Digital Commons Network^™

The Tax Reform Act Of 1986: Simplicity, Equity, And Efficiency, Douglas Holtz-Eakin

Akron Tax Journal

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) has added another chapter to the already crowded tax history of the 1980's. Since the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, the nation has seen several major tax changes: The Economic Recovery Tax Act in 1981, The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act in 1982, and TRA86. With tax reform now well down on the list of legislative priorities (at least until next year!) it seems a propitious time for a general assessment of the structure of the federal tax system.

This paper reviews TRA86 with an eye toward these issues. The order …

Messenger 1987

The Messenger

No abstract provided.

Acknowledgement, James H. Copp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Selection Factors In Housing Among Rural Low-To-Moderate Income Residents, Kenneth J. Gruber, Ann R. Hiatt, Gladys G. Shelton

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Growth in rural areas has increased the need to examine more closely the quality and acceptability of different types of existing housing. This study focuses on the reasons rural residents moved to their housing and whether their needs were satisfied by their selections. Comparisons of reasons for moving among conventional home, mobile home, and apartment residents indicated similar motivations for housing choices. Comparisons of present housing satisfaction revealed that a large majority of all respondents selected housing that met their needs. The results suggest that despite the predominant preference for single-family conventionally built homes, a substantial portion of future housing …

Our Authors, James H. Copp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Farm Policies On Agriculture, Farm Structure, And Rural Communities, Ronald D. Knutson, James W. Richardson, Edward G. Smith

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper discusses the economic, technological, and political factors affecting farm and rural community structure. It concludes that the economic and technological pressures leading to a more concentrated commercial agriculture are strong and political choices to the contrary will likely fail. This conclusion implies an increased need for pragmatic transition policies.

Influence Of The Community Economic Base On Off-Farm Employment, Gregory S. Taylor, Mike D. Woods

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Current research indicates the prevalence of off-farm employment among United States farm families creates an important linkage between farm and nonfarm sectors of the economy. The contention is that the nonfarm sector contributes through this medium to the economic viability of the farm sector. Despite the relevance of this linkage, few attempts have been made to further specify its nature. This study examines the extent and source (by industry) of off-farm employment in Texas nonmetropolitan counties, classified by their economic base. Data are from the 1980 Census of Population and the classification of nonmetro counties developed by ERS, USDA. The …

Traditional And Non-Traditional Explanations Of Food Consumption: The Case Of Beef, Patricia K. Guseman, William Alex Mcintosh, Stephen G. Sapp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Changes in the consumption of many foods, particularly beef, underlie the recent interest in isolating factors explaining these trends. This study focuses on three orienting explanations for differential beef consumption--microeconomic, social structural, and risk reduction perspectives. Consumption is defined by past and anticipated future utilization of beef, as well as present beef consumption relative to possible substitutes. While the microeconomic model is the most useful for isolating an individual's beef intake, it is clear that consumption behavior is dependent on more than income and supply factors. Social structural and risk reduction perspectives increase by 83 percent the R² found through …

Accountability And The Cooperative Extension Service: An Emerging Role For Rural Sociology, Howard Ladewig

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Presidential address of the Southern Rural Sociological Association, Orlando, Florida, February 1986.

Changes In Industrial And Occupational Structures Of Texas Counties, 1960-80, John K. Thomas, H. L. Goodwin Jr.

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper identifies and examines industrial and occupational changes that have accompanied population growth in Texas. According to the 1960 U.S. Census definitions for county size, Texas counties were grouped as metropolitan, urban-nonrnetropolitan, and rural-nonmetropolitan. Employment in 13 industrial and 9 occupational categories was used to measure sustenance differentiation. Industrial employment (SDI) diversified in both the sixties and seventies as nonrnetropolitan counties became more structurally homogeneous. Occupational employment (SDO) decreased in operative, labor, and farmer-farm worker jobs and increased in sales, crafts, clerical, and professional-technical-kindred jobs. Additionally, in 1980 SDI and SDO were markedly less correlated than in previous years, …

The All New This Old South, Leann M. Tigges, Gary P. Green

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Recent claims concerning the rise of the Sunbelt closely resemble those previously made about the New South. It is assumed that the South has finally broken the ties of dependency with the North and has embarked on a remarkable path of self-sustained growth. In fact, this growth in the South is considered to be largely at the expense of the North. These and other similar claims are based on five assumptions about the South: 1) An economic transformation has occurred in the region; 2) absentee ownership is minimal; 3) benefits of economic growth has been diffused to most segments of …

Income Security Policy And The Nonmetro Poor, Susan Bentley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Income security in the United States is affected by both income transfer policy and tax policy. Transfer payments have reduced the incidence of poverty in the United States. The nonmetro poverty rates, however, remains higher than the metro poverty rate, even after considering growing in-kind transfers. Additionally, nonmetro areas depend heavily on transfer payments for personal income. Because adjustments in tax policy have not kept pace with inflation, the working poor have paid an increasing share of their income in taxes. This is particularly important for nonmetro areas, as most of their poor families contain at least one worker. The …

A Rural-Urban Comparison Of Preferences Expressed By Elders For Long-Term Care Arrangements, William J. Mcauley, Rosemary Blieszner

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper examines the long-term care (LTC) arrangements selected by rural older people, identifies the characteristics associated with their selections, and compares patterns of selection and related factors with those of elderly urban residents. The research is based upon 1,240 cases selected from a larger statewide area probability sample of noninstitutionalized persons at least 60 years old. Results, based upon tabular and logistic regression analysis, suggest that older rural residents are more likely than their urban counterparts to select LTC arrangements that involve both formal and informal forms of care as well as arrangements that are more likely to facilitate …

Colloidal Gold Labelling Of Fibrinogen Receptors In Epinephrine – And Adp–Activated Platelet Suspensions, J. A. Oliver, R. M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

It has been generally accepted for over twenty years that epinephrine stimulates platelet aggregation without inducing shape change. However, it has been recently reported that discoid platelets are not recruited into ADP-or epinephrine-stimulated aggregates. Previous work in our laboratory has suggested that platelet shape change is necessary for the binding of fibrinogen to its surface receptor, which is a prerequisite for platelet aggregation. These studies seem to indicate that epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation does involve shape change. To investigate this possibility, the extent of shape change and fibrinogen binding in suspensions of epinephrine-and ADP-activated and control platelets was assessed by scanning …

Light And Electron Microscopic Localization Of Glycoconjugates With Gold-Labeled Reagents, J. Roth

Scanning Microscopy

This paper gives an overview of the use of lectins, glycoproteins, monoclonal anticarbohydrate antibodies, toxins, and glycosyltransferases for the detection and localization of cellular glycoconjugates in sections from embedded tissues by light and electron microscopy. In all these techniques particles of colloidal gold were used as a marker. For light microscopic studies routine conditions of embedding such as paraffin or Epon embedding could be employed. For electron microscopic studies the low temperature embedding technique using Lowicryl K4M was found to be the method of choice for the localization of sugar residues in intracellular compartments, the extracellular matrix and the plasma …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Of Particles Generated By Laser Damage Of Aluminum Surfaces, L. L. Levenson, S. D. Traynor, G. A. Brost, F. Ziembo

Scanning Microscopy

A high intensity iodine laser (1.315 μm wavelength) was used to study laser-surface damage in vacuum. A 22mm diameter laser beam containing 3.9 J of energy was focused to a 1 mm spot on an aluminum plate mounted in a vacuum chamber. The laser pulse width was 7 μs (FWHM). A copper strip mounted on a quarter circle plate 3.5 cm from the laser spot was used to collect particles ejected from the surface. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure the size and spatial distribution of the particles collected on the copper strip. It was found that …

The Scanning Electron Microscopy/Replica Technique And Recent Applications To The Study Of Fossil Bone, Timothy G. Bromage

Scanning Microscopy

The SEM/replica technique employs high resolution replica materials in order to reflect microstructural details of specimens, such as fossil bones, which cannot be observed directly. The described technique is simple, provides excellent resolution, is maximally adaptable to field and laboratory settings, and is applicable to large and topographically complex bone surfaces. The advent of the technique has made it largely possible to address certain issues in anthropology and paleontology. These contributions have principally been concerned with taphonomy as the study of the bone damage process, and bone biology as it relates to bone growth remodeling processes characterizing the facial growth …

The Historic Huntsville Quarterly Of Local Architecture And Preservation, Vol. 13, No. 2, Winter 1987, Historic Huntsville Foundation

The Historic Huntsville Quarterly

No abstract provided.

The White-Turner-Sanford Home: Legacy Of An Elusive Virginian, William J. Stubno Jr.

The Historic Huntsville Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Specifications, Nell Esslinger

The Historic Huntsville Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Analysis Of Occlusal Microwear In Australopithecus And Paranthropus, Frederick E. Grine

Scanning Microscopy

Quantitative analysis of microwear features preserved on the occlusal surfaces of the M²s of southern African specimens of Australopithecus and Paranthropus (the so-called 'gracile' and 'robust' australopithecines) reveals that there is no striking relationship in either taxon between occlusal facet inclination and the incidence of wear features. Within each taxon, Phase I and Phase II facets tend to differ in a similar manner in the total number of wear features, the percentage frequency of pitting, and in the orientation of wear scratches. Nevertheless, Paranthropus molars tend to display significantly greater numbers of microwear features on both Phase I …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Early Dinosaur Egg Shell Structure: A Comparison With Other Rigid Sauropsid Eggs, Frederick E. Grine, James W. Kitching

Scanning Microscopy

Fossil eggs attributable to dinosaur (probably prosauropod) parentage that have been recovered from the early Jurassic Elliot Formation sediments at the Rooidraai locality possess shells that are similar to those of birds and crocodilians, and distinctly unlike those of chelonians and gekkonids. The preserved shell is very thin, and distinct mammillary processes are lacking, although the inner surface displays an undulating contour. The absence of these processes may be attributable to the inner portion of the shell having been at least partially decalcified during incubation and not preserved in the fossil state. The shells appear to be composed of broadly …

Analysis Of Primate Dental Microwear Using Image Processing Techniques, Richard F. Kay

Scanning Microscopy

This paper introduces Fourier transformation as a rapid, replicable means for characterizing and distinguishing patterns of microscopic wear on primate teeth. The two-dimensional power spectra obtained from numerical Fourier transformation are shown to be different between two test patterns, one of which is composed of linear features and the other of randomly-spaced dots. A comparison is made, using Fourier transformation, of dental microwear patterns of small samples of two primate species, Ateles geoffroyi, the spider monkey, and Chiropotes satanas, the bearded saki. Ateles, with a scratch-dominated pattern of microwear, has a Fourier transform resembling that of the …

Morphological Characterization Of Materials Using Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (Lvsem), Jesse Hefter

Scanning Microscopy

The use of lower energy (0.5 to 10 keV) electron beams in the scanning electron microscope (LVSEM) provides a number of advantages in the imaging of materials, including increased topographic contrast and reduced specimen charging. Application of LVSEM to materials analysis was difficult in the past due to a number of instrumental difficulties, including low gun brightness, the increased effect of chromatic aberration upon lower energy beams, and the increased sensitivity of such electron beams to stray fields. Improvements in design have led to commercial instruments which provide the microscopist with the capability to analyze materials in this low-energy regime. …

Editor's Notes, Glen Goodknight

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

No abstract provided.

Tolkien And Old Germanic Ethics, Robert Boenig

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

Claims the “idea that a warrior must die with his lord in battle is one of the most important moral injunctions among the various Germanic peoples.” Uses this theme to examine Tolkien’s work for his reworking of the Old Germanic ethic into a Christian perspective.

The Figure Of Beatrice In The Works Of Charles Williams, Judith Kollmann

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

Keynote address, Mythcon 17. Notes the importance of the figure of Beatrice to Williams, and reviews his use of Beatrician figures in his novels and poems.

Quenti Lambardillion: A Column On Middle-Earth Linguistics: The Languages Of Middle-Earth (Part Ii), Paul Nolan Hyde

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

A history of the languages of Middle-earth and their relationships with each other.

A Centennial Retrospective On Charles Williams, David Bratman, Judith Kollmann, Bernadette Bosky, David Samuelson, Richard L. Purtill, Paul Edwin Zimmer, Amy Falkowitz, Antoinette Brenion, Christopher Henrich, Alexei Kondratiev, Fred Williams, Paul Nolan Hyde, Gracia Fay Ellwood, Randolph Fritz, Thomas Clareson, Wendell Wagner, Joe Christopher, Edith Crowe

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

Edited transcript of a panel discussion (including audience contributions) at the 17th Mythopoeic Society Conference.

Tales Newly Told, Alexei Kondratiev

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

No abstract provided.