Digital Commons Network^™

The Impact Of Callous-Unemotional Traits And Externalizing Tendencies On Neural Responsivity To Reward And Punishment In Healthy Adolescents, Yonglin Huang, Tingting Wu, Yu Gao, Yuyang Luo, Ziyan Wu, Shawn Fagan, Stephanie Leung, Xiaobo Li

Publications and Research

Both externalizing behavior and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in youth are precursors to later criminal offending in adulthood. It is posited that disruptions in reward and punishment processes may engender problematic behavior, such that CU traits and externalizing behavior may be linked to a dominant reward response style (e.g., heightened responsivity to rewards) and deficient punishment-processing. However, prior research has generated mixed findings and work examining both the sole and joint contribution of CU traits and externalizing problems related to functional brain alterations is lacking. In this pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we measured externalizing behavior and CU traits in …

Parental Influence On Sedentary Behavior In Children: A Systematic Review, Kaitlyn Albrecht Bsn, Rn, Neil Peterson Phd, Rn, Np-C, Agacnp-Bc, Jane Lassetter Phd, Rn

Student Works

The purpose of this systematic review is to appraise and synthesize the evidence regarding parental influences on sedentary behavior (SB) in children and explore associations promoting parent-based interventions. Prominent research in the last decade has established SB as a health risk, but to our knowledge, no systematic reviews observing parent to child SB associations have been conducted. Inclusion criteria required publication in the English language, utilization of objective measures for SB evaluation, and samples that included the 11 to 17 year age range, thus yielding a total of 15 identified studies. PRISMA guidelines were used to lead the search methodology …

Developing An At Risk Youth Prevention Model In Local Church, Norman Dwight Vick

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Congregations must be spiritually positioned to receive and pass on the Gospel baton to all believers. This work will concentrate on those that are at risk for emotional disorders, particularly at the stage of adolescence. This effort will point to the young with emotive challenges that will assist them in being able to pass on the faith constructively and wholesomely. This dissertation will utilize an analytic approach that consists of multi-components related to mental health classifications and disorder, therefore, Christian leaders should be looking beyond secularism to provide support for adolescents who are at risk. Given the presence of millions …

The Role Of Gamma Oscillations And Cortical Inhibition In The Development Of Working Memory In Adolescence, Christopher P. Walker

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Adolescence is a dynamic period of social, cognitive, and biological changes. In particular, working memory, the ability to actively encode and maintain information over a short period of time, develops early in childhood and gradually increases in capacity and stability during adolescence. The precise neurophysiological mechanism by which working memory capacity increases during adolescence is unclear. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the role of cortical gamma-band (> 30 Hz) oscillations—which are associated with working memory in adults—for the development of working memory capacity in adolescents, and to identify the extent to which the temporal profile of gamma-aminobutyric …

Parents Still Matter: The Influence Of Parental Enforcement Of Bedtime On Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms, Jack Peltz, Ronald Rogge, Heidi Connolly

Articles & Book Chapters

Study Objectives: The aim of the current study was to test a multilevel mediation model that examined how adolescent sleep duration might be linked to depressive symptoms via their daytime energy levels. Furthermore, the study examined how parents' enforcement of various types of bedtime rules predicted the duration of adolescent sleep.

Methods: A total of 193 adolescent (ages 14-17; Mage = 15.7 years old, SD = .94; 54.4% female; 71% Caucasian) and parent dyads completed baseline, online surveys, and adolescents also completed online 7-day, twice-daily (i.e., morning and evening) reports of their sleep duration (morning diary) and their energy levels …

Detecting, Preventing, And Treating Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Adolescent Arrestees: An Unmet Public Health Need, Christopher Salvatore, Steven Belenko, Richard Dembo, Matthew Rollie, Kristina Childs

Christopher Salvatore

Studies of detained and incarcerated adolescent offenders in the United States indicate that these juveniles have an elevated risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, many more arrestees enter the “front end” of the juvenile justice system that is detained or incarcerated, and research into the STD risk profiles and service needs of this larger group is lacking. An expansion of STD testing (including of asymptomatic youths), prevention, and treatment is needed, as is improved knowledge about gender- and race-specific services. A pilot program in Florida has shown that juvenile justice and public health systems can collaborate to implement STD …

Nature’S Pill: A Spotlight On Lifestyle And Adolescent Anxiety, Daniel Heckathorn

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Study Of Externalizing Behaviors In Latino/A Adolescents: An Examination Of Parenting And Educational Factors, Sergio B. Pereyra, Roy A. Bean, Jeremy B. Yorgason, Chien-Ti Lee, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Richard B. Miller

Faculty Publications

As the Latino/a population increases externalizing behaviors among adolescents continue to concern researchers and clinicians. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data were used to analyze direct and indirect effects of parenting and academic factors on externalizing behavior among Latino/a adolescents over time, using latent growth curves and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that higher levels of maternal warmth, the adolescent-teacher relationship, and academic achievement were all negatively associated with initial levels of externalizing behavior and in some cases negatively predicted the rate of change of externalizing behavior. Some predictors were also all found to be positively …

Physical Violence And Vulnerable Adolescents: The Roles Of School Climate And Presence Of Similar Peers, Igor Ryabov

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (a.k.a., Add Health), this study examines the impact of school climate and share of vulnerable groups of students on self-perceived discrimination and violence involvement in high school. Violence involvement is operationalized as victimization and perpetration of physical violence. Five categories of vulnerability status are analyzed: the emotionally disabled, learning disabled, physically disabled, obese and LGB. Results suggest that relatively higher odds of violence involvement for individuals who were members of vulnerable groups as adolescents are fully explained by school climate and an extensive set of individual-level controls. While …

Personality And Phobias In Adolescence: Age And Gender In Psychopathological Expressions, Salvatore Settineri, Emanuele Maria Merlo, Angela Alibrandi, Federica Sicari, Irene Pagano Dritto, Fiorella Strangis, Fabio Frisone

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background: Although the understanding of adolescent phobias is important, this phenomenon has thus far not been adequately researched. This report, based on clinical experience, highlights prevalent phobic phenomena linked to personality characteristics. Methods: A sample of 241 adolescents from High School and the University of Messina, Italy was evaluated for phobic responses using the SAFA Scales. Personality types and aspects were assessed by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator F Form. Results: The results were consistent with the reported literature and revealed that psychopathological phenomena such as anxiety, obsession, eating disorders and phobias decreased with aging; however, depression remained constant over time. …

Empower Adolescent Writers With Ongoing Choice In Purpose, Audience, Topic, And Genre, Lauren Heimlich Foley

English Student Work

No abstract provided.

Help Seeking Behaviours Of Adolescents In Foster Care: Multiple Perspectives, Emily Marie Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents in foster care experience higher rates of mental health and behavioural problems compared to those who have never been in care (e.g., Pecora, Jensen, Romanelli, Jackson, & Ortiz, 2009). It is thus vital that they acquire help seeking skills, as this may reduce psychological distress (Ciarrochi, Deane, Wilson, & Rickwood, 2002). Given that previous research has identified unique aspects in the help seeking process of youth in care (Blower et al., 2004; Pryce, Napolitano, & Samuels, 2017; Stanley, 2007; Unrau & Grinnell, 2006), the present study sought to gain a deeper understanding of this process from multiple perspectives, and …

Adolescent And Young Adult Mental Health Is Better In States That Mandate More School Mental Health Policies, Stephanie Spera, Shannon M. Monnat

Population Health Research Brief Series

Mental health problems and suicide rates have increased among adolescents and young adults over the past several years. This research brief shows that adolescent and young adult mental health is better in states that mandate more school mental health policies, including school-based mental health centers, professional development in suicide prevention, and social-emotional curricula.

The Relationship Between Sleep And Internalizing Problems Among Canadian Adolescents, Sophia Pereira Nunes

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia (difficulties falling asleep) and internalizing problems in adolescents from age 10 to 15. Relevant family and social context variables were controlled for in multivariable analyses and family functioning was assessed as a potential effect modifier. Cross-sectional multivariable linear regression analyses of sleep duration and internalizing problems revealed no statistical association. However, difficulties sleeping and concurrent internalizing problems were positively associated at ages 12/13 in females (b= 1.77[0.94, 2.61], R²=0.169)and males (b=1.18[0.36, 2.01], R …

Obesity In Adolescents (Handout), Kathy Palys

All Student-Created Educational Resources

The handout briefly discusses obesity in the adolescents. It covers possible causes, risk factors, and some simple solutions.

The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Empathy In Predicting Indirect Peer Aggression During The Transition To High School, Naomi Tarlow

Open Access Theses

Indirect peer aggression is prevalent during adolescence, and is associated with internalizing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and withdrawn behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying this mode of aggression are not well understood. Deficits in cognitive and affective empathy have been linked with indirect peer aggression, although findings regarding the precise nature of this relationship have been inconsistent. In particular, gender may play a role in this relationship. Therefore, the current study examined differential relationships between cognitive and affective empathy, and indirect peer aggression by gender during the transition to high school. Furthermore, the study extended findings to cyber peer aggression, …

Suicide Ideation, Planning, And Attempts: The Case Of The Latinx Lgb Youth, Javier F. Boyas, Tatiana Villarreal-Otálora, Luis R. Alvarez-Hernandez, Mariam Fatehi

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Guided by an ecological systems theory (EST) framework, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how multiple micro, mezzo, and macro factors influence the suicidality continuum from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt among Latinx LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) youth living in the United States.

Methods: Data for this cross sectional-study included 451 participants who self-identified as Latinx LGB on the 2017-National Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. The analysis explored micro, mezzo, and macro-level factors’ association with three suicidality outcomes (ideation, planning, and attempt) at the bivariate and multivariate level. Since the outcome variables were dichotomized, univariate logistic …

An Analysis Of Change Processes In The Transdiagnostic Treatment Of Emotional Disorders In Adolescents, Jamie Alexa Sherman

Open Access Dissertations

Anxiety, depression, and related emotional disorders are prevalent and impairing (Merikangas et al., 2010). They not only have high levels of symptom overlap but also share underlying temperament factors such as high neuroticism (Barlow, Sauer-Zavala, Carl, Bullis, & Ellard, 2014; Tonarely, Sherman, Grossman, Shaw, & Ehrenreich-May, under review) and low extroversion (Barlow et al., 2014; Tonarely, Sherman, & Ehrenreich-May, 2017). The Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C and UP-A, respectively; Ehrenreich-May et al., 2018) and similar core dysfunction-focused transdiagnostic therapy approaches may lead to successful treatment by targeting higher-order factors that cut across …

Media And Parents: Socializing Factors Of Relational Aggression, Kjersti Maye Summers

Theses and Dissertations

Exposure to relational aggression in various contexts has been found to predict relationally aggressive behavior in adolescents. Past research has examined socializing factors of relational aggression separately. The current study expounds upon this research by looking at three important contexts for socialization of relational aggression during adolescence together: media relational aggression, parental psychological control, and couple relational aggression. Specifically, this study looked at how these different socializing factors combine to predict relational aggression. Participants consisted of 423 adolescents and their parents. A person-centered approach was used to determine different profiles. Latent profile analysis found three profiles, including "average" (78%), "high …

Social Withdrawal And Indices Of Adjustment And Maladjustment In Adolescence: Does Parent Warmth And Extraversion Matter?, Mallory Abigail Millett

Theses and Dissertations

Social withdrawal is often associated with a number of indices of adjustment and maladjustment, but little research exists that attempts to uncover potential protective factors. This study longitudinally examined the moderating role of parent extraversion and parent warmth on the association between two types of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability) and later indices of adjustment and maladjustment. Participants were 463 families from the flourishing families project. Results showed no longitudinal associations between social withdrawal and later indices of adjustment or maladjustment. However, when parent extraversion was added as a moderator, shyness was positively associated with prosocial behavior for those with …

Randomized Trial Of A Single-Session Growth Mind-Set Intervention For Rural Adolescents’ Internalizing And Externalizing Problems, Jessica L. Schleider, Jeni L. Burnette, Laura Widman, Crystal L. Hoyt, Mitchell J. Prinstein

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Objective. Adolescents living in rural regions of the United States face substantial barriers to accessing mental health services, creating needs for more accessible, non-stigmatizing, briefer interventions. Research suggests that single-session “growth mindset” interventions (GM-SSIs)—which teach the belief that personal traits are malleable through effort—may reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. However, GM-SSIs have not been evaluated among rural youth, and their effects on internalizing and externalizing problems have not been assessed within a single trial, rendering their relative benefits for different problem types unclear. We examined whether a computerized GM-SSI could reduce depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and …

Take What You Can Carry, Emily Loveless

Children's Book and Media Review

It’s 1977 and Kyle has just moved to suburban Chicago. He quickly makes friends in a neighborhood where the most interesting things to do involve property destruction, harassing construction workers, and shoplifting. It’s a thrilling adrenaline rush in an otherwise boring place—until Kyle and another friend get caught by a store owner and find themselves in jail. The store owner doesn’t press charges in exchange for having Kyle do odd jobs around the store, but it’s obvious that Mr. Himitsu doesn’t want him there. Time allows for reflection, and Kyle soon learns that they have more in common than he’d …

Adolescent Obesity In The Past Decade: A Systematic Review Of Genetics And Determinants Of Food Choice, Eleanor T. Campbell, Alexis T. Franks, Paule V. Joseph

Publications and Research

Background and purpose: As the incidence of global obesity increases, concerns about adverse health outcomes in adolescents continues to rise. The complexity and expense of this problem require early recognition and specific preventive treatments. Knowledge of genetics and determinants of food choices contributing to adolescent obesity warrants further examination. The primary goal was to appraise the literature from the past decade (2007–2017) on the current state of food choice and genetic determinants of adolescent overweight/obesity in the United States. The secondary goal was to determine trends in the literature and areas for future research.

Methods: A systematic review of research …

Successful Weight Loss Initiation And Maintenance Among Adolescents With Overweight And Obesity: Does Age Matter?, Diana Rancourt, Chad D. Jensen, Kara Mcrae Duraccio, E. Whitney Evans, Rena R. Wing, Elissa Jelalian

Faculty Publications

Background—Treatments for adolescents with overweight/obesity demonstrate mixed success, which may be due to a lack of consideration for developmental changes during this period. Potential developmental differences in weight loss motivations, weight maintenance behaviors, and the role of parents in these efforts were examined in a sample of successful adolescent weight losers.

Methods—Participants enrolled in the Adolescent Weight Control Registry (n = 49) self-reported demographic information and weight history, reasons for weight loss and weight control, weight loss approach and weight maintenance strategies, and perceived parental involvement with weight loss. Associations between age at weight loss initiation and the aforementioned factors …

A Machine Learning Approach To Predicting Alcohol Consumption In Adolescents From Historical Text Messaging Data, Adrienne Bergh

Computational and Data Sciences (MS) Theses

Techniques based on artificial neural networks represent the current state-of-the-art in machine learning due to the availability of improved hardware and large data sets. Here we employ doc2vec, an unsupervised neural network, to capture the semantic content of text messages sent by adolescents during high school, and encode this semantic content as numeric vectors. These vectors effectively condense the text message data into highly leverageable inputs to a logistic regression classifier in a matter of hours, as compared to the tedious and often quite lengthy task of manually coding data. Using our machine learning approach, we are able to train …

Attachment And Internalizing And Externalizing Problems In Adolescence: Exploring The Mediating Role Of Physiological Self-Regulation Capacity, Michelle A. Kuhn

Clinical Psychology Dissertations

Internalizing and externalizing problems impact functioning and health in adolescence. Therefore, understanding risk and protective factors related to these behaviors is of practical interest. The proposed study examined the relationship between parent-adolescent attachment security, self-regulation capacity, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Previous studies have supported prospective links between parent-child attachment security and self-regulation capacities. Similarly, self-regulation is as a protective factor from internalizing and externalizing problems. This study proposed a mediation model combining these findings. It was hypothesized that youth with stronger parent-adolescent attachment security would demonstrate fewer internalizing and externalizing problems, and that this relationship would be mediated by …

Promoting Resilience In Economically Disadvantaged Adolescents Through School-Based Expressive Arts Groups, Bailey Knox

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

Since 2013, the majority of students served by the public school system in the United States have been considered “low-income” by the federal government. The stressors associated with low socioeconomic status significantly increase risk for social, emotional and behavioral challenges at all age levels, but can be particularly damaging to adolescents coping with heightened stress levels related to the intense multi-dimensional changes that define this developmental period. As the correlation between economic disadvantage and negative socio-emotional and academic outcomes is increasingly evidenced, schools have begun to recognize their responsibility for providing preventative mental health care to high-risk students. Over the …

Social And Emotional Effects Of Language-Based Learning Disabilities On Adolescents Approached Through Dance/Movement Therapy: A Literature Review, Lindsey V. Spratt

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

Over the past few years there has been a growth in research about the social and emotional effects of having a language-based learning disability. However, most of the interventions and assessments used with this population still primarily focus on the academic effects and do not always recognize the connection between the two. This literature review connects how identity development during adolescence in a school setting is impacted by the social and emotional effects of having a language-based learning disability. Individuals who experience learning difficulties often also experience internal and external academic criticism causing a decrease in self-esteem and an increase …

Two Worlds, One Family-Acculturation, Identity Development, And Storytelling: Literature Review, Christie Lebrun

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

As immigrant families settle in their host culture, acculturative stress occurs affecting an individuals’ identity development, as well as the family dynamic. The task of maintaining their heritage culture and navigating through the host culture challenges many first generation American and immigrant adolescents, often unsure which culture, or possibly both, best aligns with their identity. Both parent and child alike experience the acculturation process, although children acculturate into the host culture faster than their parents do. This difference in acculturation speed creates a gap that ultimately affects the family dynamic and the parent-child relationship. However, it is the opinion of …

When Inexpressible Becomes Expressible: The Duality Of Narrative In Graphic Memoirs Of Growing Up And Trauma, Nina Hanee Jang

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines two graphic memoirs: Lynda Barry’s One Hundred Demons (2002), and David Small’s Stitches (2009) to elucidate the connections between the duality of narrative in graphic memoirs and the subject of childhood trauma. I begin by observing how the inexpressible memories of childhood trauma become expressible through the platform of graphic narrative that allows the authors to illustrate rather than verbalize the memories. Following this analysis, I examine the aspects of embodiment and materiality in the two memoirs demonstrating how the form of graphic narrative enables the authors to effectively bring back their memories and become the witnesses …