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2003

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Efficacy Of Photographic Scent Stations To Detect Mountain Lions, Eric S. Long, Dorothy M. Fecske, Richard A. Sweitzer, Jonathan A. Jenks, Becky M. Pierce, Vernon C. Bleich Dec 2003

Efficacy Of Photographic Scent Stations To Detect Mountain Lions, Eric S. Long, Dorothy M. Fecske, Richard A. Sweitzer, Jonathan A. Jenks, Becky M. Pierce, Vernon C. Bleich

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Nesting And Brood-Rearing Characteristics Of Chukars In West Central Idaho, Andrew J. Lindbloom, Kerry P. Reese, Peter Zager Dec 2003

Nesting And Brood-Rearing Characteristics Of Chukars In West Central Idaho, Andrew J. Lindbloom, Kerry P. Reese, Peter Zager

Western North American Naturalist

We analyzed attributes from 23 nests (10 renests) and 46 brood locations of radio-marked Chukars (Alectoris chukar) in the lower Salmon River canyon of west central Idaho in 1995 and 1996. Nesting effort was 100%, apparent nest success was 45%, and estimated time from destruction or abandonment of a nest to initiation of laying a subsequent nest averaged 13 ± 5 days sx. Average clutch size for 1st nests (14.5 ± 1.0) was greater (P = 0.017) than renests (10.4 ± 1.1). Cover types used by nesting Chukars included grass/forb (48% of nests), rock (43%), …

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Attributes Associated With Probability Of Infestation By The Piñon Ips, Ips Confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), In Piñon Pine, Pinus Edulis, José F. Negrón, Jill L. Wilson Dec 2003

Attributes Associated With Probability Of Infestation By The Piñon Ips, Ips Confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), In Piñon Pine, Pinus Edulis, José F. Negrón, Jill L. Wilson

Western North American Naturalist

We examined attributes of piñon pine (Pinus edulis) associated with the probability of infestation by piñon ips (Ips confuses) in an outbreak in the Coconino National Forest, Arizona. We used data collected from 87 plots, 59 infested and 28 uninfested, and a logistic regression approach to estimate the probability of infestation based on plot and tree-level attributes. Piñon pine stand density index was a good predictor of the likelihood of infestation by piñon ips at the plot level, and a cross-validation analysis confirmed that the model correctly classified 82% of the cases. Diameter at root collar …

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Beaver Herbivory Of Willow Under Two Flow Regimes: A Comparative Study On The Green And Yampa Rivers, Stewart W. Breck, Kenneth R. Wilson, Douglas C. Andersen Dec 2003

Beaver Herbivory Of Willow Under Two Flow Regimes: A Comparative Study On The Green And Yampa Rivers, Stewart W. Breck, Kenneth R. Wilson, Douglas C. Andersen

Western North American Naturalist

The effect of flow regulation on plant-herbivore ecology has received very little attention, despite the fact that flow regulation can alter both plant and animal abundance and environmental factors that mediate interactions between them. To determine how regulated flows have impacted beaver (Castor Canadensis) and sandbar willow (Salix exigua) ecology, we first quantified the abundance and mapped the spatial distribution of sandbar willow on alluvial sections of the flow-regulated Green River and free-flowing Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. We then established 16 and 15 plots (1 m x 2.7 m) in patches of willow on the …

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Fire Effects On Spiny Hopsage In South Central Washington, Sally A. Simmons, William H. Rickard Dec 2003

Fire Effects On Spiny Hopsage In South Central Washington, Sally A. Simmons, William H. Rickard

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Responses Of Opossums And Raccoons To Bobcat And Coyote Feces, Philip S. Gipson, Troy R. Livingston, Gerald L. Zuercher, Mark E. Howard Dec 2003

Responses Of Opossums And Raccoons To Bobcat And Coyote Feces, Philip S. Gipson, Troy R. Livingston, Gerald L. Zuercher, Mark E. Howard

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 63 Dec 2003

Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 63

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4 Dec 2003

Front Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Spartan Daily, December 3, 2003, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 2003

Spartan Daily, December 3, 2003, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 121, Issue 64

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Alum And Pacl Coagulation, Winarni Winarni Dec 2003

Alum And Pacl Coagulation, Winarni Winarni

Makara Journal of Technology

Alum and PACl Coagulation. Coagulation occurs by interaction of aluminum hydrolysis products with the contaminant such as colloidal particles. It is necessary to consider the different aluminum species that may present during specific conditions, since the mechanism of turbidity removal is dependent upon them. PACl consists of preformed aluminum hydrolysis products, which are stable below pH 6 and less sensitive than in situ hydrolysis product, alum. The benefits of PACl relative to alum have been investigated as a function of pH and Al dosages. Specific conditions and aluminum species that exist during the certain mechanisms of coagulation are discussed. Results …

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Role Of K3-Xhxpw12o40 As A Catalyst In Selective Catalysis Of Methylamine Synthesis From Ammonia And Methanol, Mohammad Nasikin Dec 2003

Role Of K3-Xhxpw12o40 As A Catalyst In Selective Catalysis Of Methylamine Synthesis From Ammonia And Methanol, Mohammad Nasikin

Makara Journal of Technology

Role of K3-xHxPW12O40 as a Catalyst in Selective Catalysis of Methylamine Synthesis from Ammonia and Methanol. Synthesize of methylamine from methanol and ammonia was studied in this research work using a partially potassium heteropoly salt (K3-xHxPW12O40 abbreviated as KPW) as a catalyst. KPW was prepared from heteropoly salt and potassium carbonate by using ion exchange method. The reaction was conducted at 600 ~ 800K and at the atmospheric pressure. Reactor used was a continue flow reactor with W/F=0,1~0,9g-kat.mnt./cc.Concentration of reactants and products were analyzed by gas chromathography while catalyst structure was observed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). Isothermal adsorption method was …

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Application Of Tabu Search Algorithm In Job Shop Scheduling, Betrianis Betrianis, Putu Teguh Aryawan Dec 2003

Application Of Tabu Search Algorithm In Job Shop Scheduling, Betrianis Betrianis, Putu Teguh Aryawan

Makara Journal of Technology

Application of Tabu Search Algorithm in Job Shop Scheduling. Tabu Search is one of local search methods which is used to solve the combinatorial optimization problem. This method aimed is to make the searching process of the best solution in a complex combinatorial optimization problem(np hard), ex : job shop scheduling problem, became more effective, in a less computational time but with no guarantee to optimum solution.In this paper, tabu search is used to solve the job shop scheduling problem consists of 3 (three) cases, which is ordering package of September, October and November with objective of minimizing makespan (Cmax). …

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The Selection Of Materials For Roller Chains From The Perspective Of Manufacturing Process, Rahmat Saptono Dec 2003

The Selection Of Materials For Roller Chains From The Perspective Of Manufacturing Process, Rahmat Saptono

Makara Journal of Technology

The selection of materials for an engineering component is not only requested by its design function and shape, but also the sequence through which it is manufactured. The manufacturing operation of roller chains involves drawing and trimming processes aimed at producing semi-finished chain drives component with a well-standardized dimension. In addition to final combination of properties required by design constraints, the ability of materials to be formed into a desired shape and geometry without failure is also critical. The objective of materials selection should therefore involve additional attributes that are not typically accommodated by the standard procedure of materials selection. …

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizae In Thermal-Influenced Soils In Yellowstone National Park, Rebecca A. Bunn, Catherine A. Zabinski Dec 2003

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae In Thermal-Influenced Soils In Yellowstone National Park, Rebecca A. Bunn, Catherine A. Zabinski

Western North American Naturalist

Mycorrhizae are common plant-fungal symbioses occurring in most land plants. Despite their ubiquity, little is known about the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in extreme environments. We surveyed for the presence of AM in thermal sites in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) where soils are characterized by extreme pHs, elevated temperatures, and toxic element concentrations. Plants at 5 sites, growing in soils with rooting-zone temperatures up to 48°C and soil pH values as low as 3.4, were mycorrhizal (colonization levels from 4% to 34%). Soils from a sparsely vegetated thermal area and an adjacent, continuously vegetated transition area differed significantly in …

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Plant Invasions In Protected Areas At Multiple Scales: Linaria Vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) In The West Yellowstone Area, Aníbal Pauchard, Paul B. Alaback, Eric G. Edlund Dec 2003

Plant Invasions In Protected Areas At Multiple Scales: Linaria Vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) In The West Yellowstone Area, Aníbal Pauchard, Paul B. Alaback, Eric G. Edlund

Western North American Naturalist

Invasive alien plants have long been recognized as a threat to low-elevation, disturbed environments, but the case of Linaria vulgaris Mill. in Yellowstone National Park and Gallatin National Forest shows that invasions can also spread to high-elevation natural reserves. Because invasions in protected areas are a product of complex processes occurring over a broad range of scales, we argue that a multi-scale research approach is needed to capture both patterns and potential mechanisms of the invasion process. Mapping L. vulgaris at the landscape scale, we found the species occupying a broad range of sites, apparently originating from just 2 historical …

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Soil Properties Associated With Vegetation Patches In A Pinus Ponderosa–Bunchgrass Mosaic, Becky K. Kerns, Margaret M. Moore, Michael E. Timpson, Stephen C. Hart Dec 2003

Soil Properties Associated With Vegetation Patches In A Pinus Ponderosa–Bunchgrass Mosaic, Becky K. Kerns, Margaret M. Moore, Michael E. Timpson, Stephen C. Hart

Western North American Naturalist

Since Euro-American settlement, fire exclusion and other factors have dramatically altered interior western coniferous forests. Once open and parklike, present-day structure in many southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests consists of dense stands of young, small-diameter trees, with small patches of larger, old trees, and relict open bunchgrass areas. Our objectives were to assess differences in soil properties associated with these different vegetation patches. We examined soil morphological characteristics, pH, organic C concentration, total N concentration, C:N ratio, and phytolith concentration from profiles within 6 transects (18 soil pedons) crossing patches of dense stands of small diameter trees, patches of old-growth trees, …

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High Nitrogen Availability Does Not Improve Salinity Tolerance In Sarcobatus Vermiculatus, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, James H. Richards Dec 2003

High Nitrogen Availability Does Not Improve Salinity Tolerance In Sarcobatus Vermiculatus, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, James H. Richards

Western North American Naturalist

Natural and anthropogenic changes in basin lake levels in the western U.S. expose saline, alkaline substrates that are commonly colonized by shrubs in the Chenopodiaceae. On a chronosequence of recently exposed substrates at Mono Lake, California, Sarcobatus vermiculatus has greatest biomass accrual, seed production, seedling establishment, and leaf N at younger sites where soils are extremely saline and alkaline. These field observations and an understanding of the role of N-containing compatible solutes in salinity tolerance of halophytes led to our prediction that Na and N interactions stimulate Sarcobatus performance. To test this, we grew Sarcobatus juveniles for 2 years in …

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Habitat Features And Predictive Habitat Modeling For The Colorado Chipmunk In Southern New Mexico, Marina Rivieccio, Bruce C. Thompson, William R. Gould, Kenneth G. Boykin Dec 2003

Habitat Features And Predictive Habitat Modeling For The Colorado Chipmunk In Southern New Mexico, Marina Rivieccio, Bruce C. Thompson, William R. Gould, Kenneth G. Boykin

Western North American Naturalist

Two subspecies of Colorado chipmunk (state threatened and federal species of concern) occur in southern New MeXico: Tamias quadrivittatus australis in the Organ Mountains and T. q. oscuraensis in the Oscura Mountains. We developed a GIS model of potentially suitable habitat based on vegetation and elevation features, evaluated site classifications of the GIS model, and determined vegetation and terrain features associated with chipmunk occurrence. We compared GIS model classifications with actual vegetation and elevation features measured at 37 sites. At 60 sites we measured 18 habitat variables regarding slope, aspect, tree species, shrub species, and ground cover. We used logistic …

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Population Structure And Paternity In An American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) Population Using Microsatellite Dna, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Hal L. Black, Keith A. Crandall Dec 2003

Population Structure And Paternity In An American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) Population Using Microsatellite Dna, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Hal L. Black, Keith A. Crandall

Western North American Naturalist

We report genetic microsatellite data from analysis of 71 American black bears (Ursus americanus) from the East Tavaputs Plateau in eastern Utah. Heterozygosity was 52.9%, which is lower than other mainland North American populations and possibly reflects low recruitment into the study area. We used a combination of known pedigrees (mother/cubs), relatedness estimates, and paternity estimation using CERVUS to infer single and possible multiple paternity within litters, breeding by pairs over consecutive years, and the possibility of a single male successfully breeding with multiple females in a single year. Estimates of inbreeding effective population size indicate the East …

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Effects Of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Infestations On Forest Overstory And Understory Conditions In Western Wyoming, Joel D. Mcmillin, Kurt K. Allen Dec 2003

Effects Of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Infestations On Forest Overstory And Understory Conditions In Western Wyoming, Joel D. Mcmillin, Kurt K. Allen

Western North American Naturalist

Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) infestations frequently result from disturbance events that create large volumes of weakened Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Previous research has focused on determining susceptibility of forest stands to Douglas-fir beetle and predicting the amount of tree mortality from Douglas-fir beetle infestations following disturbance events. Little work has been done on consequent changes in the forest overstory and understory. In the early 1990s, populations of Douglas-fir beetle increased in fire-scorched trees, subsequently infesting undamaged neighboring stands in the Rocky Mountains of western Wyoming, USA. In 1999 transect sampling and 25 pairs of previously infested …

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Reproductive Ecology Of Dusky Flycatchers In Montane Meadows Of The Central Sierra Nevada, James W. Cain Iii, Michael L. Morrison Dec 2003

Reproductive Ecology Of Dusky Flycatchers In Montane Meadows Of The Central Sierra Nevada, James W. Cain Iii, Michael L. Morrison

Western North American Naturalist

Avian species with expansive ranges or those that occupy more than one vegetative association may vary in aspects of their life histories across their ranges. The distribution of Dusky Flycatchers encompasses a variety of vegetative associations, including riparian communities. However, much of the literature on this species details studies conducted in upland areas. Our objectives were to describe the breeding ecology and fecundity of Dusky Flycatchers nesting in montane meadows of the central Sierra Nevada, California. We monitored 36 territories and located 37 Dusky Flycatcher nests in 8 meadows. Average clutch size was 3.9 eggs. Egg laying, incubation, and nestling …

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Western Scrub-Jay Breeding Biology In Central Colorado, Kerri Vierling, Barbara L. Winternitz Dec 2003

Western Scrub-Jay Breeding Biology In Central Colorado, Kerri Vierling, Barbara L. Winternitz

Western North American Naturalist

The breeding ecology of the Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica) in the midwestern United States is relatively unknown compared with Aphelocoma species in other geographic regions. We examined Western Scrub-Jay breeding biology in Colorado between 1970 and 1992. Incubation was initiated in early April and lasted 16 days, while the nestling stage lasted approximately 17-18 days. Clutch size averaged 4.0 eggs per nest, reproductive success was 25%, and productivity averaged 0.66 fledglings per nest. The low reproductive success and productivity measures may be due to high predator densities in the surrounding suburban landscape. Western Scrub-Jays preferred nesting in eastern …

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A New Record Of Heribaudiella Fluviatilis, A Freshwater Brown Alga (Phaeophyceae), From Oregon, John D. Wehr, Alissa A. Perrone Dec 2003

A New Record Of Heribaudiella Fluviatilis, A Freshwater Brown Alga (Phaeophyceae), From Oregon, John D. Wehr, Alissa A. Perrone

Western North American Naturalist

Members of the algal class Phaeophyceae (brown algae) are almost entirely marine species. A few genera have been described from freshwater habitats, but their distribution and ecological requirements, especially in North America, are very poorly known. The 1st specimens of a freshwater species of brown algae from Oregon, Heribaudiella fluviatilis, were discovered in 3 localities of the McKenzie River, near McKenzie Bridge and Belknap Springs (44°22′N, 122°00′-15′W). This is the 4th extant population of this species known from the United States. The alga forms distinctive, macroscopic, dark brown patches on rocks in rapidly flowing water. In the McKenzie River …

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Nest-Site Selection By Western Screech-Owls In The Sonoran Desert, Arizona, Paul C. Hardy, Michael L. Morrison Dec 2003

Nest-Site Selection By Western Screech-Owls In The Sonoran Desert, Arizona, Paul C. Hardy, Michael L. Morrison

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Discovery Of The Milliped Tylobolus Utahensis Chamberlin In Arizona (Spirobolida : Spirobolidae), Rowland M. Shelley, Lawrence E. Stevens Dec 2003

Discovery Of The Milliped Tylobolus Utahensis Chamberlin In Arizona (Spirobolida : Spirobolidae), Rowland M. Shelley, Lawrence E. Stevens

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4 Dec 2003

End Matter, Vol. 63 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue, Vol. 63 No. 4 Dec 2003

Full Issue, Vol. 63 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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U.S. Infringement Liability For Foreign Sellers Of Infringing Products, Troy Petersen Dec 2003

U.S. Infringement Liability For Foreign Sellers Of Infringing Products, Troy Petersen

Duke Law & Technology Review

With the ever-increasing international flavor of business comes an important question for United States patent holders and foreign manufacturers alike: Can a company be held liable for patent infringement in the United States for selling an infringing product abroad that is later imported into the United States?

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Spartan Daily, December 2, 2003, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 2003

Spartan Daily, December 2, 2003, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 121, Issue 63

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Prólogo, Ángel Berenguer Dec 2003

Prólogo, Ángel Berenguer

Teatro: Revista de Estudios Escénicos / A Journal of Theater Studies

No abstract provided.

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