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Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Janet L. Moore, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg Nov 2020

Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B. Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Janet L. Moore, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg

Community Health Sciences

Background: While the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and pregnancy outcomes has been studied often, most reports have focused on a specific Hb cutoff used to define anemia. Fewer studies have evaluated pregnancy outcomes across the entire range of Hb values. Moreover, to date, most studies of the relationship of Hb concentrations to pregnancy outcomes have been done in high-income countries. Thus, we have sought to determine the relationship between the range of maternal Hb concentrations and adverse birth outcomes among South Asian pregnant women.
Methods: For this study, we used data collected from two South Asian countries (Pakistan - …


Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B Patel, Patricia L Hibberd, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J Derman, Janet L Moore, Elizabeth M Mcclure, Robert L Goldenberg Nov 2020

Hemoglobin Concentrations And Adverse Birth Outcomes In South Asian Pregnant Women: Findings From A Prospective Maternal And Neonatal Health Registry, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Archana B Patel, Patricia L Hibberd, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Richard J Derman, Janet L Moore, Elizabeth M Mcclure, Robert L Goldenberg

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: While the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and pregnancy outcomes has been studied often, most reports have focused on a specific Hb cutoff used to define anemia. Fewer studies have evaluated pregnancy outcomes across the entire range of Hb values. Moreover, to date, most studies of the relationship of Hb concentrations to pregnancy outcomes have been done in high-income countries. Thus, we have sought to determine the relationship between the range of maternal Hb concentrations and adverse birth outcomes among South Asian pregnant women.

METHODS: For this study, we used data collected from two South Asian countries (Pakistan - …


Charter South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (Saarc), South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (Saarc) Jul 2020

Charter South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (Saarc), South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (Saarc)

Documents

No abstract provided.


Ten Years Risk Assessment Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Using Astro-Charm And Pooled Cohort Equation In A South Asian Sub-Population, Tariq Ashraf, Muhammad Naeem Mengal, Atif Sher Muhammad, Asal Khan Tareen, Nauman Khan, Khawar Abbas Kazmi, Asif Nadeem, Shakil Sarwar, Zara Bashir, Nadeem Qamar, Musa Karim Mar 2020

Ten Years Risk Assessment Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Using Astro-Charm And Pooled Cohort Equation In A South Asian Sub-Population, Tariq Ashraf, Muhammad Naeem Mengal, Atif Sher Muhammad, Asal Khan Tareen, Nauman Khan, Khawar Abbas Kazmi, Asif Nadeem, Shakil Sarwar, Zara Bashir, Nadeem Qamar, Musa Karim

Medical College Documents

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are on the rise in low and middle-income countries attributed to modern sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits. This has led to the need of assessment of the burden of at-risk population so that prevention measures can be developed. The objective of this study was to assess ten years risk assessment of ASCVD using Astro-CHARM and Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) in a South Asian sub-population.
Methods: A total of 386 residents of all six districts of Karachi with no ASCVD were enrolled in the study through an exponential non-discriminative referral snowball sampling technique. The inclusion criteria …


Historical Geopolitics Of Kashmir: A Discourse Analysis Of Civilizational Framings, Thomas J. Liguori Mar 2020

Historical Geopolitics Of Kashmir: A Discourse Analysis Of Civilizational Framings, Thomas J. Liguori

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation attempts to locate the intractable issue of Kashmir within a global context. The global setting utilized here is constituted and shaped by multiple levels, none of which is purely discrete, and which act upon each other with differing degrees of salience. Taking a discourse analytic approach, political positions can be seen as activating (acting upon, mobilizing, or challenging) existing discursive material in a given political context and then deploying it. This dissertation aims to show how the Kashmir problem has: 1) come about; that is, how it has been constituted and the (discursive) contexts which shaped the available …


Bangladesh And India: The Domestic And International Repercussions Of Asymmetric And Securitized Hydro-Politics, Tamanna Ashraf Mar 2020

Bangladesh And India: The Domestic And International Repercussions Of Asymmetric And Securitized Hydro-Politics, Tamanna Ashraf

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

India, the second-most populous country in the world, is experiencing the worst water crisis in its history, and by 2030, 40% of Indians will lack access to drinking water. Equally concerning is Bangladesh’s situation, with 2.5 million people experiencing water shortage due to increased salinity. Both India and Bangladesh share 54 transboundary rivers in the larger Ganges Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) basin. Even though the two nations have signed multiple treaties on the Ganges River, disputes still take place over the Ganges and other transboundary rivers. Since this region of the world is facing an increasing population and water demand, …


Preconception Nutrition Intervention Improved Birth Length And Reduced Stunting And Wasting In Newborns In South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial., Sangappa M Dhaded, K. Michael Hambidge, Sumera Aziz Ali, Manjunath Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Omrana Pasha, Umber Khan, Veena Herekar, Sunil Vernekar, S. Yogesh Kumar, Jamie E. Westcott, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Amaanti Sridhar, Abhik Das, Elizabeth Mcclure, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Marion Koso-Thomas, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Nancy F. Krebs Jan 2020

Preconception Nutrition Intervention Improved Birth Length And Reduced Stunting And Wasting In Newborns In South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial., Sangappa M Dhaded, K. Michael Hambidge, Sumera Aziz Ali, Manjunath Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Omrana Pasha, Umber Khan, Veena Herekar, Sunil Vernekar, S. Yogesh Kumar, Jamie E. Westcott, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Amaanti Sridhar, Abhik Das, Elizabeth Mcclure, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Marion Koso-Thomas, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Nancy F. Krebs

Global Health Articles

South Asia has >50% of the global burden of low birth weight (LBW). The objective was to determine the extent to which maternal nutrition interventions commenced before conception or in the 1st trimester improved fetal growth in this region. This was a secondary analysis of combined newborn anthropometric data for the South Asian sites (India and Pakistan) in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Participants were 972 newborn of mothers who were poor, rural, unselected on basis of nutritional status, and had been randomized to receive a daily lipid-based micronutrient supplement commencing ≥3 months prior to conception (Arm 1), …


Preconception Nutrition Intervention Improved Birth Length And Reduced Stunting And Wasting In Newborns In South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial, Sangappa M. Dhaded, K. Michael Hambidge, Sumera Aziz Ali, Manjunath Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Omrana Pasha, Umber Khan, Veena Herekar Herekar, Sunil Vernekar, Yogesh Kumar S Jan 2020

Preconception Nutrition Intervention Improved Birth Length And Reduced Stunting And Wasting In Newborns In South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial, Sangappa M. Dhaded, K. Michael Hambidge, Sumera Aziz Ali, Manjunath Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Omrana Pasha, Umber Khan, Veena Herekar Herekar, Sunil Vernekar, Yogesh Kumar S

Community Health Sciences

South Asia has >50% of the global burden of low birth weight (LBW). The objective was to determine the extent to which maternal nutrition interventions commenced before conception or in the 1st trimester improved fetal growth in this region. This was a secondary analysis of combined newborn anthropometric data for the South Asian sites (India and Pakistan) in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Participants were 972 newborn of mothers who were poor, rural, unselected on basis of nutritional status, and had been randomized to receive a daily lipid-based micronutrient supplement commencing ≥3 months prior to conception (Arm 1), …


Dyeing The Springtime: The Art And Poetry Of Fleeting Textile Colors In Medieval And Early Modern South Asia, Sylvia W. Houghteling Jan 2020

Dyeing The Springtime: The Art And Poetry Of Fleeting Textile Colors In Medieval And Early Modern South Asia, Sylvia W. Houghteling

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

This paper explores the metaphorical and material significance of short-lived fabric dyes in medieval and early modern South Asian art, literature, and religious practice. It explores dyers’ manuals, paintings, textiles, and mercantile and devotional poetry to demonstrate how the existence of ephemeral dyes opened up possibilities for mutability that cannot be found within more stable, mineral pigments, set down on paper in painting. While the relationship between the image and the word in South Asian art is most often mutually enhancing, the relationship between words and color, and particularly between poetry and dye color, operates on a much more slippery …


Integrated Assessment—How Does It Help Unpack Water Access By Marginalized Farmers?, Serena H. Hamilton, Wendy S. Merritt, Mahanambrota Das, M. Wakilur Rahman, Sumana S. Bhuiya, Lucy Carter, Michaela Cosijn, Christian H. Roth, Sambhu Singha, Geoffrey J. Syme Jan 2020

Integrated Assessment—How Does It Help Unpack Water Access By Marginalized Farmers?, Serena H. Hamilton, Wendy S. Merritt, Mahanambrota Das, M. Wakilur Rahman, Sumana S. Bhuiya, Lucy Carter, Michaela Cosijn, Christian H. Roth, Sambhu Singha, Geoffrey J. Syme

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Water is critical to the lives and livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries; however, access to water can be inequitable within communities. This paper uses a generalized integrated assessment approach to explore the determinants of water access by marginalized farmers in two villages in coastal Bangladesh, before and after the setup of local water institutions. The study was part of a broader project aimed at promoting socially inclusive agricultural intensification. An integrative framework was developed in this study to capture and link the diverse range of factors that influence the …


Feasibility Of A Lifestyle Intervention Program For Prevention Of Diabetes Among Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Living Study) In South Asia: A Formative Research Study, Abha Tewari, Devarsetty Praveen, Pavitra Madhira, Lakshmi K. Josyula Jan 2020

Feasibility Of A Lifestyle Intervention Program For Prevention Of Diabetes Among Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Living Study) In South Asia: A Formative Research Study, Abha Tewari, Devarsetty Praveen, Pavitra Madhira, Lakshmi K. Josyula

Open Access archive

Aim: To refine and contextually adapt a postpartum lifestyle intervention for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods: In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with women with current diagnosis of GDM, and health care professionals involved in their management, to understand relevant local contextual factors for intervention optimization and implementation. This paper describes facilitators and barriers as well as feedback from participants on how to improve the proposed intervention. These factors were grouped and interpreted along the axes of …


Rethinking Community Based Strategies To Tackle Health Inequities In South Asia, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Abhay Bang, Kaosar Afsana, Bishal Gyawali, Mohammed Shafiq Mirzazada, Renuka Jayatissa Nov 2019

Rethinking Community Based Strategies To Tackle Health Inequities In South Asia, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Abhay Bang, Kaosar Afsana, Bishal Gyawali, Mohammed Shafiq Mirzazada, Renuka Jayatissa

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.


Regional Variation In Chronic Kidney Disease And Associated Factors In Hypertensive Individuals In Rural South Asia: Findings From Control Of Blood Pressure And Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Hithanadura Asita De Silva, Imtiaz Jehan, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Gulshan Himani, Mohammad Abul Hasnat, Tazeen Jafar, Cobra-Bps Study Group Oct 2019

Regional Variation In Chronic Kidney Disease And Associated Factors In Hypertensive Individuals In Rural South Asia: Findings From Control Of Blood Pressure And Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Hithanadura Asita De Silva, Imtiaz Jehan, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Gulshan Himani, Mohammad Abul Hasnat, Tazeen Jafar, Cobra-Bps Study Group

Community Health Sciences

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its cross-country variation among hypertensive individuals in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. We also explored the factors associated with CKD in these populations.
Method: We studied baseline data from the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (COBRA-BPS) trial, an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial on 2643 hypertensive adults ≥40 years of age from 30 randomly selected rural clusters, 10 in each of the three countries. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) /min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin:creatinine …


Precipitation Trends Over The Indus Basin, Nir Krakauer, Tarendra Lakhankar, Ghulam Hussain Dars Sep 2019

Precipitation Trends Over The Indus Basin, Nir Krakauer, Tarendra Lakhankar, Ghulam Hussain Dars

Publications and Research

A large population relies on water input to the Indus basin, yet basinwide precipitation amounts and trends are not well quantified. Gridded precipitation data sets covering different time periods and based on either station observations, satellite remote sensing, or reanalysis were compared with available station observations and analyzed for basinwide precipitation trends. Compared to observations, some data sets tended to greatly underestimate precipitation, while others overestimate it. Additionally, the discrepancies between data set and station precipitation showed significant time trends in many cases, suggesting that the precipitation trends of those data sets were not consistent with station data. Among the …


Prevalence And Correlates Of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Among Hypertensive Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study In Rural South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Imtiaz Jehan, H Asita De Silva, Aliya Naheed, Hamida Farazdaq, Samina Hirani Samina Hirani, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Channa D. Ranasinha, Md Tauhidul Islam, Ali Tanweer Siddiquee, Tazeen Jafar Sep 2019

Prevalence And Correlates Of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Among Hypertensive Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study In Rural South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Imtiaz Jehan, H Asita De Silva, Aliya Naheed, Hamida Farazdaq, Samina Hirani Samina Hirani, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Channa D. Ranasinha, Md Tauhidul Islam, Ali Tanweer Siddiquee, Tazeen Jafar

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To determinate the prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and their cross-country variation among individuals with hypertension residing in rural communities in South Asia.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: Rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Participants: A total of 2288 individuals with hypertension aged ≥40 years from the ongoing Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation- Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka clinical trial.
Main outcome measures: CMM was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the conditions: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. Logistic regression was done to evaluate the correlates of CMM.
Results: …


Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani May 2019

Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani

Public Health Faculty Publications

This paper aims to explore the burgeoning burden of cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) risk factors among South Asian labor migrants to the Middle East. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of literature using PubMed/Medline and grey literature searches, supplemented by a policy review of policies from the South Asian countries. We found a high burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors among the migrants as well as among the populations in the home and the host countries. For example, two studies reported the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) ranging between 9 and 17% among South Asian migrants. Overweight and obesity were highly …


Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani May 2019

Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

This paper aims to explore the burgeoning burden of cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) risk factors among South Asian labor migrants to the Middle East. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of literature using PubMed/Medline and grey literature searches, supplemented by a policy review of policies from the South Asian countries. We found a high burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors among the migrants as well as among the populations in the home and the host countries. For example, two studies reported the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) ranging between 9 and 17% among South Asian migrants. Overweight and obesity were highly …


Social Determinants Of Child Trafficking Addressed By Government And Non-Government Strategies In South And Southeast Asia: An Integrate Review, Pragya Gautam Poudel, Cristina S. Barroso Apr 2019

Social Determinants Of Child Trafficking Addressed By Government And Non-Government Strategies In South And Southeast Asia: An Integrate Review, Pragya Gautam Poudel, Cristina S. Barroso

Public Health Publications and Other Works

Aims: Child trafficking in South and Southeast Asia is widespread and deeply troubling. While several agencies have initiated anti-child trafficking interventions, it is unknown if they address the 21 social determinants of child trafficking identified by Perry and McEwing (2103). The aim of this integrative review was to explore the anti-child trafficking strategies employed by governments and non-government organizations (NGOs) that target the social determinants of child trafficking in South and Southeast Asia, and identify which levels of the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) they address.

Methods: The authors performed a literature search for journal articles and reports by researchers, local or …


India’S Surgical Strikes: Response To Strategic Imperatives, Karthika Sasikumar Apr 2019

India’S Surgical Strikes: Response To Strategic Imperatives, Karthika Sasikumar

Faculty Publications

In September 2016, militants who were allegedly backed by Pakistan attacked an Indian Army camp in Uri. The government in New Delhi was facing important regional elections. It faced intense public pressure to muster a military response. Such a response, however, ran the risk of triggering a nuclear exchange. Ten days after the Uri attack, India reported that it had carried out ‘surgical strikes’ on terrorist training camps in Pakistan-controlled territory. The paper examines this specific episode in India–Pakistan deterrence dynamics, focusing on the nomenclature ‘surgical strikes’. The paper argues that the choice of the term itself is new and …


Kashmir Constructivism: Indian Policy On Pakistan From Mumbai To Modi, Marc Unger Apr 2019

Kashmir Constructivism: Indian Policy On Pakistan From Mumbai To Modi, Marc Unger

Politics, Philosophy, and Legal Studies: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

The resolution of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan is a complex puzzle for politicians and scholars alike. The paper intends to create a framework for shifting norms of Indian relations with Pakistan in order to gauge the liklihood of conflict resolution based on major events from the last 11 years.


Decolonizing Nature/Knowledge: Indigenous Environmental Thought And Feminist Praxis, Nosheen Ali, Binish Samnani, Abdul Wali Khan, Najmi Khatoon, Barkat Ali, Sadia Asfundyar, Muhammad Aslam, Sumaira Amirali Apr 2019

Decolonizing Nature/Knowledge: Indigenous Environmental Thought And Feminist Praxis, Nosheen Ali, Binish Samnani, Abdul Wali Khan, Najmi Khatoon, Barkat Ali, Sadia Asfundyar, Muhammad Aslam, Sumaira Amirali

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This faculty-student collaborative article is a result of a graduate seminar on ‘Environmental Education’ taught at the Aga Khan University’s Institute for Educational Development in Karachi, and it illuminates new perspectives and pedagogies of nature from the global South, specifically South Asia. Drawing inspiration from feminist and indigenous thought, the narratives of ecology shared here center the place of emotions, experience, memory and spiritual intimacy, offering one means of decolonizing environmental studies and expanding our understanding of ‘environmental consciousness’. These narratives defy ontologies of nature-human separation, capturing not just the co-existence of animals, spirits and humans but their co-constitution. Such …


Rationale And Protocol For Estimating The Economic Value Of A Multicomponent Quality Improvement Strategy For Diabetes Care In South Asia, Kavita Singh, Mohammed K. Ali, Raji Devarajan, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan S. Ajay, V. Usha Menon, Premlata K. Varthakavi, Vijay Viswanathan, Qamar Masood Mar 2019

Rationale And Protocol For Estimating The Economic Value Of A Multicomponent Quality Improvement Strategy For Diabetes Care In South Asia, Kavita Singh, Mohammed K. Ali, Raji Devarajan, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan S. Ajay, V. Usha Menon, Premlata K. Varthakavi, Vijay Viswanathan, Qamar Masood

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: Economic dimensions of implementing quality improvement for diabetes care are understudied worldwide. We describe the economic evaluation protocol within a randomised controlled trial that tested a multi-component quality improvement (QI) strategy for individuals with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes in South Asia.

Methods/Design: This economic evaluation of the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) randomised trial involved 1146 people with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes receiving care at 10 diverse diabetes clinics across India and Pakistan. The economic evaluation comprises both a within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis (mean 2.5 years follow up) and a microsimulation model-based cost-utility analysis (life-time horizon). …


Applying Quality Improvement Methods To Neglected Conditions: Development Of The South Asia Burn Registry (Sabr), Nukhba Zia Nukhba Zia, Asad Latif, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Ehmer Al-Ibran, Madiha Hashmi, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, Sazzad Khondoker, Mohammed Saeed Quraishy, Adnan A. Hyder Jan 2019

Applying Quality Improvement Methods To Neglected Conditions: Development Of The South Asia Burn Registry (Sabr), Nukhba Zia Nukhba Zia, Asad Latif, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Ehmer Al-Ibran, Madiha Hashmi, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, Sazzad Khondoker, Mohammed Saeed Quraishy, Adnan A. Hyder

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: South Asia has the highest mortality rate from burns in the world. Application of quality improvement methods to burn care can help identify health system gaps. Our overall aim is to introduce a sustainable hospital-based burn registry for resource-constrained settings to assess health outcomes of burn injury patients presenting to dedicated burn injury centers in South Asia.
Results: The South Asia Burn Registry (SABR) is implemented through collaborative approach in selected burn centers in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Th registry collects data on burn injury events, the care provided, and the functional status of patients at discharge from burn centers. …


Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 9: The South Asian Connection, Charles H. Smith, Sahotra Sarkar, Nirmali Wijegoonawardana Jan 2019

Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 9: The South Asian Connection, Charles H. Smith, Sahotra Sarkar, Nirmali Wijegoonawardana

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823−1913) is best known for his natural history explorations and theoretical biology, but he was also a potent social critic on subjects ranging from land tenure and colonial policy to antivaccinationism and poverty. Here, one of his emphases in the latter domain is spotlighted: his interest in South Asian affairs. This extended to a variety of subjects in the areas of politics, economics, health, literature, sociology, etc., and to a degree that may have had some influence on the development of thought of some major South Asian figures, including Mahatma Gandhi and Ananda K. Coomaraswamy.


Political And Governance Challenges To Achieving Global Hiv Goals With Injecting Drug Users: The Case Of Pakistan, Ashley M. Fox, Hina Khalid Jan 2019

Political And Governance Challenges To Achieving Global Hiv Goals With Injecting Drug Users: The Case Of Pakistan, Ashley M. Fox, Hina Khalid

Public Administration and Policy Faculty Scholarship

Background

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has recently set the ambitious “90-90-90 target” of having 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their status, receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and achieve viral suppression by 2020. This ambitious new goal is occurring in a context of global “scale-down” following nearly a decade of heightened investment in HIV prevention and treatment efforts. Arguably international goals spur action, however, setting unrealistic goals that do not take weak health systems and variations in the nature of the epidemic across countries into consideration may set them up for failure in unproductive ways …


Phase I Of The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap): An Overview And Lessons Learned, Caitlin Barkume, Kashmira Date, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Dipika Sur, Jason R. Andrews, Stephen P. Luby, M Imran Khan, Alex Freeman, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise Garret Nov 2018

Phase I Of The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap): An Overview And Lessons Learned, Caitlin Barkume, Kashmira Date, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Dipika Sur, Jason R. Andrews, Stephen P. Luby, M Imran Khan, Alex Freeman, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise Garret

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: The objective of Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a multiphase surveillance study characterizing the burden of disease in South Asia, was to inform data collection for prospective surveillance and to capture clinical aspects of disease.
Methods: Through a retrospective record review conducted at hospitals in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, we examined laboratory and clinical records to assess the culture positivity rate for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, age and sex distribution, and antimicrobial susceptability in each country.
Results: Of all blood cultures performed in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, 1.5%, 0.43%, …


A Retrospective Study Of Laboratory-Based Enteric Fever Surveillance, Pakistan, 2012-2014, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shazia Sultana, Attaullah Baig, Sadia Shakoor, Farzeen Hirani, Abdul Wassay, Sehrish Khushboo, Junaid Mehmood, Alexander Freeman Nov 2018

A Retrospective Study Of Laboratory-Based Enteric Fever Surveillance, Pakistan, 2012-2014, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shazia Sultana, Attaullah Baig, Sadia Shakoor, Farzeen Hirani, Abdul Wassay, Sehrish Khushboo, Junaid Mehmood, Alexander Freeman

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multisite surveillance study designed to capture morbidity and mortality burden of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. We aim to describe enteric fever disease burden, severity of illness, and antimicrobial resistance trends in Pakistan.
Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, laboratory records of hospitalized patients who received a blood culture in any of 3 Aga Khan University hospitals in Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan, from 2012 to 2014 were reviewed. A case was defined as having a positive blood culture for Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) …


Causes And Incidence Of Community-Acquired Serious Infections Among Young Children In South Asia (Anisa): An Observational Cohort Study., Samir K. Saha, Stephanie J. Schrag, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Benazir Baloch, Furqan Kabir, Sheraz Ahmed, Imran Ahmed Jul 2018

Causes And Incidence Of Community-Acquired Serious Infections Among Young Children In South Asia (Anisa): An Observational Cohort Study., Samir K. Saha, Stephanie J. Schrag, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Benazir Baloch, Furqan Kabir, Sheraz Ahmed, Imran Ahmed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: More than 500 000 neonatal deaths per year result from possible serious bacterial infections (pSBIs), but the causes are largely unknown. We investigated the incidence of community-acquired infections caused by specific organisms among neonates in south Asia.
Methods: From 2011 to 2014, we identified babies through population-based pregnancy surveillance at five sites in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Babies were visited at home by community health workers up to ten times from age 0 to 59 days. Illness meeting the WHO definition of pSBI and randomly selected healthy babies were referred to study physicians. The primary objective was to estimate …


Multimorbidity In South Asian Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Mortality., Kalpana Singh, Shivani A. Patel, Suddhendu Biswas, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan Ajay, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Zafar Fatmi, Mohammed K. Ali, Muhammad Masood Kadir Feb 2018

Multimorbidity In South Asian Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Mortality., Kalpana Singh, Shivani A. Patel, Suddhendu Biswas, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan Ajay, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Zafar Fatmi, Mohammed K. Ali, Muhammad Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Background:

We report the prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with multimorbidity in urban South Asian adults.

Methods:

Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease were measured at baseline in a sample of 16 287 adults ages ≥20 years in Delhi, Chennai and Karachi in 2010-11 followed for an average of 38 months. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions at baseline. We identified correlates of multimorbidity at baseline using multinomial logistic models, and we assessed the prospective association between multimorbidity and mortality using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

The adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity was 9.4%; multimorbidity …


Ganganomala Saltini Ratcliffe, Jameson, And Zorn, A Newgenus And Species Ofanomalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) From Bangladesh And Nepal, With A Revised Circumscription Of The Tribe, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Mary Liz Jameson, Carsten Zorn Jan 2018

Ganganomala Saltini Ratcliffe, Jameson, And Zorn, A Newgenus And Species Ofanomalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) From Bangladesh And Nepal, With A Revised Circumscription Of The Tribe, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Mary Liz Jameson, Carsten Zorn

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Ganganomala saltini Ratcliffe, Jameson, and Zorn, a new genus and new species of Anomalini (subtribe Anomalina), is described fromBangladesh and Nepal. To place the new genus within the context of the tribe and subtribe, we provide a key to the four subtribes of world Anomalini, a list of comparative characters and character states for diagnosis and classification of Old World Anomalina, and comparative diagnostic characters for genera of Old World Anomalina. Circumscription, description, diagnosis, and illustrations for the new genus and species are provided. As a result of this research, the Anomalina includes 50 genera and subgenera, and advances our …