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Investigation Of Via Extrusion And The Effect Of Cap Layer For 3d Integrated Circuits, Golareh Jalilvand
Investigation Of Via Extrusion And The Effect Of Cap Layer For 3d Integrated Circuits, Golareh Jalilvand
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Copper (Cu) through-silicon via (TSV) is an essential structural and functional element in three-dimensional integration circuits (3D ICs), which offers substantial improvements in integration density, form factor, device performance, and power efficiency. However, Cu-filled TSVs are exposed to multiple thermal cycles during fabrication, test and operation, which lead to the development of considerable thermal stresses, in and around the vias, due to the large mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between Cu and silicon (Si). The stress subsequently raises reliability concerns, among which, via extrusion is an important one. Via extrusion can damage the adjacent components, in particular …
Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh
Parametric Investigation And Optimization For Inconel 718 Nickel-Based Superalloy In Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Thinh Huynh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Excellent weldability and high temperature stability make Inconel 718 (IN718) one of the most desired alloys to be produced by additive manufacturing (AM). Within the flourishing field of AM technology, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a popular prospective candidate capable of fabricating complex and near net-shape engineering components that traditional manufacturing methods cannot accomplish. In this study, the effects of processing parameters on the relative density and microstructure was investigated. Gas atomized IN718 powders were used to fabricate cuboidal specimens via LPBF for metallographic characterization. The specimens were printed with independently varied laser power (125 - 350 W), laser …
Cerium Oxide Based Nanocomposites For Supercapacitors, Aadithya Jeyaranjan
Cerium Oxide Based Nanocomposites For Supercapacitors, Aadithya Jeyaranjan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Access to clean, and sustainable energy is one of the biggest challenges of our generation. With the rapid growth of renewable energy harvesters, developing electrochemical energy storage devices (EEDs) that respond well to them is of significant interest. Supercapacitors are a class of EEDs with exceptional power densities and ultra-long cycle life. These properties make them an attractive candidate as a replacement, or to be used in combination with batteries and other EEDs. In this dissertation, nano cerium oxide (nano CeO2) based materials are examined as an active material for supercapacitor applications. The first part of this work details how …
Optimization Studies For The Gas Atomization And Selective Laser Melting Processes Of Al10simg Alloy, Sharon Park
Optimization Studies For The Gas Atomization And Selective Laser Melting Processes Of Al10simg Alloy, Sharon Park
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technology that can fabricate complex engineering components using a scanning laser beam to melt consecutive layers of powders with characteristics that significantly influence material properties. Present work investigates both the gas atomization and SLM processes for the Al10SiMg alloy with a focus on establishing the relationships among atomization parameters, powder characteristics, SLM parameters and materials properties. Al10SiMg alloy powders (Al-10wt.%Si-0.5wt.%Mg) were batch-produced through gas atomization by systematically varying the melt flow rate (0.012 - 0.037 kg/s), gas pressure (1.4 - 3.1 MPa), and melt temperature (850C -1000C). The highest yield of 80 …
Non-Linear Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography As A Methodology To Characterize Drug Concentration Losses To Polymeric Materials Used In Body-On-A-Chip Devices For Drug Discovery, Mark Schnepper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Body-on-a-chip and human-on-a-chip systems are currently being used to augment and could eventually replace animal models in drug discovery and basic biological research. However, hydrophobic molecules, especially therapeutic compounds, tend to adsorb to the polymer materials used to create these microfluidic platforms, which may distort the dose-response curves that feed into Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models which translate preclinical data into predictions of clinical outcomes. Adsorption of hydrophobic molecules to these polymer materials needs better characterization. Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography paired with a numerical optimization based on the Langmuir model of adsorption was used to characterize the adsorption isotherm parameters of selected drugs …
Diffusion Of Fission Products In Nuclear Graphite, Kevin Graydon
Diffusion Of Fission Products In Nuclear Graphite, Kevin Graydon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The next generation of nuclear reactors (Generation IV) are specified to use graphite as the choice material for neutron moderation and structural components. For this reason, study of diffusion behavior of the fission product, ruthenium (Ru), in the candidate graphite grades, POCO AXF-5Q & ZXF-5Q, IG-110, NBG-18 and PCEA, is necessary. Diffusion data for Ru in these grades is absent due to the lack of prior studies and this work aims to fill this void and begin the study of this metallic fission product's diffusion behavior. By utilizing physical vapor deposition (PVD), dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and the …
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Oxide Materials For Passivated Carrier Selective Contact Solar Cells, Geoffrey Gregory
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Silicon-based devices have dominated the industrial solar cell marketplace for several decades, thanks to the low bulk defect concentration and technological relevance of silicon substrates. This has led to an oversupply of dopant-diffused homojunction technologies, which suffer from significant performance losses at the metal-silicon contact interface. In response, the research community has developed carrier-selective heterojunction contacts, which separate the metal from the silicon absorber with heavily-doped silicon layers. These novel contacts provide the same asymmetrical conductivity as the diffused junction in the previous generations of silicon solar cells, but with less processing complexity and greater device performance. Still, the silicon …
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Designing Metal Nanocatalysts And Tuning Their Microenvironment For Gas-Involving Electrocatalysis, Lin Hu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
In the development of renewable energy technologies, electrocatalysis plays a central role in energy conversion processes, such as fuel cells and electrochemical fuel synthesis. Development of such technologies relies on the rational design of electrocatalysts as well as understanding their interaction with the working environment. Here we focus on gas-involving electrocatalytic reactions, particularly nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia and formic acid electrooxidation to carbon dioxide. First, to understand the structure-activity relationships for nitrogen electroreduction on Ru, we prepared a series of size-controlled Ru nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition. Both catalytic activity and selectivity for ammonia production on Ru catalysts strongly depend …
Enhancement Of Absorptance By Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping For Efficient Laser Processing Of Thin Polymers, Arifur Rahaman
Enhancement Of Absorptance By Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping For Efficient Laser Processing Of Thin Polymers, Arifur Rahaman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Ultrashort-pulsed lasers have been used for high precision processing of a wide range of materials including dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, and polymers/polymer composites, enabling numerous applications ranging from micromachining, photonics to life sciences. However, there are challenges when applying this technology in the industry, which requires scale and throughput different from lab use. The goal of this research is to understand how ultrafast laser pulses interact with thin polymers/polymer composite materials and develop a method that is efficient for ultrafast laser processing of these materials. It is a common practice in industrial applications to run the laser at a high repetition …
Understanding Solidification Behavior Of Selected Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys Additively Manufactured By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Holden Hyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has demonstrated the ability to produce customized, complex engineering components from metallic alloys, not previously possible with traditional techniques such as subtractive machining of cast alloys. However, many desired lightweight metallic alloys such as high strength aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) alloys, cannot be processed dense with AM due to the consequence of solidification cracking. Thus, a large knowledge gap remains in assessing already existing, and genesis of new alloys that can be processed dense by AM, without solidification cracking. The present work investigates the AM processing and solidification behavior of selected …
The Reliability Of Through Glass Vias And Solder Joints For Three Dimensional Multi Functional Integrated Systems, Omar Ahmed
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Three-dimensional (3D) integration technologies, including interposer-based integration, are among the most promising solutions to meet the increased demand for high performance computing, high chip density, and small form factor. Key technologies that enable 3D integration include through-substrate vias and solder joints. Glass is considered as a promising substrate material for interposer-based 3D integration technology especially in radio frequency applications because of glass's high resistivity, low dielectric constant, low electrical loss, and the adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). However, during fabrication or service, through-glass vias can suffer from interface delamination and substrate cracking. The problem of copper protrusion is also …
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Copper (Cu) and Cu-alloy are good candidates for the engineered components that require good thermal and electrical conductivity. Since industry often needs sophisticated components that cannot be made easily by traditional methods, such as casting, forging and machining, research for additive manufacturing of copper-based alloy is on demand. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the optimization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-10 wt.% Sn alloy and pure Cu based on their characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, phase constitutes, melt pool dimension, and dendrite arm spacings dimension, determined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. LPBF, …
Development Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Based Platform For In Vitro Culture, Kailei Xu
Development Of 3d Porous Chitosan-Based Platform For In Vitro Culture, Kailei Xu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been widely used in biological research since two-dimensional (2D) cultures have many limitations including alteration of cell morphology, metabolic pathways and gene expression. Therefore, the application of 2D cell cultures in pharmaceutical companies for drug screening causes reproducibility issues in animal studies, which strongly influences the efficiency of drug development. The aim of my studies is to develop 3D cell culture models to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor microenvironment, not only for deeper understanding of interaction between cells and ECM, but also for the application in drug screening. Three different compositions of …
Integrating Graphene Into Polymer Derived Ceramics Towards The Development Of New Thermoelectric Materials, Elizabeth Barrios
Integrating Graphene Into Polymer Derived Ceramics Towards The Development Of New Thermoelectric Materials, Elizabeth Barrios
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) have been an enabling technology for the exploration of deep space since the dawn of the Space Age. Since its first deployment in a meteorological satellite in the late 1960's, RTGs have been used to provide solid-state, maintenance-free power to 27 American spacecraft and scientific instruments. While showing great success in the past, the future usage of thermoelectric devices is limited by the low operating efficiencies and the use of hazardous or expensive materials, limiting the use of thermoelectric technologies to niche applications such as space exploration. Current research efforts that address these disadvantages have focused …
Fundamental Core Effects In Co-Cr-Fe-Ni Based High Entropy Alloys, Abhishek Mehta
Fundamental Core Effects In Co-Cr-Fe-Ni Based High Entropy Alloys, Abhishek Mehta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High entropy alloys (HEAs) are near equiatomic multi-principal-element-alloys (MPEAs) which are different from traditional solvent-based multicomponent alloys. Based on initial work by Yeh and Co-workers, they were proposed to exhibit four "core" effects: high entropy, sluggish diffusion, lattice distortion, and cocktail effect. Present work investigates two of the four "core" effects, i.e. high entropy and sluggish diffusion effects, in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni based transition metal high entropy alloys. Solid-to-solid diffusion couple approach was adopted to investigate, these core effects. Experimental results contradicts the "high entropy" effect based on thermodynamics analysis: that the HEAs with low entropy of mixing may be thermodynamically more …
Simultaneous Measurement Of Isotope-Free Tracer And Interdiffusion Coefficients In Sandwich Type Diffusion Couples, Esin Schulz
Simultaneous Measurement Of Isotope-Free Tracer And Interdiffusion Coefficients In Sandwich Type Diffusion Couples, Esin Schulz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The experimental determination of the tracer or self-diffusion coefficient as a function of composition can be quite burdensome in alloys since separate measurements must be carried out for each alloy composition. A new formalism recently developed by I.V. Belova, N.S. Kulkarni, Y.H. Sohn and G.E. Murch, based on linear response theory combined with the Boltzmann–Matano method allows determination of tracer and interdiffusion coefficients simultaneously from a single, isotope-free solid to solid diffusion couple experiment. In this study, for the first time, an experimental investigation with an analytical approach based on the new formalism has been carried out in the binary …
Regolith-Based Construction Materials For Lunar And Martian Colonies, Kevin Grossman
Regolith-Based Construction Materials For Lunar And Martian Colonies, Kevin Grossman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Humankind's ambitions of exploring our solar system and parts beyond depend heavily on our ability to collect resources from local environments at our destinations rather than bringing materials on the journey. This is a concept known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and it is one that has been understood by every explorer and settler in the history of humankind. Regolith on the moon and Mars has been shown to be a particularly useful resource and has the ability to provide humans with resources including water, oxygen, construction material, fabric, radiation shielding, metals, and may more. This dissertation focuses on construction …
The Formation And Characterization Of Mesoscopic J- And H-Aggregates With Controlled Morphologies By The Co- And Templated Assembly Of Cyanine Dyes, Samuel Rhodes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The supramolecular aggregates of π-conjugated molecules have become an area of great interest to the scientific community in recent years for their promise in biosensors and optoelectronic devices. Among various supramolecular aggregates, J- and H-aggregates of πconjugated dye molecules are particularly interesting because of their unique optical and excitonic properties that are not given by individual molecules. H-aggregates are composed of dye molecules in a face-to-face stacking, giving rise to a blue-shifted absorption band compared with the monomer band and a strong emission quenching. In contrast, J-aggregates represent an edge-toedge stacking of dye molecules, showing a red-shifted absorption band with …
Influence Of Chitosan-Alginate Scaffold Stiffness On Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation, Isabel Arias Ponce
Influence Of Chitosan-Alginate Scaffold Stiffness On Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation, Isabel Arias Ponce
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tissue grafts are the gold standard for replacing large volume tissue defects. Yet, they present several risks, including infection, low functional outcomes, and reduced graft integrity. Tissue engineering (TE) combines cells and biomaterial scaffolds to foster tissue growth and remodeling. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to respond to the stiffness of their microenvironment, resulting in differentiation into different lineages. 3D porous chitosan-alginate (CA) scaffolds have been previously demonstrated for bone TE with osteoblasts and BMSCs; however, only a single scaffold composition (4 wt%) was studied. Three CA scaffold compositions (2, 4, 6 wt% CA) were produced. Scanning …
Advanced Nanoscale Characterization Of Plants And Plant-Derived Materials For Sustainable Agriculture And Renewable Energy, Mikhael Soliman
Advanced Nanoscale Characterization Of Plants And Plant-Derived Materials For Sustainable Agriculture And Renewable Energy, Mikhael Soliman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The need for nanoscale, non-invasive functional characterization has become more significant with advances in nano-biotechnology and related fields. Exploring the ultrastructure of plant cell walls and plant-derived materials is necessary to access a more profound understanding of the molecular interactions in the systems, in view of a rational design for sustainable applications. This, in turn, relates to the pressing requirements for food, energy and water sustainability experienced worldwide. Here we will present our advanced characterization approach to study the effects of external stresses on plants, and resulting opportunities for biomass valorization with an impact on the food-energy-water nexus. First, the …
Cell Printing: An Effective Advancement For The Creation Of Um Size Patterns For Integration Into Microfluidic Biomems Devices, Megan Aubin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Body-on-a-Chip (BoaC) is a microfluidic BioMEMs project that aims to replicate major organs of the human body on a chip, providing an in vitro drug testing platform without the need to resort to animal model testing. Using a human model also provides significantly more accurate drug response data, and may even open the door to personalized drug treatments. Microelectrode arrays integrated with human neuronal or human cardiac cells that are positioned on the electrodes are essential components for BoaC systems. Fabricating these substrates relies heavily on chemically patterned surfaces to control the orientation and growth of the cells. Currently, …
Assessment Of Microstructure And Mechanical Behavior Of Materials And Phases Observed In Low-Enriched Uranium Monolithic Fuel Plates After Fabrication, Ryan Newell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Low enriched uranium (LEU) fuels are being developed to reduce the use of highly enriched uranium in power generation to reduce proliferation risks. Challenges arise in providing sufficient fissile U in LEU without reactor redesign. As such, a novel monolithic fuel plate design employs LEU alloyed with 10 wt. % Mo. Throughout fabrication of these fuel plates, metallurgical transformations and reactions take place as a result of elevated temperatures during processing. The transformations include decomposition of the metastable body-centered cubic γ phase in the fuel and metallurgical interactions at interfaces between fuel plate components. This work aims to provide further …
Equibiaxial Flexural Strength Testing Of Advance Ceramics, Ryan T. Jordan
Equibiaxial Flexural Strength Testing Of Advance Ceramics, Ryan T. Jordan
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Ceramics are very important materials with many unique properties used in numerous industrial applications. Ceramics could be very hard and very strong in comparison to metals; however, they are very brittle, thus they are prone to instantaneous and catastrophic failure. Therefore, their reliability is compromised and it is very important to have advanced techniques that allow evaluating their mechanical behavior in many unusual stress states. One of such testing methods is biaxial strength method, that allows to measure properties not only unidirectional, but also in a biaxial way. The research work for this thesis will be built on design and …
Processing Of Cubic Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Membranes For Electrolyte-Supported Single Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Tape Casting, Arturo Coronado Rodriguez
Processing Of Cubic Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Membranes For Electrolyte-Supported Single Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Tape Casting, Arturo Coronado Rodriguez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Electrochemical conversion devices are a developing technology that prove to be a viable and more efficient alternative to current environmentally friendly generation devices. As such, constant research has been done in the last few decades to increase their applications and reliability. One of these systems, and the focus of this research, is the single cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). These systems are a developing technology which main caveat is the need of high operating temperatures and costs. As such, most multidisciplinary research has been focused on researching materials and/or processes that help mitigate the costs or lower the operating …
Raman Spectroscopy Of The Skeleton Of The Coral Acropora Cervicornis, Zachary C. Shepard
Raman Spectroscopy Of The Skeleton Of The Coral Acropora Cervicornis, Zachary C. Shepard
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Coral reefs are an important element of marine ecosystem that are critical to maintain a healthy environment. Unfortunately, in recent years coral reefs are doing poorly and many in parts of the ocean are simply dying. Therefore, study of coral’s structural response to external loads could answer what will happen with their structures, while they exhibit different types of loading. Therefore, the proposition of using in-situ micro-Raman spectroscopy to study skeletons of Acropora cervicornis was used. Coral skeleton samples I subjected to mechanical loading studied their vibrational properties by exciting the material with 532nm visible light. A uniaxial compressive load …
Surfactant Driven Assembly Of Freeze-Casted, Polymer-Derived Ceramic Nanoparticles On Grapehene Oxide Sheets For Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes, Ali Zein Khater
Surfactant Driven Assembly Of Freeze-Casted, Polymer-Derived Ceramic Nanoparticles On Grapehene Oxide Sheets For Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes, Ali Zein Khater
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Traditional Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) are a reliable and cost-efficient choice for energy storage. LIBs offer high energy density and low self-discharge. Recent developments in electric-based technologies push for replacing historically used Lead-Acid batteries with LIBs. However, LIBs do not yet meet the demands of modern technology. Silicon and graphene oxide (GO) have been identified as promising replacements to improve anode materials. Graphene oxide has a unique sheet-like structure that provides a mechanically stable, light weight material for LIB anodes. Due to its structure, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is efficiently conductive and resistive to environmental changes. On the other hand, silicon-based …
Optimal Sintering Temperature Of Ceria-Doped Scandia Stabilized Zirconia For Use In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Amanda K. Assuncao
Optimal Sintering Temperature Of Ceria-Doped Scandia Stabilized Zirconia For Use In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Amanda K. Assuncao
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Carbon emissions are known to cause decay of the Ozone layer in addition to creating pollutant, poisonous air. This has become a growing concern among scientists and engineers across the globe; if this issue is not addressed, it is likely that the Earth will suffer catastrophic consequences. One of the main culprits of these harmful carbon emissions is fuel combustion. Between vehicles, power plants, airplanes, and ships, the world consumes an extraordinary amount of oil and fuel which all contributes to the emissions problem. Therefore, it is crucial to develop alternative energy sources that minimize the impact on the environment. …
Graphene Induced Formation Of Nanostructures In Composites, Chen Shen
Graphene Induced Formation Of Nanostructures In Composites, Chen Shen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Graphene induced nanostructures in graphene-based composites and the performance of these composites have been explored in this study. For the metallic nanoparticles decorated graphene aerogels composites, the fabrication of hierarchically structured, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels with heavily metallic nanoparticles was realized. Higher loading of palladium nanoparticles in graphene aerogels leads to improved hydrogen gas sensing performance. For polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) composites with anisotropic electrical properties, the fabrication of composites was realized by embedding anisotropic reduced graphene oxide aerogels (rGOAs) into the PDCs matrix. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of PDCs composites with and without graphene indicate that …
Carbon Nanotube (Cnt) Metallic Composite With Focus On Processing And The Resultant Properties, Md Muktadir Billah
Carbon Nanotube (Cnt) Metallic Composite With Focus On Processing And The Resultant Properties, Md Muktadir Billah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Metal-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites are the promising advanced materials that are being developed to take the advantage of the exceptional properties of CNTs. Because of the intrinsically strong in-plane atomic SP2 bonding CNTs offer high young's modulus (1.0–1.8 TPa), high tensile strength (30–200 GPa) and high elongation at break (10–30%). The thermal conductivity of individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are about 6000 W/m-K and 3000 W/m-K, respectively. Therefore it is expected that by incorporation of CNTs in metal matrices multi-functional composites can be used ideally as thermal interface materials, light-weight high-strength structural materials, electric components, …
Electrode Integration Of Nanostructured Metal And Metal Oxide Materials Based On In-Situ Growth Methods For Environmental Sensors, Xiaochen Wang
Electrode Integration Of Nanostructured Metal And Metal Oxide Materials Based On In-Situ Growth Methods For Environmental Sensors, Xiaochen Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the past decades, increased human population and activities have introduced a large amount of pollutants into the environment. Various types of conventional analytical instruments were used for monitoring the emitted chemicals with low detection limit, high accuracy, and discrimination power. However, many of these methods are laboratory-based owing to sample collection, transportation, extraction, and purification steps. To make real-time on-site monitoring possible, miniaturized sensors with various integrated elements were developed. One of the most well-known strategies is to utilize nanostructured materials with enhanced sensing properties for those devices. For a majority of the current state of art devices, the …