Digital Commons Network^™

Boys Sitting Outside

Miscellaneous Postcards and Photographs

This undated sepia toned photograph features two young boys sitting outside on some railroad ties or logs. The boys are both wearing dark pants, white shirts, and hats. The photograph is set within a circular frame on a yellowed card. "41" is stamped on the bottom of the card.

School And District Leader Perceptions Of The Root Causes Behind Male Underachievement In American Secondary Schools: A Mixed-Methods Study Of This Phenomenon, Patrick Hegarty

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Title IX legislation of 1972 asserts that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance, ..” This, along with other movements and forces of the past half century, laid the foundation for our ongoing challenging, national dialogue about individuality, identity, opportunity, equality, and equity. This study advances that conversation based on the continuing evidence of male underachievement in our secondary schools.

The purpose of this study was to explore school …

Associations Between Prenatal Exposure To Phthalates And Features Of The Metabolic Syndrome In Males From Childhood Into Adulthood, Ye’Elah E. Berman, Dorota A. Doherty, Trevor A. Mori, Lawrence J. Beilin, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Leon A. Adams, Rae-Chi Huang, John K. Olynyk, Jeffrey A. Keelan, John P. Newnham, Roger J. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Phthalate metabolites are detectable within the majority of the population. Evidence suggests that a prenatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with the subsequent risks of obesity and elevated blood pressure. We hypothesised that a prenatal exposure to phthalates would lead to an increase in adverse cardiometabolic parameters through childhood and adulthood. The maternal serum phthalate measurements from the stored samples taken from Gen1 mothers at 18 and 34 weeks gestation were examined in relation to the cardiometabolic measures in 387 male offspring from the Raine Study. Data from the Gen2 follow-ups between 3 and 27 years were used. The …

Tiktok As Art: Visual Culture Art Education In An Afterschool Art Program, Chloe C. Morrell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research and the objective were to investigate the firsthand experience of

visual culture art education in an after-school art program. The after-school

program was focused mainly on an underserved population. We focused our

concentration on the social media app TikTok. The author investigated visual

culture theorists and discovered ideas from Terry Barrett and his use of

denotations and connotations and their relationship to art. The participants were

members of the Boys and Girls Club of Nacogdoches who analyzed TikTok

videos using annotations and denotations, then in return created their own

individual videos inspired by an original TikTok video. The …

Boys, Reading, And Video Games: A Mixed-Methods Case Study Examining The Effects Of Using A Recreational Video Game To Improve Reading Comprehension Performance At An Elementary School In Texas, Donald Wayne Meyer Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The fifth-grade boys at an elementary school in Texas consistently perform lower than girls on the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) reading portion. The gender gap in reading is not exclusive to this school. Boys score lower than girls on state-administered reading assessments each year in the United States (U.S.) and have done so for decades (Bozack & Salvaggio, 2013; Clinton et al., 2014; Schwabe et al., 2015; Schwanenflugel & Knapp, 2018). This study explored the effects of using a recreational video game on fifth-grade boys struggling with reading comprehension in a six-week-long reading intervention program.

This …

Good Guys 5-Minute Stories, Deborah Le Starge

Children's Book and Media Review

From summer camp, to space, to a boy at his grandpa’s Chinese restaurant and a mustached baby that has to decide if he has a “good guy” or a “bad guy” mustache, along with odes to brothers and cowboys, some boys are adventurous, some are quiet, and others may even be superheroes in disguise. But either way, one thing you can count on is that each boy is a good guy.

The Invisible Boy, Erica Sonzogni

Children's Book and Media Review

Brian, an elementary school boy, feels invisible in his classroom. The teacher spends a lot of time with the children who are having difficulties or who misbehave, which leaves Brian alone. Even the other children in the class ignore Brian until one day, a new student comes into the class. Justin eats authentic Korean food and the other students laugh at him. Brian quietly writes Justin a note to tell him that he finds his food delicious. Justin appreciates this act of kindness and the two become fast friends, and Brian does not feel invisible any longer.

Navigating Early, Cynthia Frazier

Children's Book and Media Review

Jack’s mother dies near the end of world War II. His father, who is in the Navy, must go back to his ship, so Jack is sent far from his home in Kansas to a boarding school in Maine. Grieving, he struggles to fit in until he makes a friend named Early. Early is a little strange. He loves numbers and explains the number Pi as if it was a person. In fact, he plans to find Pi by traveling on the Appalachian trail, so Jack joins him on his quest. As they walk, Early tells stories about Pi, pirates, …

When I Was A Boy In Japan, Sakae Shioya

Zea E-Books Collection

Japanese children in the 1870s and 1880s were offspring of a centuries-old traditional order who faced a world suddenly dominated by foreign science and commerce. As a child in Meiji Japan, Sakae grew up among survivors of the shogunate and observed their samurai culture displaced by Western morals and practices. Meanwhile the traditional values of Japanese life still exerted a strong influence over his family and education and played a large part in shaping his experience, as recounted with charm and tenderness in this simple and reflective reminiscence.

Sakae Shioya (1873–1961) attended Tokyo’s First Imperial College and came to the …

Dear Boy,, Krista Alletto

Children's Book and Media Review

Dear Boy is told from the perspective of a parent, guardian, or other loved one to a young boy and offers a series of simple, sentimental, and guiding messages to encourage social, academic, physical, and emotional health. The messages touch on honesty, kindness, inclusiveness, grit, self-confidence, and perseverance. The final piece of wisdom is that the parent (or loved one) is always there to offer love and support.

Underweight, Overweight And Obesity In Boys And Girls At The Age Of 7-18 Years From The Podlaskie Province (Poland) In The Years 1986 And 2006, Jerzy Saczuk, Agnieszka Wasiluk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span. Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s t test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number …

Harrison Dwight Ballerina And Knight, Amanda Morgan

Children's Book and Media Review

Harrison Dwight loves to both dance and pretend he is a knight. He goes to football games with his mom and picks flowers with his dad. His parents teach him to be who he is. Sometimes in all his playing, Harrison may hurt himself or experience something bad, but he knows it’s okay to feel sad and that tears can help people heal. So even when others may find it odd, Harrison learns that it’s important to feel what you feel and be who you are.

Postcard: Kansas Prohibition, Joe Chatwood, J. K. Chatwood

Tim Johnson Postcard Collection

This black and white photographic postcard features a boy sitting cross legged in the dirt. He is wearing a shirt and overalls with a straw hat. The boy holds a bottle and a piglet drinks from it. Bushes are in the background and printed text is left of the center of the card. Handwriting is on the back of the card.

An Intersectionality Framework On The Role Of Student-Teacher Relationships On Student Social Outcomes, Kenji Madison

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This research aimed to build on the great wealth of knowledge on student-teacher relationships, social competence, and peer outcomes while utilizing a different approach integrating race and gender. The view of intersectionality may influence those who join in reading this research to consider race coupled with student gender as a strong influence affecting the formation of a relationship as instrumental as the student-teacher relationship.

In a sample of 10,886 (8489 White, 2397 Black) students from third to fifth grade, the research completed three aims: characterizing the relationship between teacher rated closeness and conflict and students’ social outcomes in fourth and …

An Investigation Of The Impact Gender-Specific Course Grouping Has On Female Middle-School Students' Concept Of And Interests Toward Technology And Engineering, Thomas Broderick Walsh

Theses and Dissertations

Attempts to improve retention, interest, and enrollment of females in Technology & Engineering Education courses have included a variety of approaches including female-only classes. However, the implications of such courses have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, an investigation of female-only classes was undertaken; the findings revealed that the overall enrollment of females went up in the course and in subsequent classes, these students maintained their interests and attitudes towards Technology and Engineering, their perceptions of an engineer's gender changed from that of mostly male to mostly female, and their concepts of what an engineer does changed from mostly building or …

"Going It Alone": Following The Male Cohort Of Survivors Of Sex Trafficking Of The Chab Dai Butterfly Longitudinal Research Project, Jarrett D. Davis, James Havey, Glenn M. Miles, Nhanh Channtha, Sreang Phally, Lim Vanntheary

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

Over the past ten years, the Butterfly Longitudinal Research Project has followed 128 survivors of trafficking through their experiences in aftercare, reintegration, and beyond to better understand the recovery and reintegration of trafficking survivors within a Cambodian context. This paper focuses on the 19 males who were available to interview. Despite the project’s wealth of data and analysis, there are notable gaps regarding the male cohort. In response, this paper examines this cohort holistically, considering their statements and broader narratives, merging them with previous collective observations of the Butterfly Project. Throughout this paper, data indicates a pattern of violence among …

Inequalities In Early Marriage, Childbearing And Sexual Debut Among Adolescents In Sub-Saharan Africa, Dessalegn Y. Melesse, Réka M. Cane, Aveneni Mangombe, Macellina Y. Ijadunola, Adom Manu, Eniola Bamgboye, Abdu Mohiddin, Rornald M. Kananura, Elsie Akwara, Elsabé Du Plessis

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, inequalities in ASRH have received less attention than many other public health priority areas, in part due to limited data. In this study, we examine inequalities in key ASRH indicators.

Methods: We analyzed national household surveys from 37 countries in SSA, conducted during 1990–2018, to exam- ine trends and inequalities in adolescent behaviors related to early marriage, childbearing and sexual debut among adolescents using data from respondents 15–24 years. Survival analyses were conducted on each survey to obtain estimates for …

Boys Are Like Books, Katherine Peterson

The Tuxedo Archives

No abstract provided.

Exitosos, A Pesar De Todo: What Is The Nature Of Ethnic And Scholar Identity For High-Achieving High School Latinx Students Who Identify As A Boy In A Southern Context?, Alyssa Jasina Villarreal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study investigated the nature of the ethnic and scholarly identity development in high-achieving, high school students who identify as both Latinx and as a boy. Further the study explored any interactions between the ethnic and scholarly identities of participants. By conducting this study, it is the researchers hope that documented the student testimonios contributed to the preparation of teachers, school administrators, and families understandings on what leads to success. Furthermore, the study will contribute to the validity of the importance of identifying and acknowledging the individuality each student brings to the classroom and unique experiences that have contributed …

Pencil Or Keyboard? Boys’ Preferences In Writing, Jennifer L. Sze, Jane Southcott

The Qualitative Report

Handwriting is an important subject in primary schools, especially in the Early Years. The importance of writing skill is now seen as a debate with the increasing demand on children to learn technology skills to help them with 21^st Century learning—how to write on the keyboard effectively. The topic is important because handwriting is an essential life skill to have with or without technology. In this study, I looked at the importance of both in the context of the qualitative case studies in three schools in Melbourne, Australia. The aim of the research is to explore how do students …

Teachers' Perspectives Of Best Instructional Practices In Motivating African American Boys To Read, Jamilia R. Howard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Elementary school officials have reported difficulty motivating young African American boys to read. It is important that teachers understand why these children have not been motivated to read and create classroom environments that encourage reading motivation. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore teachers' perspectives on best instructional practices for motivating 3rd -grade African American boys to read. The conceptual framework for this study consisted of critical race theory, self-determination theory, and the theory of social constructivism. The research questions focused on teachers' perspectives regarding 3rd -grade African American boys' motivation to read and best instructional practices …

Teacher Support: A Study About Teacher Emotional Support And Engagement Among Middle School Boys, Melissa Johnson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Engagement in school has been recognized as important for achievement in multiple ways, and yet adolescent boys have been observed to be less engaged in school than their female peers. Boys are less motivated than girls, spend less time on homework, and have lower expectations of themselves (Barber, 1996). Boys experience the following school and personal events at rates higher than girls: discipline referrals, suspensions, failing and near-failing grades, and also suicide. This study examined the differential responses between boys and girls in terms of perceived teacher support and student engagement.

The study began with an initial survey distributed to …

Note From R.B. Lecocq About Starting A Band, N.D., Ralph B. Lecocq

Miscellaneous

Note from Ralph B. LeCocq about how he and the boys in his school decided to form a band. They all played their father's instruments and taught themselves how to play.

Infographic: Top Sports By Gender, Dominique Russell

Teacher infographics

A recent survey has revealed the top five sports for boys and girls in Australia at different age groups. See how the popularity in physical activities differs between genders in this infographic.

Guy-Write: What Every Guy Writer Needs To Know, Rebecca Lambert

Children's Book and Media Review

With this book in hand, kids can not only read about their favorite topics, but they can write about them as well. This book teaches kids how they can write engaging stories that use humor, gross stuff, sports, superheroes, battles, scary stories, emotional writing, and more. The book focuses on using effective description to show what is happening to the characters, rather than simply telling the reader what is happening. This book also includes interviews with skilled writers of different genres. These authors offer valuable insight into effective writing techniques.

"They Shamed Me": An Exploratory Study On The Vulnerabilities Of Street-Involved Boys To Sexual Exploitation In Manila, Philippines, Jarrett D. Davis, Glenn M. Miles

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

This exploratory study is one of a series of research projects interviewing survivors of sexual exploitation in Southeast Asia. It assesses the risk factors and vulnerabilities of street children in Manila. This research study assesses the risk factors and vulnerabilities of street children in this context. A questionnaire-based survey was administered to participants to gain a holistic view of the lives of 51 street-involved (street-living or street-working) boys from the Manila area. The survey consisted of a series of questions about demographics, family background, prejudice and discrimination, sexual risk factors, substance abuse, sexual violence and abuse, income generation, spirituality, and …

Coaching Styles For Boys’ And Girls’ Sports Teams, Jack Murphy

Line by Line: A Journal of Beginning Student Writing

The writing process for this article began when my English 198 teacher assigned our third major essay, instructing that it was to be on the topic of gender and include original research. Being a lifelong athlete, I decided to investigate how coaching styles might differ depending upon whether one is coaching boys or girls. With this in mind, I set out to interview the coaches that I know so as to gain their insights and approaches to coaching. I developed a set of questions and interviewed four coaches of varying ages who had coached girls and/or boys at different levels. …

Case File 13: Zombie Kid, Erica Sonzogni

Children's Book and Media Review

Angelo, Nick, and Carter are best friends who love monsters and Halloween. This Halloween is different though; at the last minute, Nick’s great-aunt passes away and Nick must go with his parents to the funeral in Louisiana. While in Louisiana, Nick finds an amulet that is cursed and decides to bring it home. Once at home, Nick notices many changes: he begins to reek of a horrible smell, he cannot feel pain, and suddenly he starts to lose appendages. He is becoming a zombie! With the help of Angelo and Carter, the three boys solve the mystery of the amulet …

Toad On The Road: A Cautionary Tale, Leah Christopher

Children's Book and Media Review

A little toad hops around in the road, trying to catch a fly. Look out, look out! Driver after driver nearly crash to avoid him, scold him, and warn him of the next oncoming vehicle. Soon, the little toad’s mama comes across the scene, and her loving approach helps him finally get out of the road!

Boys Who Rocked The World: Heroes From King Tut To Bruce Lee, Amanda Durrant

Children's Book and Media Review

From Ancient Egypt's King Tut to The Dalai Lama to modern-day athletes like Shaun White, this text explores what shaped these inspiring boys into becoming the world's heroes. The book contains forty-six brief, three-page autobiographies of boys who changed the world before they were twenty years old. Additionally, snippets of how current boy readers plan to make their mark are included after each historical account.