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Hemispheric Asymmetries For Accessing The Phonological Representation Of Single Printed Words., Christopher H. Domen
Hemispheric Asymmetries For Accessing The Phonological Representation Of Single Printed Words., Christopher H. Domen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The differential abilities of the cerebral hemispheres to access the phonological representation of printed words was investigated using a visual half-field paradigm in which participants performed a lexical decision task for target words primed by semantic associates (e.g., TOAD-FROG), homophones of words semantically associated to target words (e.g., TOWED-FROG), and unrelated control words (e.g., FINK-FROG, PLASM-FROG). At a short stimulus onset asynchrony (165 ms), significant priming was obtained for both semantic and homophonic associates regardless of visual field of presentation, although the effects were much less robust for the left visual field/right hemisphere. Thus, both hemispheres seem to initially have …
Perceived Control And Negative Outcome Expectancy As Mediators Of Problem Gamblers' Readiness To Change And Predictors Of Abstinence Versus Moderation As Change Goal., Sharon Leela Elizabeth Jeyakumar
Perceived Control And Negative Outcome Expectancy As Mediators Of Problem Gamblers' Readiness To Change And Predictors Of Abstinence Versus Moderation As Change Goal., Sharon Leela Elizabeth Jeyakumar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of the present study was to examine why some gamblers experience shifts in motivational readiness to change their gambling practices while others do not. This cross-sectional study of gamblers at different points across the spectrum of change attempted to extend the Addicted-self model of recovery to the study of problem gambling by examining the associations of perceived control and negative outcome expectancy with gamblers' readiness to change. The present study also investigated the interaction of these two constructs in predicting gamblers' choice of change goals. To facilitate this investigation, the present study sought to validate newly-developed measures of …
Gambling Seen Through Russian Eyes: Understanding The Russian Gambling Experience., Andrew Bohdan Pleshkevich
Gambling Seen Through Russian Eyes: Understanding The Russian Gambling Experience., Andrew Bohdan Pleshkevich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Russian culture has played a prominent role on the world stage for centuries. Increasingly, through immigration, it has come into close contact with other cultures. Recent years have seen dramatic changes in Russian society, among which have been significant increases in addictions such as alcoholism and drug use, and a phenomenal increase in gambling opportunities. This study empirically examined aspects of Russian worldview, the "cultural lens" through which people view themselves and the world around them. It also examined gambling and its correlates and the relationships between worldview and gambling. Doing so led to the observations that relative to Canadians, …
Factors Facilitating Therapist Performance In Interventions For Autistic Children: Comparing Parents And Professionals., Andrea Zicherman
Factors Facilitating Therapist Performance In Interventions For Autistic Children: Comparing Parents And Professionals., Andrea Zicherman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study compared professional behaviour therapists with parents of children with autism trained as therapists for their children. The groups were compared on several therapist variables that contribute to effective therapist performance. Participants included 36 professionals and 33 parents between the ages of 21 and 57. They completed questionnaires examining their knowledge of behavioural principles, self-efficacy, social support resources, and beliefs in the efficacy of behavioural interventions. Parents had significantly less social support than did the professionals. Among participants with high socioeconomic backgrounds, parents also were less satisfied with their support than were professionals. No other group differences were found …
Navigating The Autism Diagnostic System: Implications For Earlier Identification., Alison Ann Spadafora
Navigating The Autism Diagnostic System: Implications For Earlier Identification., Alison Ann Spadafora
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Autism Spectrum Disorders are characterized by repetitive, stereotyped behaviours and impairments in communication and socialization. The present research examined parents' experiences during the course of obtaining an autism diagnosis for their children. Participants, who resided throughout Ontario, were recruited through the Autism Society of Ontario and the Summit Centre Preschool for Children with Autism. The questionnaire was designed for the present research and focused on parents' initial concerns about their children's development and attempts at seeking professional help. By parent report, the children were diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (N = 52), Asperger's Disorder (N = 7) and PDD-NOS (N = …
Utility Of The Cvlt-Ii Short Form: Differentiating Between Subgroups Of Stroke, Chand Taneja
Utility Of The Cvlt-Ii Short Form: Differentiating Between Subgroups Of Stroke, Chand Taneja
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective. The Short Form of the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II SF) is used to screen ability to learn and recall verbal information. The objective of the current study is to examine psychometric properties of the CVLT-II SF in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation sample, with a focus on this tool's ability to differentiate between performances of three groups of individuals with stroke. Participants and methods. Archival data from 75 admissions for inpatient stroke rehabilitation are included in the study. Cronbach's alpha and the Spearman-Brown split-half method are used to examine internal consistency of the learning trials, and …
How Does Forgiveness Work To Improve Mental Health?, Kathleen J. M. Schwartzenberger
How Does Forgiveness Work To Improve Mental Health?, Kathleen J. M. Schwartzenberger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Many people are consumed with anger, depression, and/or anxiety as a result of harboring feelings of resentment towards an individual who has offended them. Refusing to forgive holds deleterious mental health consequences for the victim; however, forgiveness yields reductions in anger, depression, and anxiety. But, little is known regarding how forgiveness works to improve mental health. Rumination, repetitive and intrusive thoughts about the offense or emotions elicited by the offense, may exacerbate and maintain the negative emotions educed by the offense. Consequently, this study evaluated rumination as a mediator between forgiveness and mental health, hypothesizing that forgiveness works to improve …
Acculturation Strategies, And Psychological, Sociocultural And Academic Adaptation In Canadian Aboriginal Post-Secondary Students., Desiree Abotossaway
Acculturation Strategies, And Psychological, Sociocultural And Academic Adaptation In Canadian Aboriginal Post-Secondary Students., Desiree Abotossaway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current study investigated the relationship between Canadian Aboriginal post-secondary students' preferred acculturation strategy, and their psychological, sociocultural, and academic adaptation. Fifty-one Aboriginal post-secondary students participated in the study; analyses of their responses suggest that Aboriginal students adopting a bicultural strategy will experience less depression and greater life satisfaction when compared to Aboriginal students adopting other acculturation strategies. With regard to sociocultural adaptation, it appears that Aboriginal students adopting either an assimilation or bicultural strategy will experience fewer social difficulties while attending post-secondary school than Aboriginal students adopting a separation strategy. In terms of academic adaptation, results indicate that Aboriginal …
Aggressive And Non-Aggressive Preschoolers' Problem-Solving: The Role Of Maternal Scaffolding., Robert Clark
Aggressive And Non-Aggressive Preschoolers' Problem-Solving: The Role Of Maternal Scaffolding., Robert Clark
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aggressive children suffer from deficits with respect to their ability to self-regulate. One way caregivers foster their children's self-regulatory development is through the teaching of problem-solving skills. This study examined the role of maternal scaffolding in terms of its relationship to children's aggression and social competence. Sixty mother-child dyads (30 aggressive, 30 non-aggressive) engaged in a 10-minute structured task (ERA; Clarke, Musick, Stott, Klehr, & Cohler, 1984). Utilizing the Parental Scaffolding Coding Manual (Neitzel & Stright, 2003), mothers were assessed with respect to 7 scaffolding behaviours encompassing cognitive, emotional, and autonomy support. The results revealed that compared to mothers of …
Emotional Competence In Siblings: Influence Of Parent And Child Characteristics., Catharine Helen Lee
Emotional Competence In Siblings: Influence Of Parent And Child Characteristics., Catharine Helen Lee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This investigation provides preliminary evidence for the relative contribution of parent and child characteristics to emotional competence in siblings. A sample of 96 families with at least two children between 6 and 12 years of age participated. The participating parents completed measures of parenting attributes, child personality, and child's ability to regulate emotions for each participating child. At the same time, the children's language ability was evaluated and they were interviewed regarding their understanding of emotion. Preliminary analyses revealed that parental report of emotion regulation ability was not significantly correlated with emotion understanding scores for either younger or older siblings. …
What Happens When Grrrls Riot? The Relationship Between Feminism And Eating Pathology In Adolescent Girls, Jillian M. Leggatt
What Happens When Grrrls Riot? The Relationship Between Feminism And Eating Pathology In Adolescent Girls, Jillian M. Leggatt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over the past fifty years there has been a marked increase in the prevalence of eating disorders (Steiner & Lock, 1998) with women making up the vast majority of sufferers (Mussell, Binford, & Fulkerson, 2000). Growing up female in today's society is a risk factor for eating disorders. Although girls have more opportunities than previously, they are also confronted with powerful cultural messages to please others, through being beautiful, thin, helpful, caring, and self-sacrificing (Weiland Bowling, Schindler Zimmerman, & Carlson Daniels, 2000). As such, teenage girls are more likely than previous generations to struggle with eating disorders, poor self-image, substance …
Self-Esteem Reactivity To Mood Induction Procedures: Investigating Cognitive Vulnerabilities Within The Diathesis-Stress Model Of Depression., Daniel P. Taylor
Self-Esteem Reactivity To Mood Induction Procedures: Investigating Cognitive Vulnerabilities Within The Diathesis-Stress Model Of Depression., Daniel P. Taylor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Although self-esteem reactivity plays a crucial role in the diathesis/stress model of depression, refinement of the interactions between variables included in this model is required. Specifically, the current research examined the extent to which cognitive-priming versus mood-state theory explains changes in participants' self-evaluations across multiple domains after exposure to experimental procedures that simulated positive and negative life events. Of the 212 undergraduate student participants who completed the pretest phase, 179 (128 female, 51 male) participants completed the experimental phase. Eighteen participants were excluded from the experimental phase due to elevated depression scores. The experimental methodology involved random assignment of participants …
Depth Of Experiencing As A Client Prognostic Variable In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse., Lori K. Robichaud
Depth Of Experiencing As A Client Prognostic Variable In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse., Lori K. Robichaud
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The term "experiencing" has been used to describe the quality of clients' engagement with their own internal experience (e.g., thoughts, feelings, images) during therapy. The present study investigated the relationship between depth of experiencing as a client characteristic and outcomes in Emotion-Focused Therapy for Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (EFT-AS). The study utilized archival data (audiotaped treatment sessions and self-report outcome measures) collected from 37 EFT-AS clients, who were dealing with issues of past emotional, physical, or sexual childhood abuse (Paivio & Nieuwenhuis, 2001). Clients' depth of experiencing was rated early in the therapy process during clients' discussion of core …
Self-Concealment As A Predictor Of Psychotherapy Outcome., Nicole D. Wild
Self-Concealment As A Predictor Of Psychotherapy Outcome., Nicole D. Wild
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Psychotherapy research is aimed at discovering factors and mechanisms that influence therapy outcome to guide provision of effective treatment. One client factor that has received recent attention is self-concealment, which is a predisposition to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing or negative (Larson & Chastain, 1990). Self-concealment has been studied in relation to attitudes toward therapy, willingness to seek therapy, and therapeutic progress. The findings, however, have been inconclusive and researchers have not studied self-concealment in relation to therapy outcome. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between self-concealment and distress …
Functional Impairment In Pdd-Nos: Predicting Outcome At A Two-Year Follow-Up., Lena Janine Freeman
Functional Impairment In Pdd-Nos: Predicting Outcome At A Two-Year Follow-Up., Lena Janine Freeman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Examined the early history characteristics and symptom patterns of children with an initial diagnosis of either Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD NOS) or Autistic Disorder, and identified predictors of changing functional ability. Participants were 59 children (48 male, 11 female) who were first assessed at 3 to 4 years of age, and re-assessed two years later (M = 26.00 months, SD = 12.43). Based on the results of the follow-up assessment three groups were identified: children with a stable diagnosis of PDD-NOS (Stable PDD-NOS), a stable diagnosis of autism (Stable Autism), and those whose diagnosis changed from PDD-NOS …
Coping Styles And Early Experiences Of Victimization In Sexually Abusive And Delinquent Youth., Julia Ungar
Coping Styles And Early Experiences Of Victimization In Sexually Abusive And Delinquent Youth., Julia Ungar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined coping skills and experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in four groups of offenders (i.e., those who have committed Sexual (SO), Violent (VO), Violent and Sexual (VSO), and Other offences), and in two subgroups of sexual offenders (i.e., child molesters and perpetrators against peers/adults). The study also sought to determine whether coping skills predicted the severity of sexual offending, as gauged by the number of victims, the degree of victim-offender physical contact, and the variety of sexually abusive behaviours. Archival data on 471 adolescent males from two correctional facilities in Michigan were used. Coping was assessed using …
Anger Expression As A Predictor Of Outcome In Emotion Focused Therapy With Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse., Marc F. Carriere
Anger Expression As A Predictor Of Outcome In Emotion Focused Therapy With Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse., Marc F. Carriere
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present process-outcome study is a follow-up to an outcome study evaluating emotion-focused therapy for adult survivors of childhood abuse (Paivio & Nieuwenhuis, 2001). The Quality of Anger Expression Scale (QAES) was constructed as a measure of the quality of anger process during imaginal confrontation interventions (IC) over the course of treatment. Scores on the QAES were used to predict outcome. Findings support the predictive ability of the QAES on interpersonal dimensions and resolution of abuse-related issues. However, QAES did not independently predict outcome when controlling for contributions of the working alliance and the level of engagement in the IC …
Process Characteristics Of Client-Identified Helpful Events In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse (Eft-As)., Karen Anne Marie Holowaty
Process Characteristics Of Client-Identified Helpful Events In Emotion-Focused Therapy For Adult Survivors Of Childhood Abuse (Eft-As)., Karen Anne Marie Holowaty
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have investigated client views of helpful processes within trauma therapies, and it is not known whether clients find controversial reexperiencing interventions useful. The present study used archival data (client self-report questionnaires, interviews, and videotapes of therapy sessions) collected as part of a larger process-outcome investigation (Paivio & Nieuwenhuis, 2001) to examine process characteristics of client-identified helpful events (HE) (N = 29) and researcher-identified control events (CE) (N = 29) in Emotion Focused Therapy for Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse (EFT-AS). HE were identified by clients on Helpful Aspects of Therapy Questionnaires (HAT; R. Elliott, 1985; Llewelyn, 1988) and …
Psychopathology In Asian Indian Children: Links With Emotion Regulation And Socialization., Vaishali Vidhatri Raval
Psychopathology In Asian Indian Children: Links With Emotion Regulation And Socialization., Vaishali Vidhatri Raval
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite the recognition of cultural differences in the prevalence of psychological disorders and in general attitudes towards mental illness, very few studies have examined childhood psychopathology in cultures other than North America. This study investigated the role of children's emotion regulation and maternal socialization in psychopathology in Asian Indian children. Mothers of 602 children (between six and eight years) from a middle-class urban community in Gujarat, India rated psychiatric symptomatology in their children using Gujarati adaptation of the Child Behavior Checklist (Raval et al., 2003). The ratings were used to identify children who presented with internalizing problems (n = 31), …
Parental Socialization Of Emotion And Affect Recognition In School-Aged Children., Christine Agar
Parental Socialization Of Emotion And Affect Recognition In School-Aged Children., Christine Agar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the present study, parental socialization of emotions was examined in relation to children's ability to identify affect. Two hypotheses were examined, with the first positing that variance in children's affect recognition could be explained by examining parents' self-report of acceptance of their children's emotions and the second positing that variance in children's affect recognition could be explained by examining parents' self-report of expressiveness in the family. Thirty children ages 5- to 10-years-old identified emotions depicted in emotion-eliciting vignettes and in computer-displayed photographs of facial expressions. Vignette responses were measured for accuracy, while verbal responses on the computer portion of …
Neuropsychological Differentiation Of Children And Adults With And Without Non-Psychotic, Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder., Saadia-Anne. Ahmad
Neuropsychological Differentiation Of Children And Adults With And Without Non-Psychotic, Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder., Saadia-Anne. Ahmad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current investigation was conducted to see if it would be possible to differentiate groups of participants with and without depression based on data from a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The first goal was to apply cluster analytic algorithms to the neuropsychological data for participants with and without depression. This was conducted in separate procedures for the child and adult groups. The second goal was to examine the internal validity of the groups, using multiple clustering algorithms. The third goal was to examine if internally valid solutions represented groups or subgroups that were comprised by a large majority of participants with …
Cultural, Familial And Individual Correlates Of Eating Pathology And Extreme Weight Loss Behaviours Among Greek And Italian Second-Generation Immigrant Women., Gavriela Geller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research in the field of cross-cultural eating disorders suggests that eating pathology may be more prevalent among immigrant women than women in their country of origin or their new country of residence. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that predict eating pathology and extreme weight loss behaviours among Greek and Italian second-generation immigrant women. A second goal was to determine how culture-change was related to eating pathology by comparing several models of acculturation. 110 Greek and Italian women were recruited through several means including the introductory psychology participant pool, cultural organizations and snowball sampling methods. …
Defining And Evaluating Non-Academic (In)Competence And Personal (Un)Suitability In Clinical Training: Exploring The Role Of Personality And Interpersonal Skills., Tricia E. Schottler
Defining And Evaluating Non-Academic (In)Competence And Personal (Un)Suitability In Clinical Training: Exploring The Role Of Personality And Interpersonal Skills., Tricia E. Schottler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study represented an attempt to define what individuals involved in the human service professions believe are the necessary personal and interpersonal skills required to demonstrate "clinical" or "non-academic" competence. Participants' opinions of the importance of these personality dimensions and interpersonal skills, as well as their perceptions concerning their assessment, teaching, and remediation were explored. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-07, Section: B, page: 3723. Adviser: Jim Porter. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004.
Predicting Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Using Three Self-Disclosure Variables., Samantha S. Scapinello
Predicting Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Using Three Self-Disclosure Variables., Samantha S. Scapinello
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three self-disclosure variables have been associated with romantic relationship satisfaction: (1) personal self-disclosure, (2) partner self-disclosure, and (3) the difference between the two. This study re-examines the relation between each of these self-disclosure variables and males' and females' romantic relationship satisfaction. This study also provides answers to two novel questions: (1) which self-disclosure variable best predicts males' romantic relationship satisfaction, and (2) which best predicts females' romantic relationship satisfaction. Participants were 124 heterosexual couples who completed the following four measures: the Background Inventory, the Self-Disclosure Index, the Dyadic Satisfaction Subscale, and the Relationship Assessment Scale. Results indicated that only two …
Predictors Of Treatment-Seeking In Women With Subthreshold And Full-Syndrome Bulimia., Jeremy. Frank
Predictors Of Treatment-Seeking In Women With Subthreshold And Full-Syndrome Bulimia., Jeremy. Frank
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite the fact that a variety of treatments for psychological disorders have been shown to be effective, a significant proportion of individuals who experience psychological problems do not seek professional help. Women with bulimia are particularly unlikely to seek help, with lower help seeking rates than those of individuals with other common psychological disorders (Smalec & Klingle, 2000). In the current study, qualitative interviews of 11 women with bulimic symptoms and 17 clinicians with expertise in the treatment of bulimia resulted in the development of a 53-item self-report measure of bulimic exclusive treatment fears. In a second quantitative stage of …
An Empirically Derived Typology Of Behaviour Problems Based On Parent Ratings Of Preschool Children., Mohsan R. Beg
An Empirically Derived Typology Of Behaviour Problems Based On Parent Ratings Of Preschool Children., Mohsan R. Beg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to build upon prior efforts to produce a meaningful typology of preschool children's behaviour problems. Distinct empirically-derived subtypes were identified through the use of cluster analytic techniques and the reliability and validity of generated subtypes was tested. Archival data were collected on a sample of 268 children, aged 2 1/2 to 5-years old, who were referred for an initial screening to determine their suitability for an Assessment/Day treatment program within a preschool children's mental health centre. Parents of the referred children had completed the Parent Rating Scales for Preschool Children from the Behavior …
Comparing Wais-Iii Profiles Of Traumatic Brain Injury And Chronic Pain., Cherisse Margo. Mckay
Comparing Wais-Iii Profiles Of Traumatic Brain Injury And Chronic Pain., Cherisse Margo. Mckay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neuropsychological phenomenon characterized by both behavioural and cognitive sequelae, the most common of which include working memory and information processing deficits. To improve its usefulness as a neuropsychological measure, the newest revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the WAIS-III, developed specific tasks tapping these deficits (e.g., Symbol Search, Letter-Number Sequencing). Despite considerable research examining WAIS performance in TBI sufferers, previous research failed to compare TBI sufferers to other clinical groups with observed processing speed deficits, such as chronic pain sufferers. This study compared the WAIS-III profiles of both mild and moderate-severe TBI …
An Examination Of Health-Related Quality Of Life For Individuals With Hiv-Infection., Aiko. Yamamoto
An Examination Of Health-Related Quality Of Life For Individuals With Hiv-Infection., Aiko. Yamamoto
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the improvements in morbidity and mortality as a result of new antiretroviral treatments, the examination of health related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important consideration of client care. This study was a 15-month prospective examination of the underlying factor structure, test-retest reliability, and clinical utility of the widely used Medical Outcomes Study-HIV HRQOL instrument (MOS-HIV). Factor analysis of the MOS-HIV Physical Function, Role Function, Pain, Social Function, Overall Health, Fatigue, Cognitive Function, Health Distress, Quality of Life, and Mental Health dimensions resulted in mental health (MHS) and physical health (PHS) summary factors. Analysis of the individual MOS-HIV …
Motivational Versus Directive Interventions In The Treatment Of Eating Disorders: Adolescents' Perspectives., Shannon Lorraine. Zaitsoff
Motivational Versus Directive Interventions In The Treatment Of Eating Disorders: Adolescents' Perspectives., Shannon Lorraine. Zaitsoff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have examined readiness and motivation for change in adolescents with eating disorders, or the effectiveness of motivational interventions in this population. Purposes. To examine the perceptions of adolescents' with eating disorders toward written descriptions of motivational and directive interventions in relation to engagement in treatment, and how these perceptions relate to adolescents' own readiness and motivation for change. To explore factors that adolescents with eating disorders identify as important in influencing engagement in therapy. Methods. Thirty-nine female adolescents recruited from eating disorder programs participated in this research. Participants were interviewed using hypothetical vignettes depicting motivational and directive interventions, …
Young Adult Parasuicidal Behaviour, Problematic Love Relationships, And Shame., Michael Edward Anthony. Oosterhoff
Young Adult Parasuicidal Behaviour, Problematic Love Relationships, And Shame., Michael Edward Anthony. Oosterhoff
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to address the absence of psychological theory explaining the nature of young adult parasuicide by moving beyond the generic demographic and epidemiological correlates and developing a more focussed and practically viable conception of the psychological processes involved. Three hundred twenty-seven young adults (ages 18--25) were recruited to develop this psychological conception. Building upon past investigation that demonstrated problematic romantic and family relationships were related to depression and suicidal behaviour in young adults, this current research examined three additional developmentally relevant variables. These variables, shame, self diversity, and interpersonal dependence, are conceptually linked with the …