Digital Commons Network^™

Soil And Organic Carbon Losses By Water Erosion In Coffee-Growing Areas In Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, Derielsen Brandão Santana, Guilherme Da Silva Rios, Guilherme Henrique Expedito Lense, Felipe Gomes Rubira, Flávio Roberto Araújo Franceschi, Velibor Spalevic, Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer, Ronaldo Luiz Mincato

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Organic carbon performs essential functions in soils. Soils act as sources or sinks of atmospheric organic carbon. Agricultural management influences soil organic carbon, impacting climate change. One of the crops most vulnerable to climate change is coffee. Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, with a predominance of management under a conventional system, with sloping terrain and the absence of conservationist practices. The absence of conservationist practices results in an increase in soil loss rates due to water management and carbon emissions, as well as a reduction in coffee production. This paper aimed to estimate soil and organic carbon losses …

The Uncertain Future Of Tourism On Migrating Barrier Islands: How And Why The Outer Banks Of North Carolina Should Adjust To Growing Threats, Lillian Coward

William & Mary Law Review

Erosion, storms, and the migration of the barrier islands that comprise the Outer Banks themselves are not new. The rising seas that have resulted from climate change have merely exacerbated what has always occurred. What is new, however, is the economic havoc that natural processes and disasters alike can wreak on the islands. Today, because climate change has accelerated natural island migration, individuals, local governments, and the federal government alike have a lot to lose in the fight against the tides.

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This Note will evaluate a variety of potential solutions to the problems that pose nearly existential threats to …

Crop Farmers And Pastoralists’ Socio-Economic Characteristics Influencing Agricultural Land Use Conflicts In Abia State, Nigeria, J. U. Chikaire, F. N. Nnadi, A. O. Ani, M. A. Ukpongson

African Social Science Review

This study analyzed the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on crop farmers and pastoralists’ land use conflicts in Abia State, located in the Southeastern part of Nigeria. Data were collected with structured questionnaire, complimented with observation from 300 crop farmers and 40 pastoralists and analyzed using ordinary least squares regression model. On the part of the crop farmers, the result indicates that three of the ten independent variables (sex, family size and farm size) influenced positively and significantly the perceived causes of crop farmers and pastoralists land use conflict. On the part of the nomads, household size (t = 2.131), educational …

Soil Governance And Private Property, Sarah J. Fox

Utah Law Review

This is an Article about soil. In consequence, it is also an Article about our relationship to land, and about how that relationship can and must change to confront the many environmental crises facing the United States. Questions about our relationship with the physical environment around us necessarily come to the fore in conversations about soil because of its several identities. It is one of Earth’s most precious resources—the substance responsible for allowing plants to grow, filtering pollutants out of water, providing habitat to countless organisms, sequestering carbon, and providing many other valuable functions. Soil also, however, makes up the …

Assessment Of Soil Quality Index For Different Ndvi Ranges In A Watershed, Bülent Turgut, Sümeyye Güler

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vegetation density on the soil quality index (SQI) in the Godrahav basin, which varies in terms of land use and topographic features. For this purpose, a total of 180 soil samples were taken at depths of 0–20 cm (surface soil) from six ranges of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in a typical watershed in Artvin (northeast Türkiye). The SQI was used to evaluate and calculate soil quality in the study area. Topographic features (elevation, slope, and aspect), land use, physical properties of the soil (clay content, silt content, …

Parting The Red Sea: Prescriptions For The Rluipa Equal Terms Provision's Expanding Circuit Split, Braden T. Meadows

Georgia Law Review

Congress unanimously passed the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) in 2000. The Act marked the culmination of a decades-long dialogue between Congress and the Supreme Court. RLUIPA’s passage embodied Congress’s resolve to provide religious free exercise protections—particularly as it pertained to religious land use. Since 2000, however, RLUIPA’s Equal Terms Provision has been subject to differing judicial interpretations, resulting in an expanding circuit split. This Note analyzes the circuit split and offers guidance to future interpreters.

First, this Note examines the social, legislative, and judicial history leading to RLUIPA’s enactment. Second, it analyzes the contours of interpretations …

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 12, William & Mary Law School

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal

The Importance of Property Rights

September 29-30, 2022

Panel 1: The Importance of Property Rights: A Tribute to James S. Burling

Panel 3: Roundtable: Emerging Issues in Takings and Property Rights Litigation

Featured Authors (Burling, Kanner, and Valois)

The Future Of Crypto-Asset Mining: The Inflation Reduction Act And The Need For Uniform Federal Regulation, Liz Guinan

Sustainable Development Law & Policy

Crypto-asset mining is energy-intensive and environmentally harmful, presenting challenges and opportunities for federal, state and local governments, regulators, and society as a whole. As of December 2021, the United States has thirty-eight percent of the global crypto network hash rate, which is the total amount of computational power used to mine and process crypto transactions, making the United States the world’s largest crypto-asset mining industry. The total electricity consumption of crypto-asset mining in the United States is estimated to be around 121.36 terawatt-hours (“TWh”) per year, which is equivalent to the electricity consumption of approximately 10.9 million households in the …

Managing Chloride Impairment By Expanding And Strengthening Stormwater Regulation In Maine, Heather R. Kenyon

Ocean and Coastal Law Journal

A highly contributing factor to impairment of water quality is stormwater that flows across the urban landscape, picking up pollutants along the way, which is directed by a system of stormwater infrastructure to be deposited in the nearest water body. Though state regulations to manage stormwater are in place, there is a need to strengthen and expand them to address chloride impairment. Chloride impairment stems from the use of road salt during the winter season and is a serious concern for current and future urban streams. The only cost-effective method to address this impairment is reducing the amount that is …

Variances: A Canary In The Coal Mine For Zoning Reform?, John J. Infranca, Ronnie M. Farr

Pepperdine Law Review

There is perhaps no area of land use law where practice departs more from legal doctrine than the realm of zoning variances. According to the legal doctrine, variances are to be granted sparingly, providing a “safety valve” that alleviates unique hardships encountered by a property owner. In practice, variances are granted at high rates—often around ninety percent of applications are approved—and, in some jurisdictions, in high volumes. In such cases, variances effectively serve as a rezoning, enabling jurisdictions to permit otherwise prohibited uses and allow growth and development to occur without addressing needed zoning reforms. By allowing neighbors the opportunity …

Measuring Local Policy To Advance Fair Housing And Climate Goals Through A Comprehensive Assessment Of Land Use Entitlements, Moira O'Neill, Eric Biber, Nicholas J. Marantz

Pepperdine Law Review

California’s legislature has passed several laws that intervene in local land-use regulation in order to increase desperately needed housing production—particularly affordable housing production. Some of these new laws expand local reporting requirements concerning zoning and planning laws, and the application of those laws apply to proposed housing development. This emphasis on measurement requires the state to develop a housing data strategy to support both enforcement of existing law and effective policymaking in the future. Our Comprehensive Assessment of Land Use Entitlements Study (CALES) predates, but aligns with and supports, this state-led effort to improve local reporting. For the cities that …

About Sdlp, Sdlp

Sustainable Development Law & Policy

The Sustainable Development Law & Policy Brief (ISSN 1552-3721) is a student-run initiative at American University Washington College of Law that is published twice each academic year. The Brief embraces an interdisciplinary focus to provide a broad view of current legal, political, and social developments. It was founded to provide a forum for those interested in promoting sustainable economic development, conservation, environmental justice, and biodiversity throughout the world.

The Future Of Pandemics: Land Use Controls As Means Of Preventing Zoonotic Disease, Bailey Andree

Pace International Law Review

Zoonotic diseases are increasing in frequency as climate change worsens around the world, with the recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the inadequate mechanisms in place to counteract disease spread. This article reviews various zoonotic diseases and their patterns of spread, highlighting land use change as the key driver of disease to demonstrate the need for legal intervention. International land use law is a little-developed subsect of environmental law that holds the key to combating this disease spread, and this article proposes solutions through this legal lens. Land use techniques which may be used to combat disease spread include conservation laws, setback …

Book Review: Our Common Ground: A History Of America's Public Lands, Sandra B. Zellmer

Natural Resources Journal

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Changes In Land Use/Cover In Muhayil Asir (Saudi Arabia) During 1990 – 2019, Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System, Maysoon Barakat Al-Zghoul

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Arts مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للآداب

The research aimed to study and analyze the changes of Land Use/Cover and the vegetation patterns in Muhayil Asir Governorate during the period 1990-2019 using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. Imageries from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Sentinel-2 were used. The visuals underwent the pre-processing and classification analysis using the supervised classification method. The results of the accuracy assessment were 91.02% for the producer's accuracy and 89.9% for the consumer's accuracy. The results showed that the study area has four types of land cover: agricultural land, urban areas, soil (unutilized land) and rocks. The area of agricultural land has …

Rationing Access, Roy Baharad, Gideon Parchomovsky

Vanderbilt Law Review

Protection of common natural resources is one of the foremost challenges facing our society. Since Garrett Hardin published his immensely influential The Tragedy of the Commons, theorists have contemplated the best way to save common-pool resources-—national parks, fisheries, heritage sites, and fragile ecosystems-—from overuse and extinction. These efforts have given rise to three principal methods: private ownership, community governance, and use restrictions. In this Essay, we present a different solution to the commons problem that has eluded the attention of theorists: access rationing. Access rationing measures rely not only on restrictions on the number of users but also on a …

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 11, William & Mary Law School

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal

The Role of Empirical Research

September 30-October 1, 2021

Panel 1: The Role of Empirical Research in Defining the Scope of Constitutionally Protected Property Rights: A Tribute to Been

Panel 2: The Relationship Between Eminent Domain and Social and Racial Injustice

Panel 3: The Interdependence of Property and First Amendment Rights

Panel 4: The Distributional Implications of Land Use Regulation

A Legal Map Of New Local Parkland, Daniel B. Rosenbaum

Marquette Law Review

Public parks play consequential roles in local communities. Parks can raise property values, encourage or inhibit sprawl, and promote health, safety, and social cohesion. The decision to create a park affects development in the surrounding area and dictates which residents can easily access the property’s new amenities—and which residents cannot.

Yet, public stakeholders are given few signposts in making and monitoring public park acquisitions. Data on new parkland is scarce; moreover, the legal framework undergirding the process is poorly understood and rarely explored, particularly at the local government level. Although local governments are America’s leading stewards and gatekeepers of public …

Recognition Of Land Use On Open-Pit Coal Mining Area Based On Deeplabv3+ And Gf-2 High-Resolution Images, Zhang Chengye, Li Feiyue, Li Jun, Xing Jianghe, Yang Jinzhong, Guo Junting, Du Shouhang

Coal Geology & Exploration

A highly efficient means is provided by remote sensing and deep learning to keep tracking of land use in open-pit coal mining area. Based on the high–resolution images from the domestic GF-2 satellite, a DeepLabv3+ model was utilized to achieve recognition of land use on open-pit coal mining area. In addition, a comparison was made among Deeplabv3+, U-Net, FCN, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Maximum Likelihood Method. Firstly, samples data from high-resolution images were produced and sensitivity tests were conducted to determine the optimal cutting size and mode of the sample. Then, the deep neural network model (DeepLabv3+) was …

Land Use & Food Supply, Andrew N. Rowan

WellBeing News

Intensive animal agriculture provides increasing amounts of milk and meat (and fish) for human consumption. However, it also consumes many planetary resources and contributes to climate change. Given current trends, it seems almost impossible that we would change our eating habits to reach a point where we might both feed 10 billion people while also repurposing farmland for vanishing wildlife populations. However, several organizations have begun to question the ever-growing demand for animal products by pointing to the devastation animal agriculture is wreaking on the earth and examining the financial wisdom of continuing investment in the firms raising and supplying …

Stale Real Estate Convenants, Robert C. Ellickson

William & Mary Law Review

Since the 1970s, covenants running with the land have tethered a large majority of the new housing units produced in the United States. These private restraints usually continue for generations, until a majority or supermajority of covenant beneficiaries affirmatively vote to amend or terminate them. Covenants interact with public land use controls, particularly zoning ordinances. Zoning politics tends to freeze land uses in urban America, particularly in existing neighborhoods of single-family homes. This Article investigates to what extent covenants exacerbate the zoning freeze. It provides a history of the use of private covenants and suggests how drafters, judges, and legislators …

Land Use—Developments In Massachusetts Zoning And Urban Planning Law, 2018 To The Present, Robert M. Twiss

Western New England Law Review

The Massachusetts Appeals Court has actively interpreted zoning and urban planning law during the past three years. These decisions have produced significant developments in zoning and planning law through the applications of the law to a variety of factual scenarios. The appellate courts have reversed board and lower court decisions on relatively minor distinctions from prior cases.

During the past three years, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) handed down published decisions involving what constitutes a “public use” of property taken by eminent domain, lack of standing claimed by an abutter, the definition of educational institutions under the Dover Amendment, …

Back To The Future, Andrew N. Rowan

WellBeing News

Although our current challenges can seem overwhelming, we need to remind ourselves that we must also focus on creating a sustainable world for the future. Questions to ask include how can we invest in technological innovations that help build and maintain a sustainable world while moving away from approaches that focus on economic growth to the detriment of the the plant's future. Focused attention should be directed to energy, land use, population, and consumption.

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 10, William & Mary Law School

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal

Where Theory Meets Practice

October 1-2, 2020

Panel 1: Where Theory Meets Practice: A Tribute to Henry E. Smith

Panel 2: The Housing Crisis

Lunch Roundtable: Emerging Issues in Takings and Eminent Domain Law

Panel 3: The Reach of Government's Confiscatory Powers Over Exigencies and Emergencies

Panel 4: The Risk of Unjust Compensation

Evaluation Of Land Use And Regulation Criteria Of The Serviced Plots Projects For Low-Income Group In Amman Governorate: The Case Of Tabarbour1 Project, Marka District, Hind Is-Haqat, Hamzah Khawaldah

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The aim of this study was to evaluate land use and regulation criteria of one of the serviced plots projects for low-income group in Amman, implemented by the Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDC), Tabarbour1 Project/ Marka District. The study used descriptive and quantitative methods to analyze collected data; a questionnaire was distributed of a sample of 47 households, (25% of the total built residential plots in the project). The researchers evaluated the project in terms of the land use and regulation criteria implemented in the project. The opinions of the study sample about the resulted built environment after implementing …

Status Kepemilikan Dan Pemanfaatan Tanah Grondkaart Di Stasiun Depok Baru, Lenteng Agung, Dan Tanjung Barat, Sulistiowati Sulistiowati, Nurhasan Ismail, Taufiq El Rahman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The disputes over land ownership and utilization of Grondkaart for Railway activities between the government and PT KAI should not have occurred due to both having the same vested interest for the state. However, the reality shown that land ownership dan agreement status on land use with the third party. Through the qualitative analysis, the research findings: First, land originating from Grondkaart at the location still belongs to the goverment due to the land still holding the status of the right to use or Hak Pakai during the course of the time the land used by the Government and the …

Toxic Bones: The Burdens Of Discovering Human Remains In West Virginia's Abandoned And Unmarked Graves, J. William St. Clair, Robert Deal

West Virginia Law Review Online

This article pulls up and highlights a land use restriction, or financial burden, imposed upon West Virginia private real estate owners who inadvertently uncover human skeletal remains in unmarked graves on their property. In this state, those coming across human bones that historians and archaeologists eventually deem have no historical or archeological significance have a choice—pay the costs to have the bones removed and reinterred or cover the bones and use the property only as a cemetery in perpetuity. This burden becomes more acute when comparing West Virginia’s law to those of other states that require government officials, at public …

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 9, William & Mary Law School

Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal

The State of Regulatory Takings

October 3-4, 2019

Panel 1: The State of Regulatory Takings Jurisprudence: A Tribute to Eagle

Panel 2: Public Resources and Private Rights

Panel 3: Natural Gas and Other Energy Takings: Protecting Private Property Rights When the Public Interest is Promoted By a Non-Governmental Entity

Panel 4: Property and Poverty

Featured Author (Eagle)

Taking It Too Far: Growth Management And The Limits To Land-Use Regulation In Maine, Michael A. Duddy

Maine Law Review

In 1989 Maine enacted the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act. The Act's legislative findings declared that “ the State has a vital interest in ensuring that a comprehensive system of land-use planning and growth management is established as quickly as possible.” However, whenever the state exercises its police power to regulate private land use, it faces a constitutional limit as to how far it can go. When the land-use restriction exceeds that limit, a regulatory taking occurs. This Comment argues that the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act, as it is being interpreted and implemented by state …

Taking It Too Far: Growth Management And The Limits To Land-Use Regulation In Maine, Michael A. Duddy

Maine Law Review

In 1989 Maine enacted the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act. The Act's legislative findings declared that “ the State has a vital interest in ensuring that a comprehensive system of land-use planning and growth management is established as quickly as possible.” However, whenever the state exercises its police power to regulate private land use, it faces a constitutional limit as to how far it can go. When the land-use restriction exceeds that limit, a regulatory taking occurs. This Comment argues that the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act, as it is being interpreted and implemented by state …