Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluating Macro-Policy Attitudes About Abortion In The United States, Christopher Olds, Miriam Guadalupe Benavides-Ortega, Madison May Albers, Rocio Figueroa-Castro

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Prior research on public opinion demonstrates attitudes about major issues often shift/move together. In other words, public support for government involvement in domestic affairs across multiple policy areas can be indicative of the general policy sentiment or public mood at any given point in time. In exploring specific issue areas in isolation, researchers can assess whether change in opinion on an issue area is significantly linked to fluctuations in views about macroeconomic conditions. The current research project will contrast quarterly public support for government involvement in the issue area of abortion through vector autoregression time series techniques examining whether prior …

The Politics Of Restraint In The Middle East, Andrew Payne

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Domestic constraints make it difficult for the United States to pursue a coherent program of restraint in the Middle East. As events in Gaza revive debates about the appropriate size and scope of the military footprint in the region, this article shows the importance of grounding any revised posture on a firm domestic foundation. Going beyond accounts that blame the obstructionism of a foreign policy establishment, it explores barriers to strategic adjustment and supports its claims through a case study of the Obama administration’s record, drawn from relevant literature, data on the distribution of military capabilities, and interviews with senior …

Parameters Spring 2024, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Spring 2024 issue of Parameters. Readers will note a few differences in the formatting for this issue: we are now using endnotes instead of footnotes to facilitate switching from pdf to html via Adobe's Liquid App; also, readers will be able to click on each endnote number to view the full endnote and then switch back to the text to resume reading. Please drop us a note to let us know how you like the changes. More are coming!

Heed Their Rising Voices: Conflicts And The Politics Of Women’S Representations, Maha Bashri, Prospera Tedam

Journal of International Women's Studies

Conflicts and wars have many parallels wherever they occur around the world. For many people worldwide, the media is the most important source of information on these conflicts and their effects on vulnerable groups such as women and children. Women’s experiences in particular mirror the atrocities of war zones. Yet, it is certain women whose stories and voices are amplified the most by the media. The war in Ukraine in comparison to ongoing conflicts in countries such as Afghanistan and Syria garnered more media coverage in a shorter time span. By reporting on some conflicts while neglecting others, and representing …

Liberal Principles, Realist Actions: U.S. Foreign Assistance In The War In Ukraine, Hiu Sasongkojati, Nur Iman Subono

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to a concerted international effort, with the United States at the forefront, to provide assistance in the form of weaponry and logistical support to the embattled country. While no soldiers are deployed to the front line in an official capacity, the U.S. has provided aid through many security assistance programs dating back to 2014 without becoming an active participant in the conflict, drawing parallels between Ukrainian defense and American national interests in the process. There is a realist element to this approach by maximizing U.S. interests against Russia with minimal costs, but …

Rural Redemption: A Model To Help Understand The Perspectives Of Rural Americans Related To Vaccine Science, Lauri Baker, Ashley Mcleod-Morin, Chen-Xian Yang, Audrey E. H. King, Shelby Thomas, Kristina Boone

Journal of Applied Communications

Rural communities are vital to the foundation of American agriculture and are currently disproportionately affected by health and environmental challenges that will require broad scientific solutions. Cooperative Extension professionals and agricultural communicators are increasingly tasked with communicating about the science surrounding these topics and need effective tools for determining strategic communication tactics to influence personal behaviors. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of community-based social marketing (CBSM) concepts and trust in science on rural Americans’ intentions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. A hypothesized model was developed that included concepts of CBSM, trust in science, intentions, …

Sounding The Legitimacy Alarm Bell: When Does The Media Discuss The U.S. Supreme Court’S Legitimacy?, Rachael Houston

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

These media outlets cover the Court in such ways because they openly promote a particular political ideology through endorsements, donations, ownership, or slant in coverage. They cater to audiences with similar political beliefs and tailor their coverage accordingly. For example, Fox News was created by Rupert Murdoch to appeal to a conservative audience. So, its content is purposefully conservative and assessed as right-leaning by media bias charts. As a result, polling data reveals that Republicans trust Fox News more than any other outlet. At the same time, Robert “Ted” Turner, the founder of CNN, is a donor to left-progressive causes …

The Recognition Of The Authocephaly Of The Macedonian Orthodox Church–Archdiocese Of Ohrid And Reflections By The Public: A Twitter Analysis, Ivan Blazevski Phd, Gjoko Gjorgjevski, Ruzhica Cacanoska, Vesna Zabijakin Chatleska, Phd

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The long-awaited recognition of the Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid (MOC-OA), initially by the Ecumenical Patriarchate (EP), and later by the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC), caused numerous reactions in the public. At the same time, the process itself, from the very beginning, was accompanied by ambiguities that resulted from the insufficiently clarified decision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate regarding the Church canons, as well as the confusion regarding the final name under which the Macedonian Orthodox Church will be recognized. All this was accompanied by the frequent use of terms such as Tomos, autocephaly, and the like, the meaning …

Race And The Rush To Reopen Schools During Covid-19, Emily M. Farris, Heather Silber Mohamed

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

While the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted student learning in the spring of 2020 and impacted nearly all of the 55 million students in kindergarten to 12th grade nationwide, it also magnified significant racial inequities in schools and society. Generations of systemic racism left communities of color and their neighborhood schools more at risk during the crisis. Over the summer of 2020, school leaders and communities considered whether to reopen school campuses or keep buildings closed for the 2020-2021 academic school year, and media began to highlight racial and ethnic difference in attitudes about those plans. Consistent with popular …

‘Vox Populi?:’ Assessing Nato Popularity Relative To Political And Economic Indicators In Selected Member Nations, Zachary W. Cheek

Undergraduate Economic Review

This paper seeks to identify the impact of political and economic conditions on a nation’s popularity/favorability ratings towards North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the world’s most powerful military alliance. It is found that in random-effect models there exists a significant positive relationship between a country’s democratic strength and favorability, as well as a negative relationship regarding unemployment. In fixed-effect models, however, there is slight evidence of a positive relationship with per-capita GDP, as well as negative relationships with the unemployment rate and the trade index. Overall, differences in member-nations largely account for whether democratic or macroeconomic conditions influence support.

Sport And Public Policy In Romania. Case Study: Timisoara, Delia Nadolu

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The inclusion of physical activities in the weekly routine is undoubtedly a necessary condition for a healthy life. In order for sport to become a habit, it is necessary not only to have an adequate and diversified infrastructure, but also to be valued as such in the personal lifestyle. TIn this article we analyse a series of official data regarding the non-practice of sports activities in Romania (EVS 2017), compared to the European situation (EHIS & ESPA 2014), with a focus on the case study of Timisoara. The expectation of the youth form Timisoara youth (2013), The Strategy for the …

U.S. Public Opinion Of Reproductive Control Options For Free-Roaming Horses On Western Public Lands, S. Nicole Frey, Jeffrey L. Beck, John Derek Scasta, Loretta Singletary

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Free-roaming horses (Equus ferus caballus; horses) inhabit public rangelands located primarily in 10 western U.S. states. Recent horse population increases are impacting rangeland ecosystems, native wildlife species and their habitats, and exacerbating conflicts with domestic livestock grazing. While contraceptives and physical sterilization are promising options to manage horse herd levels, public opinion concerning the use of fertility control is not well understood. To better inform policymakers, we completed a rigorous study of a random sample of public land stakeholders across the United States (n = 3,500) in 2020 using a Likert scale online survey to assess their …

Influencing Public Opinion: Activist Public Relations And The Arrest Of Susan B. Anthony, Arien Rozelle

The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal

The Suffrage movement stands out as an early progressive cause that utilized an integrated approach to public relations in support of a clear objective. The arrest of Susan B. Anthony provided the movement with a huge opportunity to influence public opinion in order to win the right to vote.

Media And Social Media Best Practices For Feminist Activist Groups And Organizations, Arien Rozelle

The Seneca Falls Dialogues Journal

Feminist organizations and activist groups from the Women’s Suffrage movement to the Women’s March have utilized media relations tactics and techniques to share organizational messages. Over time, the art of media relations has evolved from a tactical role to a strategic necessity, one that is vital to the success of any activist organization or group as they seek to inform, educate and/or persuade their intended audience through the use of media and social media.

This essay identifies best practices for feminist activist groups and organizations to help begin or improve their media relations efforts, ranging from initial hiring, to media …

Propaganda Warfare On The International Criminal Court, Sara L. Ochs

Michigan Journal of International Law

Propaganda warfare, while novel in nomenclature, is far from new in practice. In an era dominated by constant news, battles for public opinion complement physical attacks. In fact, “winning modern wars is as much dependent on carrying domestic and international public opinion as it is on defeating the enemy on the battlefield.” The fight for public opinion has become so valuable to military initiatives that the U.S. Department of Defense Law of War Manual specifically recognizes propaganda directed towards “civilian or neutral audiences” as a “permissible means of war.”

Prediction Models For Willingness To Support Private And Government Space Ventures: A Regression Study, Danita Baghdasarin, Sheri Hashemi, Scott Winter, Stephen Rice

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Public opinion is critical to the future of United States (US) space ventures as it can affect factors such as funding and legislation. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence the American public’s willingness to support both private and government space ventures. A set of 15 possible predictors were identified via a review of similar articles and surveys, including demographic information, social media and news consumption behaviors, offline activity, and opinions about space ventures. A total of 638 adults from the US participated in this study via Amazon ® Mechanical Turk ®. A multiple regression analysis …

Who Supports Wealth Redistribution? Self-Interest, Symbolic Politics And American Exceptionalism Approaches Towards 1990 Public Opinion, Maggie Wood

Global Tides

Economic inequality has been significantly rising in the United States, making it the most unequal advanced industrialized democracy. Understanding factors that influence public attitudes towards inequality and potential remedies such as redistribution of wealth, gives a reference point for tracking subsequent preference-policy links. This research utilizes survey data from the 1990 General Social Survey to explore factors influencing preferences towards redistribution as gross wealth consolidation among the top 10% was only starting to remerge. Empirically applying theories of economic self-interest, symbolic politics and American exceptionalism to wealth redistribution preferences, the research finds economic self-interest as having the biggest role in …

As Pertains To The Criminal Justice System, Is Hindsight 20/20?, Syndie G. E. Molina, Cristina Negrillo

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

No abstract provided.

Playing The Race Card: Did Racism Cause Anti-Immigrant Sentiment In Brexit?, Lucy Hu

Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Politics, Economics and World Affairs

Following the 2016 referendum on continued UK membership of the European Union, many attempts were made to explain its result. There has been consensus that the issue of immigration played a primary role in the Leave campaign and Brexiteers’ minds. The reasons for this anti-immigrant sentiment have been explored, with economic and cultural concerns at the fore of the literature. Critically, currently missing from the debate is whether racism played a substantial role in causing anti-immigrant sentiment in the context of Brexit. This article uses new public opinion data from 2018 to investigate the extent to which racism motivated the …

Indicators For Support For Economic Integration In Latin America, Will Humphrey

Pepperdine Policy Review

Regionalism is a common phenomenon among many countries who share similar infrastructures, economic climates, and developmental challenges. Latin America is no different and has experienced the urge to economically integrate since World War II. Research literature suggests that public opinion for economic integration can be a motivating factor in a country’s proclivity to integrate with others in its geographic region. People may support integration based on their perception of other countries’ models or based on how much they feel their voice has political value. They may also fear it because they do not trust outsiders and the mixing of societies …

Using Non-Probability Sampling Methods In Agricultural And Extension Education Research, Alexa J. Lamm, Kevan W. Lamm

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Understanding what the public thinks can guide how to target international agricultural and extension education interventions. Public opinion data can also provide insights into how the agricultural and natural resource industry communicates about emerging technologies and practices. However, the use of cellphones and the Internet have greatly reduced response rates to antiquated methods of public opinion data collection and the research world must alter its approach in response. The use of nonprobability sampling techniques has increased dramatically in public opinion research the past five years and more recently within agricultural and extension education research. To keep up with these trends, …

System Simulation Study On Influences Of Oil Price, Policy And Public Opinion On Travel, Yijun Liu, Mengwei Li, Lian Ying

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, environmental problems such as traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution have received widespread attention, which made it of great significance to rationally adjust and guide people to choose green travel modes to optimize the structure of consumer travel. By constructing agent-based binary and ternary consumer driving state simulation models, three measures that may affect the consumer travel, namely, oil price regulation, policy intervention and public opinion guidance are researched, in order to explore the most influential measures, and how the three measures are more suitable for guiding healthy travel and optimizing urban road conditions, …

Public Opinion Evolution And Intervention From Perspective Of Public’S Social Responsibility, Qinghua Song, Jianhong Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the theory of planned behavior and stages of information spreading behavior, public opinion evolution mechanisms are analyzed from the perspective of public’s social responsibility (SR). Stability of public opinion evolution system is influenced by four kinds of information spreading bodies. Corresponding information spreading paths interact each other while they are relatively independent, which makes stability of the four paths show complexity features. Publishing positive information timely, decreasing population proportion of group ignoring SR and decreasing population proportion of group lack of SR are effective measures of reducing intensity of public opinion evolution and severity of public opinion …

Hunter And Public Opinions Of A Columbian Black-Tailed Deer Population In A Pacific Northwest Island Landscape, Robert P. Wingard, Paul R. Krausman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Management decisions are influenced by public acceptance for wildlife; thus, knowledge of public concerns and management preferences can be an advantage to natural resource decision makers. Wildlife managers with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife are concerned that the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; deer) population on Whidbey Island, Washington, USA, exceeds social carrying capacity (i.e., a publicly acceptable population). In summer 2014, we designed a self-administered mail questionnaire to assess opinions of residents and a phone survey to assess the opinions of Whidbey Island deer hunters about Columbian black-tailed deer. We hypothesized that residents would …

The Military Intellectuals In Britain: 1918-1939, O. W. Hamilton, Robin Hingam

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

Information Communication Technologies In Bolivia: Fostering Political Development?, Zachary Decker

Pepperdine Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Slavery, Civil War, And Contemporary Public Opinion In The South, Madison R. Swiney

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

This paper is an empirical extension of Avidit Acharya, Matthew Blackwell, and Maya Sen’s piece (forthcoming), “A Culture of Disenfranchisement: How American Slavery Continues to Affect Voting Behavior.” In their project, Acharya, Blackwell and Sen (forthcoming) show that the counties that had more slaves versus free population in the nineteenth century are more likely to exhibit conservative attitudes in contemporary elections. I am extending this argument by measuring potential influence of Civil War battlegrounds on recent voting patterns and political predispositions. My project finds further support for Acharya, Blackwell and Sen’s study on the predictive power …

Changing Counts, Counting Change: Toward A More Inclusive Definition Of Family, Brian Powell

Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences

Americans now live in a diversity of living arrangements—more so than ever before. Whether or not these living arrangements are counted as family can have direct consequences for people’s lives. Families enjoy many rights and privileges—both formal and informal—that are not provided to others. Understanding the boundaries that Americans make between “families” and “nonfamilies” tells us who is seen as deserving of these rights and privileges. In this article, Brian Powell discusses results of a U.S.-based study in which more than 2000 adults were interviewed about their stances regarding same-sex couples, cohabiting couples, same- sex marriage, and, most importantly, what …

Weak Presidents, Treaty Ratification, And Presidential Leadership Style, Joe Wert, Cliff Staten

Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences

Traditionally, the president is seen as getting his way when it comes to foreign-policy issues; however, with treaty making, an aspect very much related to foreign policy, things are different. Treaties are seen as salient, high-profile, and requiring direct positive action by the Senate. Presidents with high approval ratings would expect to have a relatively easy job at getting treaties approved by the Senate, but when a president is faced with low public approval, one of the most useful tools at his disposal to get Senate approval is not in play. The authors look at a case study of President …