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Roman Empire

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Forging Romanitas: The Intersection Of Urbanization And Identity In Mérida, Raymond Puentes May 2024

Forging Romanitas: The Intersection Of Urbanization And Identity In Mérida, Raymond Puentes

FIU Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper aims to explore the role of urbanization in the formation of a shared Roman identity during the time of the Roman Empire. By examining the physical features of urban settlements and the economic opportunities that arose from them, it seeks to understand how these factors contributed to the development of a cohesive identity across the empire’s vast and diverse territory. This paper will use examples from cities in the western regions of the empire, such as Pompeii and Mérida, to demonstrate how urbanization and the economic opportunities it brought forth helped create a sense of Romanness among diverse …


The Last True Roman: The Influence Of Justinian The Great On Early Medieval Byzantium, 527-1025, Reece P. Pockat Feb 2024

The Last True Roman: The Influence Of Justinian The Great On Early Medieval Byzantium, 527-1025, Reece P. Pockat

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper deals with the long-term impacts of the reign of Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great within the realms of military, political, and religious affairs. By utilizing the writings of the Byzantine historian Procopius, a contemporary of Justinian, as well as the writings of modern historians, the goal of the paper is to show the extent to which Justinian's influence is felt throughout the Early Middle Ages, defined in this essay as the period from 467 to 1100.


The George-Anne Daily, Georgia Southern University Oct 2023

The George-Anne Daily, Georgia Southern University

The George-Anne Newsletters

No abstract provided.


The George-Anne Reflector Magazine Newsletter, Georgia Southern University Sep 2023

The George-Anne Reflector Magazine Newsletter, Georgia Southern University

Reflector Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Beyond Romanization: An Indigenous Study Of Cultural Change In Classical Britain, Brooke Prevedel May 2023

Beyond Romanization: An Indigenous Study Of Cultural Change In Classical Britain, Brooke Prevedel

Student Research Submissions

The Roman Empire is among the best-known empires in the world, renowned for unifying vastly different peoples and lands. The process of these unifications was, at times, something resembling peaceful, but was at other times much more violent. Regardless of the method of acquisition, peoples brought into the Roman Empire always experienced some degree of cultural change. The modern study of this cultural change has most often been examined through the lens of Romanization, a mostly one-way transfer of Roman cultural practices onto the conquered territory and culture. Romanization, however, presents too narrow and too historically imperialist an approach to …


Reflections Across Religions: A Historical Examination Of Common Themes In Zoroastrianism, Judaism, And Christianity, Jason Heckert May 2023

Reflections Across Religions: A Historical Examination Of Common Themes In Zoroastrianism, Judaism, And Christianity, Jason Heckert

Graduate Theses

In the sixth century BCE, the largest empire in the world at the time, the Persian Empire, adopted a monotheistic religion that was based on the teachings of a prophet named Zoroaster. As one of the world’s oldest religions, Zoroastrianism impacted the beliefs and traditions of Judaism and early Christianity. Similarities among these religions include the ideas of hierarchy among good and evil spirits, actions on earth determining one’s place in an afterlife, apocalyptic themes, and dualism. Zoroastrian beliefs found their way into early Christian culture. The remnants of Zoroastrianism in mainstream Christianity underscores the influence of that ancient Persian …


The Political Power Of Roman Empress Julia Domna, 193-217 C.E., Abigail Sanchez May 2023

The Political Power Of Roman Empress Julia Domna, 193-217 C.E., Abigail Sanchez

Whittier Scholars Program

This research paper aims to analyze the extent of Roman Empress Julia Domna’s political power and how her power would have influenced the Roman empire. Roman women faced many limitations in the political world, including being unable to be elected to public office; however, Roman imperial women were in the unique position of being able to take up space in the political world. Empress Julia Domna’s role was symbolic and active, putting her nearly in equal standing to her husband, Emperor Septimius Severus, and her son, Emperor Caracalla. When considering the political limitations of Roman women, analyzing the extent of …


Paul's Attitude Towards Empire, Matthew Kwabena Appiah Jan 2023

Paul's Attitude Towards Empire, Matthew Kwabena Appiah

Master's Theses

The concept of imperialism has come to stay in the study of Paul and his letters. However, does contextual analysis of his selected texts support such claims of him being anti-imperial? Various arguments arise to challenge Paul to have used hidden codes and imperial ideology to counter the imperial propaganda of the Roman empire of his day. However, contextual analysis of Paul and his letters suggest otherwise. His pastoral care duties, coupled with a desire to win his natives, namely, the Jews, to accept Jesus Christ as the messiah prophesied in the Old Testament is key in his letters. Proponents …


Caught Not By Surprise: Captatio In Roman Satire And Law, Alisia Pan Aug 2021

Caught Not By Surprise: Captatio In Roman Satire And Law, Alisia Pan

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

What constitutes the legacies left behind by the Roman Empire and who has been empowered to evaluate their value and legitimacy? The Romans left wills, expressions of the most solemn and honest emotions prompted by a sense of duty and declarations which insured one’s remembrance in life and death. The authors left evaluations, through which the frequent appearance of certain topoi characterized vivid aspects of daily life and expected societal practices. Scholars are left conflicted. To reconstruct the social world of family, friends, enemies, and community members, it is necessary to interact with both literary and legal texts to understand …


Honors Project, Zachary M. Murray Apr 2021

Honors Project, Zachary M. Murray

Honors Theses

Accounting is an essential function of the operation of all businesses. Accounting is a vital function in the internal operations of all businesses because it is used to manage all monetary transactions. The American Accounting Association defines accounting as, “the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by the users of the information” (American Accounting Association). In the United States, the market size of the accounting industry as measured by revenue is $110 billion (Statista). For as long as humanity has been participating in trade and the process of buying and selling goods …


Aurelian And Sol Invictus: The Religious Revival Of Rome In The Third Century, Vincent Paczkoskie Jan 2021

Aurelian And Sol Invictus: The Religious Revival Of Rome In The Third Century, Vincent Paczkoskie

Masters Essays

No abstract provided.


Do All Roads Lead To Rome? Exploring The Underlying Logics Of Similar Policies And Practices Of Recruiting Barbarian Soldiers In Roman And Early Chinese Empires, Pengfei Su Jan 2021

Do All Roads Lead To Rome? Exploring The Underlying Logics Of Similar Policies And Practices Of Recruiting Barbarian Soldiers In Roman And Early Chinese Empires, Pengfei Su

Comparative Civilizations Review

There are many similarities between various aspects of the Roman and early Chinese empires, which have been the focus of much academic discussion. A wide range of comparative studies have been carried out and resulted in the publication of numerous research papers. Scholars have been using different approaches focusing upon different areas to address this very broad comparative topic. Detailed analyses were made to compare the two empires in respect to their coinage and monetary systems, state revenue and expenditures, elite formation and social class advancement, and executive decision-making processes, just to mention a few. In a broader context, the …


The End Is Upon Us: Attila The Hun And The Christian Apocalypse, Nathan Landrum Aug 2020

The End Is Upon Us: Attila The Hun And The Christian Apocalypse, Nathan Landrum

Masters Theses

Since their arrival onto the European landscape from beyond Scythia, the land north of the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains, the Huns were originally perceived by the Roman world as a seemingly unknowable, uncivilized barbarian group that instilled fear on the unfortunate peoples in their path. As the Huns migrated further south and eventually permanently settled in the Great Hungarian Plain, the Romans’ original perception largely remained intact, but with great alterations. By the campaigns of Attila in the mid-fifth century, as numerous cities and towns were utterly destroyed across the Balkans, Gaul, and northern Italy, Attila and the …


Censorship And Book-Burning In Imperial Rome And Egypt, Susan Rahyab May 2020

Censorship And Book-Burning In Imperial Rome And Egypt, Susan Rahyab

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis considers censorship and book-burning in imperial Rome and Egypt from Augustus to Diocletian (31 BCE-305 CE). In considering this phenomenon comparatively, this paper analyzes literary treason, the impact of the rise of an imperial government on censorship, the role of emperors in this suppression, and changing notions of subversive behavior.


Master To Pawn: Cicero's Involvement In The Collapse Of Republican Rome, Grady P. Moore May 2020

Master To Pawn: Cicero's Involvement In The Collapse Of Republican Rome, Grady P. Moore

Tenor of Our Times

This essay looks at the life of Cicero, focusing on his actions towards the end of the Roman Republic and his relationship with Octavian. The paper follows his rise to fame and power, then his actions during the chaotic civil wars of 1st century BC and the dictatorship of Julius Caesar, then finally the post-Caesar era and Cicero's eventual death. It focuses especially on his interactions with Octavian, and the unfortunate ending of their friendship.


"The Greatest In Human Memory": Reevaluating The Lydia Earthquake Of 17 A.D., Maxwell John Shiller Apr 2020

"The Greatest In Human Memory": Reevaluating The Lydia Earthquake Of 17 A.D., Maxwell John Shiller

Undergraduate Honors Papers

When Rome formally established the province of Asia in 129 B.C., solidifying its recognition as the new political authority was a complex issue. Three Roman civil wars raged, republicanism was destroyed, and Emperor Augustus ushered in the newly-minted Roman Empire. Choosing the right side during these volatile times was a dangerous affair. Following the firm establishment of the Roman Empire under the victorious Augustus, however, Imperial authority could rightfully promise stability for the provincials of Asia under Roman governance. The gears of political change began to wheel about in Asia as Imperial officials superseded provincial Greek magistrates. From the Roman …


Writing Systems As A Reflection Of Ancient Societies, Sarah M. Gripshover Apr 2020

Writing Systems As A Reflection Of Ancient Societies, Sarah M. Gripshover

Honors Theses

This thesis examines the writing systems of two ancient societies: the Latin alphabet as a writing system within the Roman Empire and the hieroglyphic writing system within the Maya city-state. This thesis first situates writing as a technology and explains the common uses of writing systems in modern contexts, before turning to an examination of the past. Next, basic literary patterns—including estimated literacy rates, education patterns and opportunities, types of documents, and themes within writing—are examined within the context of both societies. After evaluating these literary patterns, as well as the social, political, and economic organization of both societies, this …


Gems Of Gods And Mortals: The Changing Symbolism Of Pearls Throughout The Roman Empire, Emily Hallman Apr 2020

Gems Of Gods And Mortals: The Changing Symbolism Of Pearls Throughout The Roman Empire, Emily Hallman

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Born in the wombs of shells and polished by mother nature herself, pearls were regarded as gifts from the gods. For millennia, the creation of pearls was credited to the tears of heavenly creatures or the formation of sun-touched dewdrops. Countless civilizations, both Western and Non-Western, have their own myths and legends surrounding the pearl, a mark of their mysterious allure. The artform of jewelry, favored by the Roman aristocracy, took advantage of naturally perfected pearls to create stunning pieces with staggering prices. The pearl’s meaning evolved throughout the Roman Empire and into Early Christian Rome, setting up a contradictory …


Colonialism In Perspective: A Comparative Bioarchaeological Study Of Quality Of Life Before And During Roman Conquest, Meredith M. Amato Apr 2020

Colonialism In Perspective: A Comparative Bioarchaeological Study Of Quality Of Life Before And During Roman Conquest, Meredith M. Amato

Student Publications

This paper analyzes the current bioarchaeological data that has been gathered from populations that lived before and in the midst of the Roman Empire. Case studies are taken from multiple areas within the boundaries of the empire, including Italy itself, Britain, Gaul (what is today known as France), Spain, North Africa, and the Near East. Geography and other factors make each individual’s experience of colonialism different, and the data that can be taken from human remains shows that colonialism was an unequal system that cannot be given a single, strict definition.


Academic Esl World History Unit 2.6.7. Roman Empire Listening, Reading And Writing, Karin Lundberg Jan 2020

Academic Esl World History Unit 2.6.7. Roman Empire Listening, Reading And Writing, Karin Lundberg

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.


Academic Esl World History Unit 2.9. Roman Empire, Reflective Journal, Karin Lundberg Jan 2020

Academic Esl World History Unit 2.9. Roman Empire, Reflective Journal, Karin Lundberg

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.


Academic Esl World History Unit 2.8. Roman Empire, Pompeii, Listening Exercise, Karin Lundberg Jan 2020

Academic Esl World History Unit 2.8. Roman Empire, Pompeii, Listening Exercise, Karin Lundberg

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.


The Farcical Suicide: Stoicism And The Satyricon, Carl Teegerstrom Jan 2019

The Farcical Suicide: Stoicism And The Satyricon, Carl Teegerstrom

The Expositor: A Journal of Undergraduate Research in the Humanities

No abstract provided.


Tacitus, Tiberius, And The Ce17 Earthquake In The Roman Province Of Asia, Daryn Graham Jan 2019

Tacitus, Tiberius, And The Ce17 Earthquake In The Roman Province Of Asia, Daryn Graham

New England Classical Journal

Focusing on the Asian earthquake of 17 CE, this article argues that Tiberius took on a more active role in his response to the disaster than he was portrayed as doing in Tacitus’ Annals. Tacitus’ portrayal of these events was influenced by his own political experience under Trajan and Hadrian and did not fully take into account Tiberius’ efforts to rebuild. However, a consideration of evidence from outside the Annals reveals that Tiberius’ actions served as an opportunity to assert his own power in two interconnected ways. As he maneuvered against the political threat of Germanicus, he became known as …


“How The West Was Won”: Christian Expansion Before And After The Protestant Reformation, Kevin Burrell Jul 2018

“How The West Was Won”: Christian Expansion Before And After The Protestant Reformation, Kevin Burrell

Andrews University Seminary Studies (AUSS)

It is certainly more than a truism to say that Protestant Reformation theology has impacted Christian faith and practice in a myriad of ways, including giving rise to a vibrant Protestant missiology. Yet, what remains relatively unexplored in the context of the Reformation and Christian mission is the impact of Reformation political theology on empire-building; specifically, the connection between Protestant mission and the extension of European political hegemony over distant lands, which began in the early modern period. This study attempts to show first that the Reformation reframing of the relationship between church and state failed to challenge the “theology …


The Fall Of The Roman Empire, Fred W. Jenkins Jun 2018

The Fall Of The Roman Empire, Fred W. Jenkins

Roesch Library Faculty Publications

Review article on key works on the fall of the Roman Empire.


"A True Philosopher Of Christ:" Ambrose Of Milan's Reworking Of Cicero's De Officiis, Lydia Herndon Apr 2018

"A True Philosopher Of Christ:" Ambrose Of Milan's Reworking Of Cicero's De Officiis, Lydia Herndon

Senior Theses and Projects

No abstract provided.


Octavia Minor And The Transition From Republic To Empire, Katrina Moore Aug 2017

Octavia Minor And The Transition From Republic To Empire, Katrina Moore

All Theses

As a "good girl," Octavia Minor, older sister to Octavian née Augustus, has been understudied as a historical figure of the Late Republic. Her portrayal as a "good" exempla in the written classical sources obscures Octavia's agency. This thesis seeks to divest Octavia of her "good girl" reputation, as has been done by other scholars for many "bad girls" of antiquity, such as Cleopatra and Livia. Removing this "good" stereotype will allow for an examination of Octavia's role in transforming the moral example of a Roman woman from the Republic to the Empire. By exposing the tendency toward stereotyping inherent …


Female Patronage Of Public Space In Roman Cities, Joy H. Kim Apr 2017

Female Patronage Of Public Space In Roman Cities, Joy H. Kim

Senior Theses and Projects

Public spaces and buildings in Roman Cities served many functions including, but not limited to, religious gatherings, economic activity, political propaganda, and entertainment. Such vital infrastructure could not exist without the financial generosity of wealthy elites. Though most of these elite were men, some women used their wealth and status, both derived from their families, to shape public space. This study looks at female patronage of public space among women of imperial, senatorial, and equestrian standing, as well as women in both the Greek East and Latin West. It also aims to discern the level of political influence these benefactresses …


Roman Archaism In Depictions Of Apollo In The Augustan Period, Alisha Sanders May 2016

Roman Archaism In Depictions Of Apollo In The Augustan Period, Alisha Sanders

Honors Projects

At the end of the first century BCE, in order to spread the values and concepts that he wanted to perpetuate in his new political order, Augustus Caesar revived an archaistic art style based on that of the archaic period of ancient Greece. It was in this time that the Roman Empire was being established, and Augustus was taking sole power of the Roman world. This study is focused on works that include depictions of Apollo because one of the first and most studied examples of Augustus’s use of Roman archaism was the decorative program of the Temple of Apollo …