Digital Commons Network^™

The Mongolian Remodeling And The Structure Of Anoplocephalid Cestode Diversity, Mackenzie Grover

All NMU Master's Theses

Ecological disruption plays an important role in structuring diversity of flora, fauna, and their parasites. At the end of the Eocene, climatic change across Asia resulted in a faunal turnover (the Mongolian Remodeling) as rodents diversified and larger mammals declined. Throughout the Oligocene, the landscape in Asia was characterized by episodic climatic and landscape changes resulting in pulses of rodent diversification. The role of historical ecological disruption in Central Asia in structuring the diversity of parasites of small rodents has not been thoroughly investigated. The hyper-diverse Paranoplocephala species complex (family: Anoplocephalidae) infect rodents throughout the Holarctic and present an opportunity …

New Regionalism And Norm Creation: A Case Of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Anadi Anadi

Journal of Strategic Security

This article delves into the evolution of international norms, focusing on the dynamics within Central Asia as a microcosm of broader global shifts. It begins by elucidating the concept of a "region" in international relations, emphasizing its multifaceted nature, both geographically and culturally, as well as its evolving character in the face of global transformations. The study then delineates the emergence of regionalism, encompassing the historical context of old and new regionalism, with a nuanced understanding of their continuities and distinctions. A pivotal point of analysis is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), whose genesis and transformation underscore the influence of …

Geopolitics Of Cyberspace And Expansion Of Terrorism In The Central Asia, Mohammad Amin Zabihi, Saeed Shokohi, Sajad Abed

The World Research of Political Science Journal

Abstract: Terrorism, like any other phenomenon has enjoyed evolution during the course of history and it has become a paramount, influential factor in almost every aspect of national and international equations. Nowadays, terrorists, like any other activist group, use modern technologies in almost evert aspect of their strategies; thus, one should consider the role of these modern technologies that contribute to the furtherance of their malicious deeds. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the ways terrorists act through, and importantly, the tools and instruments they exploit in order to achieve their goals. Arguably, cyberspace and other related tools and materials …

What Caused The Unseasonal Extreme Dust Storm In Uzbekistan During November 2021?, Xin Xi, Daniel Steinfeld, Steven M. Cavallo, Jun Wang, Jiquan Chen, Kanat Zulpykharov, Geoffrey M. Henebry

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

An unseasonal dust storm hit large parts of Central Asia on 4-5 November 2021, setting records for the column aerosol burden and fine particulate concentration in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The dust event originated from an agropastoral region in southern Kazakhstan, where the soil erodibility was enhanced by a prolonged agricultural drought resulting from La Niña-related precipitation deficit and persistent high atmospheric evaporative demand. The dust outbreak was triggered by sustained postfrontal northerly winds during an extreme cold air outbreak. The cold air and dust outbreaks were preceded by a chain of processes consisting of recurrent synoptic-scale transient Rossby wave packets over …

The Impact Of Sanctions Against Russia On Central Eurasia: A New Great Game Through A Feminist Lens, Victoria Akchurina, Anna Dolidze

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper is an attempt to better understand a hard-core security issue through a feminist lens or to grasp a new “Great Game” emerging in central Eurasia by using a feminist understanding of power. The war in Ukraine is considered pivotal to the direction of world history, global order, and the very architecture of the international system. While NATO and Western powers are reluctant to go into a direct military confrontation with Russia over Ukraine, sanctions on Russia have repercussions that extend way beyond Russian borders. Specifically, the former Soviet republics of Central Asia and South Caucasus—which have continued to …

Production Strategies Of Livestock Herders In The Grasslands Of Kazakhstan: Implications For The Marketing Of Fine Fibres, Kathleen A. Galvin, C. Kerven, R. B. Boone, A. Smailov

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Goat populations have been rising in Kazakhstan over the past ten years since independence and goats are preferred by farmers trying to restock. Quality of cashmere production is the key to profitable and sustainable sales to world markets for this luxury good. However, Kazakhstan did not develop a cashmere industry in the Soviet period so today goats are sheared rather than combed and little profit is made from cashmere. Goats, as well as sheep and camels are currently multi-purpose animals providing income from sales of animals, cashmere, milk and meat. This will change as the terms of trade change for …

The Fate Of The Language Is The Fate Of The People: A Cultural Analysis Of Language Education Policy In Central Asia, Bethany A. Reeve

Senior Theses

With a shared history under the Soviet Union, the five Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan have spent the past one hundred years dealing with quickly changing language policy and ethnic relations. Under the policy of the USSR, native languages of Central Asia were repressed, and Russian was introduced as the main language of interethnic communication. After they gained independence in 1991, however, each of the five countries embarked on missions to restore the strength of each of their national languages and de-Russify their political, economic, and educational systems. Throughout the region, one of the main …

Finding Autonomy Under The Russian Bear: Explaining Central Asia’S Response To The Invasion Of Ukraine, Ryan Hitch

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The Russian invasion of Ukraine was one of the most important geopolitical events of the 21^st century, which will have lasting effects on the international community. While the responses of the United States and Europe to Russia’s invasion have been extensively covered, the response of Central Asia has received relatively less attention. Russia’s extensive investments in multilateral regional organizations and Central Asia’s heavy reliance on Moscow for security and economic assistance should predict that Central Asian states would bandwagon with Russia. However, the region has thus far remained officially neutral towards the war and certain states are openly antagonizing …

The Role Of Culture In The Justification And Perpetuation Of Domestic Violence: The Perspectives Of Service Providers In Kyrgyzstan, Saltanat Childress, Nibedita Shrestha, Kanykei Kenensarieva, Jildyz Urbaeva, Rachel Voth Schrag

SAGE Open Access Agreement Publications

The study explores the perspectives of service providers on cultural and social reasons used to justify domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan. Results indicate that cultural norms, notably patriarchal customs, immense pressure put on women to save the marriage, stigma of divorce, low status assigned to women, wide acceptance of violence as natural, and fear of retaliation were major reasons that perpetuated domestic violence. Scholars, policymakers, and service providers must collaborate to actively dispel widely accepted beliefs about gender, marriage, and women's status, and to break the cycle of abuse providing help at the individual and community levels.

Ideology And Ethics Of Transitional Entrepreneurs: Legitimacy, Soft Law, And Overcoming A Distressed Economy, Maryam Khosravi, Mojtaba Amiri, Nezameddin Faghih

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Transitional entrepreneurship in distressed economies is a fairly new concept with respect to new ventures in such challenging economic environments. Formal institutional voids are sometimes held up as a reason for the difficulties present in distressed economies, along with exogenous shocks and other upheavals. In this research, the authors seek to contribute empirically and theoretically as to ways in which formal institutions voids can be filled by a culture developed by transitional entrepreneurs. Indeed, in transition economies, formal institutions need to be enhanced by informal institutions to control corruption and other misbehavior by authorities. Iranian economists emphasize these …

The Othering Of An Empire: A Historiographical And Pedagogical Assessment Of Orientalism, Genghis Khan, And The Mongol Empire, Edward Stehr

History - Master of Arts in Teaching

I. Synthesis Essay………………………………....3

II. Primary Documents and Headnotes………....28

III. Textbook Critique……………………………...40

IV. New Textbook Entry…………………………..44

V. Bibliography…………………………………....50

The Black Cauldron, A Curtain Of Fire, And The Sword Of The War God: Connections Between Nomadic Populations On The Ancient Eurasian Steppe, Shawn R. Armistead

WWU Graduate School Collection

Cultural connections between the ancient Xiongnu and the Huns have been disputed for over a century. This disputed topic has been approached in the fields of history, anthropology, linguistics, genetics, and archaeology. Though evidence for previous claims to connections between the two groups of nomadic pastoralists has been scant, research into the topic over the last 20 years has been robust. New evidence for connections between them has come from the previously listed disciplines, but rarely in an integrated form. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to this research question, this paper attempts to integrate the results into a cohesive narrative …

Range-Based Livestock Production In Turkmenistan, R. H. Behnke, G. Davidson

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Turkmenistan retains a centralized system of livestock production in which many critical assets are owned by the state. Though technically in the temperate zone, the country's climate is harsh and unstable. Groundwater resources are unevenly distributed, leaving many potential grazing areas seasonally inaccessible due to lack of drinking water for livestock. This paper summarizes the results of a three-year study of rangelands, livestock production, flock economics and land tenure at two study sites, one in central and the other in eastern Turkmenistan. The results of this study suggest that pastoral communities in Turkmenistan have coped remarkably well with the institutional …

The Violence Induced By Climate Change: An Evolving Controversy, Josephine Kurdziel

Senior Theses

Climate-induced violence has become more prominent and scrutinized in research, media, and discussion in the last decade with the emergence of new patterns of violence. Conflicts have been scrutinized particularly in key regions and countries such as West Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, which are the focus of the three case studies in this paper. The research is centered on several types of violence such as civil war and terrorism, and then further expanded to how climate change may or may not influence their patterns. Correspondingly, there is also an analysis on the importance of state stability and …

Russia, Europe And Central Asia Energy Security And Pipeline Politics, Mehmet Kınacı

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Energy Security will continue to remain as one of the top security concerns for Europe. Depleting reserves and growing energy demand have increased European dependence on external energy resources. Today, Russia is by far the largest supplier of oil, coal and the natural gas to Europe. Oil and natural gas revenues have played a vital role to rebound the Russian economy and have supported Putin’s ambitions to reestablish Russia as a great power, increasing its influence over the former Soviet space. This complex energy relationship has increasingly been a cause of concern.

The main question this study seeks to answer …

Allow Them To Take The Reins: Why Central Asian States Need To Lead In Afghanistan, Brandon Angel

Helm's School of Government Conference - American Revival: Citizenship & Virtue

No abstract provided.

Understanding Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) Population Structure, Diet, And Human-Wildlife Dimensions Using Noninvasive Genetic Approaches, Charlotte Hacker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are a large cat endemic to the mountains of Central Asia. Despite their status as a flagship species, there are numerous knowledge gaps surrounding their population status, dietary ecology, and relationship with humans. Such knowledge gaps are prohibitive for effective conservation action for the species. Snow leopards are threatened by habitat loss, decreased prey availability, retaliatory killings, and large-scale negative impacts associated with climate change. In order to help bridge these gaps, noninvasive genetic methodologies were deployed in this work across several disciplines. Population genetic metrics were garnered at local, regional, and range-wide scales, …

User-Based Pasture Management In Kyrgyzstan: Achievements, Challenges, And Trends, Andrei Dörre, Ulan Kasymov

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In Kyrgyzstan, a high mountain country in Central Asia, grasslands occupy almost half of the territory. These extensive resources represent the basis for seasonally mobile animal husbandry, which is relevant for both individual households and the national economy. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Kyrgyzstan’s transition into a market economy, these formerly state-owned grasslands were parceled out and privatized. Considerable socio-economic distortions and ecological problems occurred during this process. In order to meet such unintended effects, a legal framework for user-based pasture management was established in the course of an institutional learning process. This package of measures corresponded …

Interplays Between Policy And Practice On Rangelands In Kazakhstan Since The 1990s, C. Kerven

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Kazakhstan contains a large share of the world’s remaining “near-natural” temperate grassland, so how the Kazakh rangelands are managed has global implications for plant and animal biodiversity, carbon stocks, and at a national level for the wellbeing of Kazakhstan’s land, people and the economy.

The extensive livestock and rangeland management systems of Kazakhstan were transformed after the early 1990s. Privatisation had deep and very damaging structural impacts. There are now considerable inequities in the distribution of state support, landed resources and livestock, with the appearance of a minority of large-scale livestock owners. Government policies allowed these livestock owners to register …

Comparative Analysis Of Interconfessional Relations In Kazakhstan And Uzbekistan, Abdulla Mirzakhojaev

The Light of Islam

The article examines the history of religions of the Turkic past, Islamic Renaissance, Tsarist imperialism, Soviet atheism, and nowadays. The author analyzes constitutional and special laws, describes religious diversity and cultural pluralism, examines the system and institutions of religious education, identifies the main reasons for the radicalization of the two countries. He pays special attention to the specifics of the manifestation of religious radicalism in each of the two countries, their approaches to this problem and ways of countering the terrorist threat, and systematizes the opinions of various scientists. The negative consequences of historical and political events on the religious …

Features And Prospective Development Of Logistics In Uzbekistan In The Conditions Of Inaccessibility Of Sea Logistic Routes, D.M. Mirzakhalilova, F.A. Valiev

Economics and Innovative Technologies

The article provides an overview of the features of logistics in Uzbekistan and the Central Asian region. The methodology is based on the analysis of the main infrastructure projects implemented by the interested states of the region. It is proposed to turn efforts in the logistics area to organizational and legal issues accompanying the use of ongoing projects.

The Impact Of Islam On Sociopolitical And Spiritual Life In Central Asia, Ilhomjon Bekmirzaev, Irodaxon Gafurova

The Light of Islam

The authors, based on reliable sources and third-party studies, for the first time provide information that Central Asia, being an independent state entity, is one of the civilizations of the region, despite the anthropological, social, political, linguistic, religious and other changes that have taken place in it. for centuries, in the course of centuries of development, it has formed its own specific laws and principles. The author also argues the position that in the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand, which were considered central in the region, national values formed the basis of Islamic civilization. An analysis of primary sources and …

Babur, Eiji Mano, Nargiza Hamidova

Philology Matters

Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur is a historical figure, king and poet who founded the Great Mughal Empire in India. His work "Baburnama" is a unique source that describes the political and social life, geographical location, culture, as well as his own experiences and feelings of the peoples who lived and worked in the 16th century. He left a unique legacy as a literary critic. In his book “Babur”, Eiji Mano compares Babur to Nobunaga Oda, the hero of Japan at the time. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India, was born in Uzbekistan, and the secret of Babur's popularity …

The Evolution Of United States - Central Asian Security Policy Post-9/11: Military, Terrorism, And Cyber-Security, Shamsuddin Karimi

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rudyard Kipling once described and wrote about the Great Game as a way to outline 19^th century great power politics in the struggle for empire in Central Asia. While Kipling’s tale of spy-craft and espionage is fiction, the political philosophy behind the story has never lost relevance. The struggle for political dominance in Central Asia continued through the twentieth century in the Cold War as well as into twenty-first century after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Although the great power players may have changed over the past 120 years, the importance of Central Asia has not.

This …

Morkovcha [Korean Carrot Salad], Lidiya A. Kan

Theses and Dissertations

Morkovcha, Korean Carrot Salad is a short documentary that tells a story of ethnic Koreans from Russia and the post-Soviet territories making their new home in New York City. The history of the diaspora is told through conversations with my mother, personal stories, fragmented memories, and my family photo archive. This very personal film is my attempt to revisit the 160-year history of the Russian Korean diaspora and to record and preserve our unique fusion of cultures in the melting pot that is the United States. Its purpose is to help to process and accept the tragic past of my …

Socioecological Determinants Of Psychoticism Among Central-Asian Immigrants To The United States, Viktor Dlugunovych

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Every year, thousands of individuals from every country and every walk of life arrive in the United States in hopes of better lives for themselves and their families. A significant portion of immigrants arrives from Central Asia countries, namely Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Stress associated with the process of uprooting in the country of origin and adaptation in the country of destination often makes newcomers vulnerable to developing mental health illnesses. The purpose of this work was to analyze relationships between psychoticism, psychological comorbidities, and psychosocial factors. This study used archival data that included 195 cases of individuals …

Afghan Decision-Making In A Development Context, Daniel Stent

Master's Theses

Numerous theories exist showing the relationship between stress and decision-making strategies. Conflict Theory, as expressed by Mann et al. (1997) explains that when facing a major decision, individuals will respond to the stress of that decision by using one of four decision-making strategies: vigilance, buckpassing, procrastination, and hypervigilance. In matching Conflict Theory with the cultural scales proposed by Hofstede (2001), the decision-making strategies of buckpassing and procrastination are preferred by individuals from collectivist cultures in contrast to people from individualistic cultures. The current study used Mann’s Melbourne Decision-Making Questionnaire in the context of Afghanistan. This research is pertinent given the …

Innovation Capacity: A Firm Level Response To Subsidy Activity In A National Setting, Assyad Al-Wreiket, Royce D. Burnett, Christopher J. Skousen, Ouadie Akaaboune

Accounting Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect subsidies have on firm-level innovation across Eastern European and Central Asian countries and to assess if these effects move to increase firm-level capability. Specifically, we investigate the extent subsidy programs act to shape and guide firm-level innovative capabilities and how the presence of such capabilities affect operational performance. We employ a Probit model to investigate firm-level innovation and OLS regression to assess how subsidies, in association with the decision to adopt foreign technology and in-house research and development (R&D) affect firm productive capacity. Results suggest subsidies promote innovation and that …

The Rise Of Translation Schools In Central Asia, Baxrom Maxamadxodjaev

The Light of Islam

The authority and prestige of Uzbekistan are growing more and more among the peoples and countries of the world. The people of our country continue to get acquainted with the masterpieces of world literature, translated into Uzbek from other languages of the world. And our translators contribute to the enrichment of the treasury of world literature. In this respect, translation serves as a golden bridge between peoples, nations, countries. Thus, every nation in the world, getting acquainted with unique works created by other nations that enrich our spirituality, contributes to the treasury of human culture. Studying the history of the …

The Architectural Epigraphy Of Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Tariqah In Central Asia In The Xviii-Xix Centuries, Mekhrojiddin Amonov

The Light of Islam

This article examines the architectural and epigraphic monuments associated with the history of the Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi tariqah in the 18th-19th centuries. Information about this tariqah is obtained based on epigraphic data. The article contains information about the murshids who carried out their activities within the “Suf Allahyar” and “Musakhonkhodja Dahbedi” branches of the Central Asian Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi tariqah in the 18th- 19th centuries, as well as information about architectural monuments and epigraphic inscriptions directly related to them. It also provides valuable information about the activities of the murshids of the tariqah Qamariddin Khuzari and Mavlono Mirmuhammad Ibrahim Khodja Samarqandi, as well as …