of motion at the ankle. Due to the extreme demands placed on the ankle during dancing, which often requires the dancer to place the ankle in a maximally plantarflexed position, it is unclear how taping in this position affects range …
The Influence Of Corrective Exercises On Functional Movement Screen And Physical Fitness Performance In Army Rotc Cadets, Marissa Jae Basar
The Influence Of Corrective Exercises On Functional Movement Screen And Physical Fitness Performance In Army Rotc Cadets, Marissa Jae Basar
Theses and Dissertations
Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a screening tool designed to identify limitations in mobility and stability throughout the body. The existing literature has demonstrated the FMS is effective at identifying movement dysfunctions; however, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness or improving FMS scores through individual corrective exercises. Theoretically, improving functional movement may provide assistance in improving physical performance and potentially decrease occurrence of injury. Objective: To examine if an individualized corrective exercise program is effective at improving FMS scores in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. In addition, the study aimed to correlate improvements in composite FMS …
The Effectiveness Of A 4-Week Yoga Intervention On The Activation And Timing Of Transverse Abdominis And Lumbar Multifidus, Pain And Functional Disability Among Healthy And Low Back Pain Participants, Tamara Sagadore
Theses and Dissertations
Low back pain (LBP) poses a significant long-term health problem and requires the exploration of complementary alternative medicines, such as yoga. LBP patients often present with a delay in the onset of contraction of core musculature, which is necessary to stabilize the spine in dynamic movements. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, it was to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week yoga intervention on the timing of muscle activation and activation ratio of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles among all participants. Second, it was to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week yoga intervention on …
Association Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake With Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Adolescents, Jonathan C. Grimwood
Association Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake With Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Adolescents, Jonathan C. Grimwood
Theses and Dissertations
An association has been established between total dietary energy intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents. However, there is little research examining specific dietary components, such as fruit and vegetable intake. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this research is to determine if an association exists between fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake and CRF in adolescents. A secondary purpose of this study is to determine if an association exists between F/V intake and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A sample of 424 adolescents (234 males and 190 females), age 10-18 years, completed the Dietary Behavior section of the Youth Risk Behavior …
The Therapeutic Effects Of Dry Cupping On Iliotibial Band Tightness, Madeline Marie Biehl
The Therapeutic Effects Of Dry Cupping On Iliotibial Band Tightness, Madeline Marie Biehl
Theses and Dissertations
Context: The iliotibial band (ITB) is a muscle-like structure on the outside of the thigh and plays a vital role in movement and can become tight if overused. This tightness can lead to a wide array of injuries in an otherwise healthy individual. Previous research has proved the need to treat a tight ITB, but techniques previously researched have not proven to be effective in reducing ITB tightness. Dry cupping is a method in which suction is generated from a vacuum-sealed cup using a pump in order to alleviate pain, reduce tightness, and promote healing. Recently, cupping has been used …