Digital Commons Network^™

The Law Of The Territories Of The United States In Puerto Rico, The Oldest Colony In The World, Carlos Iván Gorrín Peralta

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

The territorial law and policy of the United States changed towards the turn of the 20th century, as territorial expansion was no longer motivated by the extension of national borders, but by geopolitical, strategic and economic objectives. The new territories acquired in the Spanish American war were different from those previously annexed. The resulting constitutional doctrine of the Insular Cases differentiated the previous incorporated territories from the new unincorporated territories, which were not destined to be part of the U.S. nor to be admitted as new states. Despite purported changes in the relation with the United States in 1950-1952, Puerto …

Seeing Race As We Are: Avoiding, Arguing, Aspiring, Michael A. Cowan

New England Journal of Public Policy

Racial conflict in the United States pushes people to positions of argument or avoidance, more or less intensely and for varying lengths of time, depending on external events like the murder of George Floyd. Neither stance produces the conversations required to seek common ground and compromise around racial issues. Argument alone deepens divisions and avoidance leaves them to metastasize in the social body. In an attempt to go beneath these two positions, this article first explains the role and form of interpretation in all conflict and dispute resolution and how it is shaped. Then it examines the concepts and strategies …

Why Teachers Feel Unprepared To Address The Social And Emotional Needs Of Students With Dyslexia, Darlene Breaux

Tapestry: Journal of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Education

Students with dyslexia simultaneously struggle with both literacy acquisition and poor self-esteem and undergo social-emotional learning difficulties. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore elementary general education teachers’ perceptions regarding the dyslexia training they received for addressing the social and emotional learning (SEL) needs of children with dyslexia. The conceptual framework guiding this study was the five core competencies for SEL developed by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. The researcher used a qualitative description research design involving semi structured interviews. The population included 10 elementary general education teachers who taught in first through fourth-grade …

The Use Of Arbitration Clauses By Social Media Websites: A Critique, Kavya Jha, Ananya Singh

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The arbitration clauses contained in the Terms of Services (ToS) of most social media websites mandate arbitration and the waiver of class arbitration.1 In light of this reality, this article seeks to analyze the legal position with respect to mandatory arbitration and class arbitration waiver in the United States, India, and European Union (EU). It compares and juxtaposes the respective positions in these three jurisdictions to find that whereas the United States has been pro-arbitration to the extent of being detrimental to consumer interest, India has adopted an overly protectionist approach, while the EU has adopted an effective model to …

Electric Vehicle Charging Stations And Oregon Federal Lands: A Prospective Policy Analysis, Cole P. Grisham

Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs

In 2022, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) committed $100M towards expanding electric vehicle (EV) charging stations statewide. The policy goal is to provide EV fast-charging capacity[1] for four vehicles per station over the Interstate 5 and 84 corridors, along with the US 101, 97, 26, and 20 corridors. ODOT’s investment establishes clear statewide EV charging corridors for the traveling public, not only in the most populated corridors but also across the more rural parts of Oregon and connecting to neighboring states. In order for the travelling public to access public lands for recreation, economic, and other purposes by …

Criminal Injustice: An Examination Of Racial Profiling And Discriminatory Police Practices In Canada And The United States, Patricia Advincula

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

The Black Lives Matter movement swept across the United States after the murders of black people at the hands of law enforcement. Not fully acknowledged in the media are the police brutality cases that have also occurred in Canada, a country that prides itself on tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Police brutality is an unfortunate reality that stems from racial profiling, one of the many symptoms of historically oppressive institutions. In this paper, I will examine police coercion and racial profiling in Canada and the United States. This paper will employ a theoretical framework of conflict theory and minority threat hypothesis …

What The United States Could Learn From Norway: Training Police Officers To Be Social Workers, Not Warriors, Liana Brown

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

This note compares the training of police officers and its consequential effects in the United States versus that of Norway. In the United States, the lack of national training standards, in conjunction with an emphasis on technical skills and weaponry, has further perpetuated the “Warrior mindset.” The “Warrior mindset” reflects the rhetoric that officers are akin to combatants in a war, in which they have a duty to safeguard the rest of civilization against criminals that can strike at any moment. Contrastingly, the training programs for police officers in Norway include a consolidated and robust three-year education program that emphasizes …

Emergency Powers: Understanding The Benefits While Mitigating The Consequences, Savannah Valentine

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

This note compares the short-term benefits and long-term consequences of emergency powers using examples from several countries and offers solutions to mitigate those consequences. Historically, emergency powers were only granted in times of true crises. In those circumstances, emergency powers can serve an important purpose: to help the government run smoothly and efficiently. Unfortunately, permanent power grabs are now more common and the standard for what constitutes an emergency has weakened severely, often resulting in civil rights infringements. Possible solutions to this problem include understanding the negative effects of sunset clauses in emergency acts, increased awareness of manufactured emergencies, encouraging …

Lonergan’S Concept Of Conversion: A Path To Antiracism, Laura Boysen-Aragon

Say Something Theological: The Student Journal of Theological Studies

Racism is Christian America’s original sin. Our country’s foundation was built with the hands of more than ten million kidnapped and enslaved persons. The Catholic Church was complicit as enslavers and beneficiaries of enslaved labor as well as the marginalizing of Black Catholics. Given the limited attention that has been given to these origin stories in our country and our church, it is unsurprising that systems of racism perpetuate today. Catholic theologian and ethicist Bryan Massingale provides a definition of racism as an ethos that lives on in U.S. society. Since the murder of George Floyd, a heightened awareness of …

A Fake Future: The Threat Of Foreign Disinformation On The U.S. And Its Allies, Brandon M. Rubsamen

Global Tides

This paper attempts to explain the threat that foreign disinformation poses for the United States Intelligence Community and its allies. The paper examines Russian disinformation from both a historical and contemporary context and how its effect on Western democracies may only be exacerbated in light of Chinese involvement and evolving technologies. Fortunately, the paper also studies practices and strategies that the United States Intelligence Community and its allied foreign counterparts may use to respond. It is hoped that this study will help shed further light on Russian and Chinese disinformation campaigns and explain how the Intelligence Community can efficiently react.

Concerning United States Constitutional War Powers, Marcus Armstrong

St. Mary's Law Journal

The United States faces a future in which the possibility of a conventional, great-power conflict is elevated. This is because of a constitutional interpretation that has altered United States constitutional war powers significantly. Specifically, the interpretation gives the president the authority to initiate and escalate war or hostilities unilaterally. In this Article, I reexamine that specific historical interpretation and find it wanting. I then offer a different historical interpretation, drawing upon other contemporary writers as well as upon historical events in order to give a more complete and nuanced understanding of the context in which the early American leaders developed …

Forgotten "People": Reviving Textualism In The Fourth Amendment, Peter C. Douglas

San Diego Law Review

For more than a century, the Supreme Court has struggled to develop a coherent and sustainable theory of the Fourth Amendment. Before the ink is dry on a new Fourth Amendment opinion, it is cabined, abrogated, or outright overruled. As one scholar has commented, the “evolution of Fourth Amendment doctrine over the past century bears a striking resemblance to Hamlet’s descent into insanity.” While the Court vacillates between “theories” of the Fourth Amendment that might bring clarity to a difficult body of constitutional law, the rights it bespeaks lie vulnerable and unprotected. This Article argues that the problem flows from …

United States Food Law Update, Michael Tingey Roberts

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Update on new developments in United States food law.

Haitian Immigrants' Information Needs And Behaviors: Libraries, Information Professionals And Haitians In The United States, Natasha Finnegan

School of Information Student Research Journal

Haitian immigrants are a socially excluded growing demographic in the United States that deals with racism, anti-immigrant sentiment, anti-Haiti rhetoric, and language barriers. Information professionals need to understand Haitian information behavior, their cultural preferences, and barriers in order to successfully fulfill their information needs. This article examines other disciplines’ relevant and scholarly research literature on Haitian immigrants in the United States to discover their trends of information behavior and barriers so that the Library and Information Science field can create effective information pathways to support their community. Haitian immigrants turn to their families and trusted individuals for their information needs, …

2022 Tell Award For Scientific Achievement And Cooperation, C. Naseer Ahmad

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Each year, the Swiss Embassy in the United States of America awards the Tell Award. This prestigious award is named after the legendary Swiss hero William Tell who symbolizes the struggle for political and individual freedom because he overcame the tyrannical rule of Albrecht Gessler who terrorized Swiss people.

Redefining Refugee Resettlement: Repairing The Cracks In The Pathway To The American Dream, Chasyty L. Escobar

Western New England Law Review

Once the world leader in refugee resettlement, the United States has slowly but steadily obliterated its refugee resettlement program. Millions of people around the globe have been forced to seek refuge from violence and persecution in their native countries. The international consequences of the refugee crisis threaten economic stability and security.

This Note will outline the history and development of refugee resettlement in the United States from Ellis Island to the present, including an overview of the various government agencies and organizations involved in refugee resettlement. Through an in-depth analysis of the political, structural, and financial issues the country faces …

Comparing Iraq And Usa Health Systems: 2009-2019, Hazim Abdul Rahman Alhiti, Jinan Salman Abid

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: The Iraqi health system has had various obstacles while

the United States health system is within the top world health systems.

Aim: To compare the health systems of Iraq and the United States

between 2009-2019.

Method: This retrospective observational study. It covered five-yearly

demographic health data. Indeed, the author gathered the data for the

Iraqi ministry of health's Annual Health Reports and WHO documents

(2009-2019) on the internet on 21/9/2020 and gathered the data for the

health-united states (2009-2019). The authors applied Microsoft Excel

software 2010 for analysis.

Results: The childbearing age women in Iraq were 7,716,120 (23.8 %) …

K-Pop’S Secret Weapon: South Korea’S Criminal Defamation Laws, Rebecca Xu

San Diego International Law Journal

South Korea’s criminal defamation laws have long been considered an intrusion on the free speech rights of citizens, especially in regard to the usage by politicians against their opponents and journalists to suppress criticisms. This Comment considers the history and effects of these controversial defamation laws through the lens of recent scandals within the Korean entertainment industry, where regular citizens accusing Korean celebrities of past school violence are confronted with threats of defamation charges. To highlight the controversial nature of such laws, comparisons will be drawn between South Korea and other countries to highlight the restrictive nature of Korea’s laws.

Deportations For Drug Convictions In The United States And The European Union: Creating A More Compassionate Approach Toward Drug Convictions In The Immigration Law, Megan Smith

San Diego International Law Journal

This Comment begins by examining and comparing the legal framework for deportation and other immigration consequences for convictions of drug offenses in the United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. This Comment then looks at the harsh effects of current immigration policy on individuals and marginalized communities. Finally, this Comment argues that immigration law should be reformed to adopt a more humanitarian approach toward non-citizens convicted of drug offenses. Deportation and other harsh immigration consequences for drug offenses levy disproportionately severe punishments toward vulnerable minority immigrant communities, exposing them to consequences much harsher than non-immigrants would face for …

The Doctrine Of Veil-Piercing Liability In Poland And Selected Countries: A Comparative Law Study, Mariusz Fras

Journal of Civil Law Studies

The separation of a company from its members, based on legal personality, is recognized as one of the fundamental principles of corporate law. It expresses the legal distinction between the two entities. A consequence of the separateness principle is that members are not liable for the debts of their companies, and companies cannot be held liable for the debts of their members. However, such consequences of the principle of mutual autonomy of companies and their members are in sharp contrast with commercial reality, in which intertwined corporate groups operate as a single economic entity. In market transactions, a subsidiary often …

A Comparative Examination Of Vocational Education Teacher Qualifications And Preparation Between Finland And The State Of Ohio In The United States, Chris Zirkle, Jari Laukia, David Mauffret, Sergio Prudant Vilches

Journal of Research in Technical Careers

Working between the formal education system and workplace, vocational education teachers contribute to the growth and development of a country’s future workforce. Using interviews of university professors, examination of legislation and administrative rules and information obtained from applicable websites, this article compares two different teacher education systems for the preparation of vocational teachers in the country of Finland and the state of Ohio in the United States. Findings indicate both systems have commonalities as well as significant differences. This comparison will contribute to a better understanding of vocational teacher education from an international perspective and examines such aspects as qualification …

Three Generations Later; Examining Transnationalism, Cultural Preservation, And Transgenerational Trauma In United States Indo Population, Jamie D. Stern

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This paper examines the relationship between transnationalism, cultural preservation, and transgenerational trauma in the United States (US) Indo population. The information being analysed was compiled by the author from two separate surveys which took place between 2012 and 2021. This data was initially intended to act as a census for the scattered US Indo community however the salient information necessitated that the census be ongoing and that another survey be developed to measure effects of lingering trauma which has been passed down generationally. The two surveys invited Indos from around the globe to participate in data collection, which led to …

Meeting The Mentorship Needs Of International Students In The United States, Oluyomi Oloruntoba, Roaa Aggad, Tasmiah Nuzhath, Qiping Fan, Matthew Lee Smith

Health Behavior Research

Mentorship of international students is an enriching experience because international students studying in the United States enhance inclusion and diversity within the university environment by contributing their unique cultural and societal experiences and perspectives. International students have unique needs regardless of their country of origin and exposure. This paper provides the perspectives of international students on recommendations and strategies that mentors could employ to meet some of the identified needs of international students.

Deer As “Goat” And Pre-Columbian Domesticate, Matthew Roper

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Sometime after the death of his father Jacob, Enos wrote that the Nephites raised “flocks of herds, and flocks of all manner of cattle of every kind, and goats, and wild goats” (Enos 1:21). While contemporary archaeology thus far has not yielded evidence of pre-Columbian goats, anthropologist John L. Sorenson has suggested that Book of Mormon peoples, like the Spanish writers of a later time, may have considered some species of pre-Columbian deer to be a kind of goat.

Farms Documentary Premieres In Washington Dc

Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship

Golden Road: The Ancient Incense Trail, a new FARMS documentary about the legendary route used by Arabia’s incense traders, premiered at the Washington DC Temple Visitors’ Center on 5 November 2005 to a group of foreign and U.S. dignitaries.

Men's Rights, Gun Ownership, Racism, And The Assault On Women's Reproductive Health Rights: Hidden Connections, Walter S. Dekeseredy

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

In this current era characterized by much fear of, and anxiety about, the political influence and actions of the U.S. alternative right (alt-right), only a small number of men’s rights organizations receive attention from the media, the Democratic Party, or a large cadre of progressives. This article demonstrates that ignoring all-male anti-feminist organizations is a flawed strategy for challenging the recent rise of the alt-right because these misogynistic groups are heavily involved in the gun rights movement, major contributors to racist practices and discourses, and active participants in efforts to criminalize and curtail women’s access to abortion. Another, but equally …

The Downfall Of A President: The Media Coverage Of Richard Nixon’S Resignation, Ning Xi

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

The Watergate Scandal stands out as being the first, and so-far only, event that was catastrophic and damming enough to force a sitting President of the United States to resign from office. The exceptional circumstances of Richard Nixon’s departure from presidency invites many questions regarding how Nixon deciding to resign was initially covered by the new media. An analysis of excerpts from newspaper editorials from a variety of places around the United States demonstrates that there was a strong consensus that resigning was the best and only thing Nixon could have done. Yet, wide support for Nixon’s resignation co-existed with …

Assessment And Diagnostic Practices Relating To Autism Spectrum Disorder In The United States And Mexico, Maria Valdez, Jessica R. Stewart, Wan-Lin Chang, Ruth Crutchfield, Ralph Carlson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The present study examined and compared professional assessment and diagnostic practices relating to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Mexico and the United States (U.S.). This information is of great importance because there is an extremely limited amount of information pertaining the assessment and diagnostic practices for ASD in Mexico and little is known about how these practices compare to those in the U.S. Methods: Archival data from a survey investigating ASD in the U.S. and Mexico was used for this study. Participants included 29 professionals from the U.S. and 7 professionals from Mexico. Professionals were from a variety of …

Prevalence Of Domestic Violence And Mental Health Symptoms Among South Asian Women In The United States, Shreya Bhandari, Uma Chandrika Millner

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study examines the prevalence of domestic violence, mental health outcomes and help-seeking behaviors among a cross section of 155 South Asians that participated in an anonymous survey. The findings indicate that 31% of the participants experienced some form of domestic violence; physical, emotional, financial or sexual abuse and about 88% of those abused experienced emotional abuse. Results indicate that the abused participants experienced mental health symptoms of sleeplessness, frequent crying spells, panic, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, high stress, bouts of uncontrollable anger and loneliness. The results emphasize culturally sensitive services that address domestic violence as well as mental …

"Just Ice" For Bourbon: The Need For Gis In International Protection Of America's Beloved Spirit, Haley Scott

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The term "bourbon" has become increasingly popular in markets all over the globe. The popularity of the bourbon trend has been exploited for both labelling liquors and describing nonalcoholic products. Bourbon has several separate definitions, usually differing on the issue of the geographical scope of the spirit's production. The bourbon liquor industry has experienced periods of significant downturn followed by periods of explosive revival, motivated mainly by foreign interest, from countries such as Japan, in the product In the 1970s, Japanese interest in whisky and US bourbon facilitated a resurgence of the then-struggling US bourbon industry. In 2018, production of …