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Developing Thinking In L2 Speaking: Evidence From Spatial-Temporal System In Chinese And English Learners, Pei-Ni Causarano
Developing Thinking In L2 Speaking: Evidence From Spatial-Temporal System In Chinese And English Learners, Pei-Ni Causarano
Linguistics ETDs
Spatial and temporal expressions cross-linguistically are metaphorical can present a difficult challenge during second language acquisition. This dissertation expands on Slobins (1996) study of 'first-language thinking in second-language speaking,' and applies linguistic relativity theory and Vygotsky's theory on thought and language to investigate how L1 thinking influences L2 speaking in Chinese native speakers learning English and English native speakers learning Chinese. It examines (a) habitual language use of spatial and temporal referents cross-linguistically and (b) dynamic changes of spatial and spatial-temporal expressions in L2 learners across proficiency levels. Some 41 CLLs and ELLs at four proficiency levels participated in this …
Variable Education Exposure And Cognitive Task Performance Among The Tsimane, Forager-Horticulturalists., Helen Elizabeth Davis
Variable Education Exposure And Cognitive Task Performance Among The Tsimane, Forager-Horticulturalists., Helen Elizabeth Davis
Anthropology ETDs
At present, we know very little about the transition from traditional learning skills to models of standardized learning, and how it can influence the way one understands and solves problems. This research will examine cognitive performance and the factors affecting variation across communities and between individuals as it changes with age. The objective of this dissertation is to measure cognitive performance among children between 8 and 18 years of age exposed to variable levels of formal schooling in order to investigate three main research questions: (1) Whether exposure to schooling and increased performance in school-based abilities, such as math and …
Afro-Colombians And The Encroachment Of Paramilitaries On The African Palm Oil Sector, Stacie Hecht
Afro-Colombians And The Encroachment Of Paramilitaries On The African Palm Oil Sector, Stacie Hecht
Anthropology ETDs
The African palm oil industry in Colombia has burgeoned in the last decade, with state-sanctioned promotions and new developmental productions for the expansion of these plantations seeking to provide economic stability for the country. In addition, with the passing of the Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Colombia in 2011, as well as deals with several European countries for the exportation of the product, comes an even greater demand than previously known for the industry. However, the continuation of this endeavor will lead to the devastation of the bio-diverse lands being used for economic gains. Furthermore, palm oil …
The Paradoxes Of Poverty: Urban Space And Ideologies Of Intervention In The "Compassionate" City Of San Francisco, Andrea Lopez
The Paradoxes Of Poverty: Urban Space And Ideologies Of Intervention In The "Compassionate" City Of San Francisco, Andrea Lopez
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation examines a subset of urban poor women who live at the nexus of poverty and housing instability and who are exposed to multiple forms of violence and intense bodily suffering. I conducted two years of ethnographic research with a cohort of unstably housed women who have long histories of illicit drug use and who cycle between multiple single room occupancy hotels in two San Francisco neighborhoods. In this dissertation, I take as my analytic object the examination of the key institutional sites (what I call the local geography of hypermarginality) and the strategies for intervention deployed by the …
"Ellos Son Mi Familia." Testing The Embodied Capital Theory In Dominican Populations In The Dominican Republic And In New York City, Elvira Pichardo
"Ellos Son Mi Familia." Testing The Embodied Capital Theory In Dominican Populations In The Dominican Republic And In New York City, Elvira Pichardo
Anthropology ETDs
This dissertation explores the conditions under which Dominican women invest in their own embodied capital and the embodied capital of their offspring, focusing on the tradeoffs between quantity and quality and income and stability using two different labor market economies in the Dominican Republic and in New York City. The main goals of this dissertation include three specific aims: (1) to identify different political economies and their impact on the same cultural/ethnic group, (2) to understand how access to different educational and employment opportunities influences variation in reproductive timing, considering ways in which birth control and birth spacing might facilitate …
Aberrant Neurogenic And Epigenetic Processes Are Associated With Depression Induced By Developmental Arsenic Exposure, Christina Rene Tyler
Aberrant Neurogenic And Epigenetic Processes Are Associated With Depression Induced By Developmental Arsenic Exposure, Christina Rene Tyler
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Arsenic is a pervasive environmental contaminant derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Epidemiological evidence supports a correlation between arsenic exposure in drinking water and increased rates of psychiatric disorders, including depression, in exposed populations. Previous studies have established that perinatal exposure to arsenic (through all three trimesters of fetal/neonatal development, DAE) has long-lasting consequences into adulthood including deficits in learning and memory, molecular aberrations in the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis, and depressive-like symptoms in mice. The studies described in this dissertation were designed to assess the impact of DAE on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a possible mechanism of action …
The Role Of Mir-137 In Schizophrenia, Carrie Leigh Wright
The Role Of Mir-137 In Schizophrenia, Carrie Leigh Wright
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is still largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that a microRNA (miRNA), miR-137 may be involved. The first large schizophrenia genome wide association (GWAS) study, published in 2011, identified a variant within the host gene of this miRNA (MIR-137) as the top association. Since then, further evidence for the potential influence of this miRNA within the disorder has accumulated. These studies used a variety of methods from GWAS to neuroimaging. However, few studies have evaluated the mechanism for the association of the MIR-137 variant, nor how alterations in the miRNA may have downstream effects on its …
Metadata Determination For A Cadaveric Collection, Shamsi Berry
Metadata Determination For A Cadaveric Collection, Shamsi Berry
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
The number, size and complexity of research databases continue to grow unabated. Yet, despite significant advances in information technology, scientists continue to struggle with 'data wrangling' or issues of finding, sharing, and reusing data, often for unanticipated future purposes. Most research databases are designed ad hoc, by native investigators for specific research functions and immediate needs with little to no input from database designers, informaticians, or other subject matter experts. Little thought is usually given to the implications of future data retrieval, sharing and reuse. When the needs of future investigators or research requirements change, the original design of the …
Investigation Into The Early Events Of Epithelial Wound Healing And Hpv16 Infection, Michael Kivitz
Investigation Into The Early Events Of Epithelial Wound Healing And Hpv16 Infection, Michael Kivitz
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
HPV16 infection evidently occurs within wounded epithelial tissue, but the cellular and molecular events that culminate in infection establishment remain poorly understood. While HPV is exposed to a multitude of cells in the wound environment, only hyperproliferative keratinocytes are believed to support productive infection. Keratinocytes acquire mobility during wound repair by undergoing prominent phenotypic alterations through an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, cell- and tissue-based models were employed to characterize HPV infection during epithelial wound healing, using both physical injury and growth factor treatment to induce keratinocyte migration. In a tissue-based model of wounding and infection using NIKS-derived organotypic …
Dna Chemical Reaction Network Design Synthesis And Compilation, M. Leigh Fanning
Dna Chemical Reaction Network Design Synthesis And Compilation, M. Leigh Fanning
Computer Science ETDs
The advantages of biomolecular computing include 1) the ability to interface with, monitor, and intelligently protect and maintain the functionality of living systems, 2) the ability to create computational devices with minimal energy needs and hazardous waste production during manufacture and lifecycle, 3) the ability to store large amounts of information for extremely long time periods, and 4) the ability to create computation analogous to human brain function. To realize these advantages over electronics, biomolecular computing is at a watershed moment in its evolution. Computing with entire molecules presents different challenges and requirements than computing just with electric charge. These …
We Put Down Our Guns And Picked Up Microphones: Community Radio As A Conduit For Community Development In Guatemala, Elizabeth Halpin
We Put Down Our Guns And Picked Up Microphones: Community Radio As A Conduit For Community Development In Guatemala, Elizabeth Halpin
Latin American Studies ETDs
The intent of this thesis is to explore how community radio in Guatemala is used as a tool for community development. The concept of development I use is based off the idea that in order to build and maintain a sustainable quality of life there must be a solid community foundation for social capacity. Approaching radio as a conduit for change, I examine the various roles the radio takes on in order to enhance the overall quality of life by serving as (1) a channel for community knowledge; (2) a platform for indigenous rights; (3) a pillar for community solidarity; …
Bridging Structure And Function In Semi-Arid Ecosystems By Integrating Remote Sensing And Ground Based Measurements, Dan Krofcheck
Bridging Structure And Function In Semi-Arid Ecosystems By Integrating Remote Sensing And Ground Based Measurements, Dan Krofcheck
Biology ETDs
The Southwestern US is projected to continue the current significant warming trend, with increased variability in the timing and magnitude of rainfall events. The effects of these changes in climate are already evident in the form of multi-year droughts which have resulted in the widespread mortality of woody vegetation across the region. Therefore, the need to monitor and model forest mortality and carbon dynamics at the landscape and regional scale is an essential component of regional and global climate mitigation strategies, and critical if we are to understand how the imminent state transitions taking place in forests globally will affect …
Community Ecology, Climate Change And Ecohydrology In Desert Grassland And Shrubland, Matthew Petrie
Community Ecology, Climate Change And Ecohydrology In Desert Grassland And Shrubland, Matthew Petrie
Biology ETDs
This dissertation explores the climate, ecology and hydrology of Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems in the context of global climate change. In coming decades, the southwestern United States is projected to experience greater temperature-driven aridity, possible small decreases in annual precipitation, and a later onset of summer monsoon rainfall. These changes may have profound consequences for ecological systems in the Chihuahuan Desert, which are intensely water-limited and respond to even small pulses of moisture availability. The first chapter (Chapter 2) compares change in the properties of monsoon season precipitation from 1910-2010 in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region to local variability in monsoon …
Aret: A Novel Regulator Of Alternative Splicing In The Flight Muscle Transcripts In Drosophila Melanogaster, Sandy T. Oas
Aret: A Novel Regulator Of Alternative Splicing In The Flight Muscle Transcripts In Drosophila Melanogaster, Sandy T. Oas
Biology ETDs
Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism for understanding muscle development. Drosophila flight and jump muscles are distinct functionally and biochemically. This distinction is due to differentially expressed genes and differentially spliced mRNA transcripts. The exact mechanism of alternative splicing in somatic muscles is not well characterized. Aret was previously shown to be a transcriptional repressor, and has been implicated in splicing regulation based upon literature analysis and preliminary work. This study aims to define the regulatory role of Aret and the impact of alternative splicing on determining muscle diversification and fiber choice. We indicate the importance of …
Bacteriophage Host-Range Expansion To Include Two Strains Of Clostridium Sporogenes, Kevin Crown
Bacteriophage Host-Range Expansion To Include Two Strains Of Clostridium Sporogenes, Kevin Crown
Biology ETDs
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, which have been used to treat bacterial infections in people for decades. They are also now being used as FDA approved preservatives as a means to prevent the growth of spoiling bacteria in many ready-to-eat foods. Bacteriophages tend to infect a very narrow range of bacterial hosts, some only a single sub-strain. When used for therapeutics or food treatment however, it is desirable to use phages that are promiscuous in their host range. This has led to attempts to broaden the host range of the most useful phages. By passaging phages in co-cultures of …
Transformative Skin: The Ongoing Legacy Of Inuit And Yupik Women's Tattoos, Mariah Carrillo
Transformative Skin: The Ongoing Legacy Of Inuit And Yupik Women's Tattoos, Mariah Carrillo
Art & Art History ETDs
Feminine indigenous tattoo traditions of the American Arctic have often been overlooked in scholarly literature due to colonial pre-conceptions regarding native gender roles and the nature of adornment. Modern Euro-American conceptions of skin and self often rely on rigid, essentialized categories, such as race and gender, to mark identity onto the individual body. However, the Inuit and Yupik peoples of Alaska and Canada regarded personal essence as fluid and transformative, a belief made visible in the networks of sewn lines that declared a womans status and agency. This text examines both written ethnological records and a diverse range of material …
A Morphological Phylogenetic Analysis And Taxonomic Revision Of The Millipede Family Atopetholidae (Chamberlin) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) With Descriptions Of New Species And The Conservation Status Of Comanchelus Chihuanus (Chamberlin 1947) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Atopetholidae), A Species Of Concern., Michael Medrano
Biology ETDs
The taxa of family Atopetholidae Chamberlin 1918 occurring in the southwestern US and Mexico, including Baja California, are revised with new records and species from collections that have never been evaluated. Five new genera, Aculeulus, Bajabolus, Choixulus, Pinnaulus and Tamaulus and twenty new species, Aculeulus monicae, Arinolus anahiae, Arinolus sequoiaensis, Arinolus shelleyi, Atopetholus lowreyi, Atopetholus milleri, Atopetholus westi, Bajabolus bernadinoensis, Bajabolus lapazensis, Choixulus valdezi, Eurelus alisonae, Eurelus isaiasi, Eurelus marisae, Pinnaulus fieldsi, Tamaulus brantleyae, Tamaulus justini, Tamaulus maribelleae, Tamaulus miae, Tamaulus wardae and Watichelus sheari are described using morphological data and 18 synonyms are proposed for a total fauna of …
Advanced Network Inference Techniques Based On Network Protocol Stack Information Leaks, Roya Ensafi
Advanced Network Inference Techniques Based On Network Protocol Stack Information Leaks, Roya Ensafi
Computer Science ETDs
Side channels are channels of implicit information flow that can be used to find out information that is not allowed to flow through explicit channels. This thesis focuses on network side channels, where information flow occurs in the TCP/IP network stack implementations of operating systems. I will describe three new types of idle scans: a SYN backlog idle scan, a RST rate-limit idle scan, and a hybrid idle scan. Idle scans are special types of side channels that are designed to help someone performing a network measurement (typically an attacker or a researcher) to infer something about the network that …
Isotopic Constraints On Atmospheric Moisture Transport Processes In South America, Kimberly Samuels-Crow
Isotopic Constraints On Atmospheric Moisture Transport Processes In South America, Kimberly Samuels-Crow
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The water cycle in the tropics and subtropics exerts a strong influence on Earth's climate. Isotopic ratios in modern water vapor can provide us with insights into low-latitude moisture-transport processes in the modern climate system, recorded in paleoclimate proxy records, and in general circulation models that we rely on to understand how our climate is changing. Advances in satellite and groundbased instruments in the past decade have improved measurements of isotopes in water vapor. In this study, I focus on satellite (chapters 2 and 3) and ground-based (chapters 2 and 4) measurements of isotopes in atmospheric water vapor to evaluate …
Continental-Scale Isotope Hydrology, Scott Jasechko
Continental-Scale Isotope Hydrology, Scott Jasechko
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Providing sustainable sources of fresh water for a growing population of 7 billion people is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century. This dissertation outlines several applications of isotope hydrology to address four previously unknown questions involving surface- and ground-water resources at regional- to continental-spatial scales over contemporary- to millennial-temporal scales. The four chapters in this dissertation investigate (1) the rate of plant transpiration, (2) the seasonality of groundwater recharge, (3) the climate of the last ice age, and (4) the chemistry of Ugandan waters. (1) Chapter one presents a new global compilation of lake water isotopic data, …
Characterization Of Fluvial Facies Distributions And Cyclicity Using Terrestrial Lidar: Paleocene Nacimiento Formation, Kutz Canyon, New Mexico, Jeffrey Carritt
Characterization Of Fluvial Facies Distributions And Cyclicity Using Terrestrial Lidar: Paleocene Nacimiento Formation, Kutz Canyon, New Mexico, Jeffrey Carritt
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The fluvial deposits of the early Paleocene Nacimiento Formation are comprised of variegrated mudstones with interbedded paleosols and channel sandstone bodies. This study documents these strata in a ~1 km2 outcrop area at Kutz Canyon, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, by employing fully georeferenced lidar intensity data collected from a terrestrial lidar scanner and an outcrop surface model constructed from the lidar data and calibrated digital field photographs. At this location, the lidar intensity data are responsive to lithology and distinct lidar facies are identified which correspond to facies types described in measured stratigraphic sections. One dimensional lidar intensity logs …
An Imbricate Mid Crustal Suture Zone: The Mojave-Yavapai Province Boundary In Grand Canyon, Arizona, Mark Holland
An Imbricate Mid Crustal Suture Zone: The Mojave-Yavapai Province Boundary In Grand Canyon, Arizona, Mark Holland
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The Mojave and Yavapai provinces in southwestern Laurentia contain evolved and juvenile crust respectively, but the nature of their boundary remains uncertain. This paper analyzes the U-Pb-Hf isotopic composition of zircons from both the oldest plutons and metasedimentary rocks in Grand Canyon. My results show that the Vishnu Schist does not support suturing. Paradoxically, plutons east and west of the Crystal shear zone support suturing based on different U-Pb-Hf isotopic characteristics across the shear zone. I interpret the nature of this boundary to be the existence of an Archean substrate which is sampled by plutons west of the shear zone. …
Spatial And Seasonal Variations In Aridification Across Southwest North America, Shannon Miller Jones
Spatial And Seasonal Variations In Aridification Across Southwest North America, Shannon Miller Jones
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The Southwestern region of North America (SWNA) is projected to become more arid throughout the 21st century as precipitation (P) and evaporation (E) rates change with increasing global temperatures. Trends in the regional surface moisture balance (P−E) of SWNA vary between the arid southern subregion (mostly Northern Mexico) and the more temperate northern subregion (Southwest US), depending on the relative contributions of cold and warm season P and E. Interpreting the spatial and seasonal variations of the projected aridification is important for understanding the potential impacts of climate change on SWNA regional hydrology. We compare the projected trends in P, …
Simulation Of Fracture Of Concrete Using Micropolar Peridynamics, Asadollahi Aziz
Simulation Of Fracture Of Concrete Using Micropolar Peridynamics, Asadollahi Aziz
Civil Engineering ETDs
The main goal of the thesis is to develop a constitutive damage model for simulating tensile fracture of concrete using the micropolar peridynamics model. Micropolar peridynamics was proposed by Gerstle in 2007 as a generalization to the bond based peridynamics method introduced by Silling in 2000, which was only capable of handling materials with specific Poissons ratios. Inspired by the bilinear cohesive model in the cohesive crack approach, a new constitutive damage model is proposed to simulate the tensile fracture of a normal-strength concrete. Laboratory experimental data for crack mouth opening displacement vs. load of notched beams, obtained by Chapman …
"Nolite Te Bastardes Carborundorum": Reproduction And Resistance In Octavia Butler, Margaret Atwood, And The Alien Series, Amandine Faucheux
"Nolite Te Bastardes Carborundorum": Reproduction And Resistance In Octavia Butler, Margaret Atwood, And The Alien Series, Amandine Faucheux
Foreign Languages & Literatures ETDs
This thesis proposes a comparative study of Octavia E. Butlers Xenogenesis trilogy (1987-89), Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985), and the Alien series (1979-97). I argue that these three texts resist patriarchal oppression upon the female fertile body. I examine how they rewrite and subvert such institutions as motherhood, the family, and the heterosexual couple, in order to redefine and empower woman. In the first chapter, I argue that Octavia Butler rewrites Western origin stories in order to put woman and people of color at its center, which provokes a redefinition of the essential woman. In chapter two, I examine …
Utilizing Data On Academic Dishonesty At The University Of New Mexico, Kimmerly Kloeppel
Utilizing Data On Academic Dishonesty At The University Of New Mexico, Kimmerly Kloeppel
Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs
Academic integrity (AI) and academic dishonesty (AD) have been intensified areas of concern in higher education. This research study explored issues of students AD at the University of New Mexico (UNM). With the rise in academic dishonesty, this study was conducted with the intention of determining how AD can be deterred or discouraged. Students were asked questions regarding their previous cheating behavior, their future cheating behavior, and the reasons why they did or will cheat. The demographics of academic major (business, education, engineering, and social science), gender (male and female), or race (White and Hispanic) were studied to determine if …
Computational Techniques For Optimal Control Of Quantum System, Gregory Von Winckel
Computational Techniques For Optimal Control Of Quantum System, Gregory Von Winckel
Mathematics & Statistics ETDs
The control of matter and energy at a fundamental level will be a cornerstone of new technologies for years to come. This idea is exemplified in a distilled form by controlling the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems via a time—dependent potential. The contributions detailed within this work focus on the computational aspects of formulating and solving quantum control problems efficiently. The accurate numerical computation of optimal controls of infinite—dimensional quantum control problems is a very difficult task that requires to take into account the features of the original infinite—dimensional problem. An important issue is the choice of the functional space …
Engaging The Liminal: Indigenous Perceptions Within The Healthcare System, Karen J. Lottis
Engaging The Liminal: Indigenous Perceptions Within The Healthcare System, Karen J. Lottis
Nursing ETDs
It is well documented that there is decreased access and utilization of healthcare services by minority populations. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences with, and views of, the healthcare system among remotely situated First Nations people of coastal British Columbia (BC), to shed light on elements considered crucial to healthcare delivery. The study was conducted as a critical ethnography with an underlying framework of phenomenology and critical social theory. Multiple sources of data collection included private interviews, community observations, conversations, celebratory gatherings, participant-observer field notes, and the art and music of the people involved. Multiphase data management …
Memory Profiles In Schizophrenia: A Neuropsychological Comparison With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, S. Laura Lundy
Memory Profiles In Schizophrenia: A Neuropsychological Comparison With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, S. Laura Lundy
Psychology ETDs
Previous research has demonstrated various neuroanatomical and neuropsychological abnormalities in schizophrenia. Although results vary depending on population characteristics, medication status, imaging methodology, and choice of cognitive assessment measures, overall results suggest decreased cerebral volume within frontal and temporal lobes and in individual structures, particularly hippocampus, within these regions; abnormal connectivity within fronto-temporal networks; and deficits in executive function, working memory, processing speed, and memory, with verbal memory deficits more reliably demonstrated than non-verbal impairment. In particular, left-hemisphere hippocampal-dependent verbal memory impairments have been proposed to be a core feature of schizophrenia, as these deficits are reliably demonstrated in first-episode, medication-na\xefve …
Children's Self-Representations, Cultural Developmental Goals, And Social Behavior In Mexican And Euro-American Children, Mary Bancroft
Children's Self-Representations, Cultural Developmental Goals, And Social Behavior In Mexican And Euro-American Children, Mary Bancroft
Psychology ETDs
The current study investigated the development of cultural self-concepts in children and relationships between self-concept, social behavior and maternal parenting and cultural values. Preschool and kindergarten Mexican and Euro-American children (N =56) participated. Children described themselves in response to open-ended questions, mothers completed self-report measures and teachers completed questionnaires regarding childrens social behavior with peers and authority figures. Overall, significant differences were found in children's self-descriptions between the two groups. Mexican children's self-descriptions were balanced between private, relational, and descriptions of significant others whereas Euro-American children's self-descriptions were dominated by private descriptors such as personal attributes, preferences and possessions. Contrary …