Digital Commons Network^™

Learning Models For Corrupted Multi-Dimensional Data: Fundamental Limits And Algorithms, Ishan Jindal

Wayne State University Dissertations

Developing machine learning models for unstructured multi-dimensional datasets such as datasets with unreliable labels and noisy multi-dimensional signals with or without missing information have becoming a central necessity. We are not always fortunate enough to get noise-free datasets for developing classification and representation models. Though there is a number of techniques available to deal with noisy datasets, these methods do not exploit the multi-dimensional structures of the signals, which could be used to improve the overall classification and representation performance of the model.

In this thesis, we develop a Kronecker-structure (K-S) subspace model that exploits the multi-dimensional structure of the …

The Use Of Cultural Algorithms To Learn The Impact Of Climate On Local Fishing Behavior In Cerro Azul, Peru, Khalid Kattan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Recently it has been found that the earth’s oceans are warming at a pace that is 40% faster than predicted by a United Nations panel a few years ago. As a result, 2019 has become the warmest year on record for the earth’s oceans. That is because the oceans have acted as a buffer by absorbing 93% of the heat produced by the greenhouse gases [40].

The impact of the oceanic warming has already been felt in terms of the periodic warming of the Pacific Ocean as an effect of the ENSO process. The ENSO process is a cycle of …

The Role Of Periodic Conventions In Generating And Undermining Constitutional Loyalty, Kevin Gerald Lorentz

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the U.S., popular support is widespread for both the federal and state constitutional charters, although the former enjoys greater support than the latter. Such support is necessary for maintaining a constitution’s legitimacy; popular support for the laws ensures continued obedience to them. However, critics note that blind support, or excessive veneration, may have negative consequences, including saddling a political community with suboptimal institutions. Support must be balanced with the necessity of “periodic repairs,” allowing each generation to review the prior’s work. In modern parlance, critics advocate for periodic constitutional conventions, permitting constitutional revisions irrespective of tradition or presumed legal …

Utilizing Immunopet To Measure Tumor Response To Treatment In Breast Cancer, Brooke Mcknight

Wayne State University Dissertations

With a broad spectrum of therapies available for treating breast cancer, the need for personalized medicine tailoring the cure according to phenotype is evident. Such an approach may be fully realized with the development of quantitative imaging technologies for disease detection, staging and diagnosis, without increasing patient burden. Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) combines the targeted specificity of antibodies with the sensitivity of PET for whole body imaging by targeting molecular features amplified in lesions. ImmunoPET probes targeting different antigens and their utility to measure response to treatment were explored. 89Zr-trastuzumab was employed as a surrogate readout of Src inhibition after …

Alterations In Ocular Surface System During The Pathogenesis Of Herpes Stromal Keratitis, Pushpa Durgesh Rao

Wayne State University Dissertations

Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a chronic immuno-inflammatory ocular disease caused by Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in the cornea. HSK is characterized by the development of corneal opacity and angiogenesis accompanied by the loss of corneal transparency. Despite extensive studies on inhibiting corneal angiogenesis and strategies to reduce HSK disease development, a key underlying mechanism to maintain an intact and a transparent corneal surface during HSK disease progression, remain obscure. Our study has addressed possible causes for the HSK disease severity by identifying the key factors such as the development of inflammatory hypoxia, reduced tear volume, Inflammation of extra-orbital …

Framing The Debate: The Role Of Gender, Beneficiaries, And Cost In Paid Parental Leave Policy Support, Kimberly Anne Saks Mcmanaway

Wayne State University Dissertations

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy’s Commission on the Status of Women found that the lack of income security during pregnancy and childbearing “one of the major remaining gaps in the protection of workers against losses of income,” (American Women 1963, p. 27). Despite popular support for such a policy, the United States remains one of only three countries that does not have a such a policy (OECD, 2017). Commentators have argued that the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 was successful due to the diverse coalition behind it which included feminist groups and conservative religious organizations alike. The …

An Approach To Evaluate Disability Using Machine Learning And Sensor-Equipped Instruments Demonstrated On Hand Grip Force Data, Prem Kumar Sivakumar

Wayne State University Dissertations

The goal of this research is to improve the process of rehabilitation. Even though the current tools and technologies are meeting the requirements of clinical use, there is a lot of room for improvement. Improving the tools used in therapy can help reduce costs and save time for the patient and the therapist by giving a valuable insight into the progress of the therapeutic process. Combining therapeutic tools with cognitive tools such as machine learning can assist a therapist to determine and predict functional ability and help patients keep track of their progress.

The long-term goal for instrumented outcome measures …

The Role Of The Cell-Surface Protease Tmprss13 In Colorectal Cancer, Fausto Alexander Varela

Wayne State University Dissertations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in both men and women in the United States. Extracellular proteolysis is often dysregulated in cancer including (CRC), resulting in degradation of extracellular matrix, as well as cleavage, processing, or shedding of cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, and cytokines. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression; however, many family members have not yet been characterized in malignancy. We identified TMPRSS13 transcript to be upregulated in CRC compared to normal colon. This increase was confirmed …

Trna Aminoacylation: New Protein Players And New Reactions, Whitney Noel Wood

Wayne State University Dissertations

TRNA AMINOACYLATION: NEW PROTEIN PLAYERS AND NEW REACTIONS

by

WHITNEY N. WOOD

May 2019

Advisor: Dr. Tamara L. Hendrickson

Major: Chemistry (Biochemistry)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Protein translation must usually occur with high accuracy for an organism to survive. However, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, and many other microorganisms including important human pathogens, lack one or more aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS), the enzymes that typically aminoacylate tRNAs for ribosomal translation. These organisms must use an indirect pathway to aminoacylate some tRNAs. Specifically, H. pylori lacks the genes that encode for asparaginyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases (AsnRS and GlnRS, respectively). Instead, H. pylori uses …

Data-Driven Intelligent Scheduling For Long Running Workloads In Large-Scale Datacenters, Guoyao Xu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cloud computing is becoming a fundamental facility of society today. Large-scale public or private cloud datacenters spreading millions of servers, as a warehouse-scale computer, are supporting most business of Fortune-500 companies and serving billions of users around the world. Unfortunately, modern industry-wide average datacenter utilization is as low as 6% to 12%. Low utilization not only negatively impacts operational and capital components of cost efficiency, but also becomes the scaling bottleneck due to the limits of electricity delivered by nearby utility. It is critical and challenge to improve multi-resource efficiency for global datacenters.

Additionally, with the great commercial success of …

Analysis And Mitigation Of The Impacts Of Delays In Control Of Power Systems With Renewable Energy Sources, Chang Fu

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Analysis and Mitigation of the Impacts of Delays in Control of Power Systems

with Renewable Energy Sources

by

Chang Fu

Apr. 2019

Advisor : Dr. Caisheng Wang

Major : Electrical and Computer Engineering

Degree : Doctor of Philosophy

With the integration of renewable resources, electric vehicles and other uncertain

resources into power grid, varieties of control topology and algorithms have been proposed to

increase the stability and reliability of the operation system. Load modeling is an critical part

in such analysis since it significantly impacts the accuracy of the simulation in power system,

as well as stability and reliability …

Health And Natural Capital In An Augmented Solow Growth Model, Sa-Ad Iddrisu

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation explains output growth in nations using two different forms of economic capital (health and natural capital) in separate models under paper 1 and 2. In paper 1, income per worker’s growth in the emerging market economies and developing economies is estimated using health capital. Previous studies done on health capital and output growth have mostly focused on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and advanced economies, but I focused on emerging market economies and developing economies. I examined the association amongst health capital and economic growth in an augmented Solow Model, using total HEX per capita and …

Stress-Dependent Regulation Of A Major Node Of The Insulin-Like Peptide Network That Modulates Survival, Rashmi Chandra

Wayne State University Dissertations

Chronic stress disrupts insulin signaling, predisposing human populations to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and other metabolic and neurological disorders, including post-traumatic disorders (PTSD). Thus, efficient recovery from stress optimizes survival. However, stress recovery in humans is difficult to study, but is much easier to dissect in model organisms. The worm genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans can switch between stressed and non-stressed states, and this switch is largely regulated by insulin signaling. Previously, the Alcedo lab proposed that insulin-like peptides (ILPs), which exist as multiple members of a protein family in both C. elegans and humans, implements a combinatorial coding strategy …

From Talking Softly To Carrying A Big Shtick: Jewish Masculinity In Twentieth-Century America, Miriam Eve Mora

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation follows the progress of American Jewish men in the difficult and often backsliding process of acculturation into American life. Jewish men have historically been held to a different standard of masculinity, one which both Jews and non-Jews throughout American history have ascribed in both positive and negative ways, often depicting Jewish men as bookish, gentle, weak, and even effeminate. Those Jews who strove to attain American manhood engaged in masculine American endeavors to the extent of their access and ingenuity. Their struggle to enter institutions of American masculinity reveals a great deal about Jewish acceptance in the United …

The Balance Between Prostaglandin E2 Ep3 And Ep4 Receptors Determines Severity Of Cardiac Damage In Myocardial Infarction And An Angiotensin Ii-Induced Model Of Hypertension, Timothy Dean Bryson

Wayne State University Dissertations

According to the center for disease control about 610,000 people die every year in the United States from heart disease, of which, coronary heart disease is the most common form. One major risk factor for heart attack is hypertension, which affects nearly half of all Americans [472, 473]. PGE2 plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular function and mediating inflammation, both of which contribute to the development of hypertension and/or heart disease. Prostaglandin E2 can act as a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor depending on which of its receptor subtypes are activated.

In general, activation of the EP1 and EP3 receptors is …

Novel Insights Into The Use Of Ercc1 As A Biomarker For Response To Platinum-Based Chemotherapy In Lung Cancer, Joshua Ryan Heyza

Wayne State University Dissertations

ERCC1/XPF is a DNA endonuclease with variable expression in primary tumor specimens, and has been investigated as a predictive biomarker for efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancers where up to 30-60% of tumors harbor low to undetectable ERCC1 expression. The failure of an international, randomized Phase III clinical trial utilizing ERCC1 expression to predict response to platinum-based chemotherapy suggests additional mechanisms underlying the basic biology of ERCC1 in the response to platinum-DNA damage remain unknown. In this work, we aimed to characterize a panel of ERCC1 knockout cell lines generated via CRISPR-Cas9 where we identified a synthetic …

The Influence Of Household Chaos And The Home Language Environment On Preschool-Age Children’S School Readiness, Laura Mary Northerner

Wayne State University Dissertations

School readiness, including both cognitive and social-emotional development, is an important indicator of a child’s preparedness for school entry, and a meaningful predictor of future academic success (Duncan et al., 2007). The home environment plays a critical role in the development of children’s school readiness, especially for children facing social inequalities. Within the home environment, household chaos and home language have been found to impact school readiness. The current study expanded on previous research on household chaos by collecting multiple measures of household chaos, including a naturalistic observation across several days. The current study also naturalistically investigated the home language …

Capso: A Multi-Objective Cultural Algorithm System To Predict Locations Of Ancient Sites, Samuel Dustin Stanley

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

CAPSO: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE CULTURAL ALGORITHM SYSTEM TO PREDICT LOCATIONS OF ANCIENT SITES

by

SAMUEL DUSTIN STANLEY

August 2019

Advisor: Dr. Robert Reynolds

Major: Computer Science

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The recent archaeological discovery by Dr. John O’Shea at University of Michigan of prehistoric caribou remains and Paleo-Indian structures underneath the Great Lakes has opened up an opportunity for Computer Scientists to develop dynamic systems modelling these ancient caribou routes and hunter-gatherer settlement systems as well as the prehistoric environments that they existed in. The Wayne State University Cultural Algorithm team has been interested assisting Dr. O’Shea’s archaeological team by …

Machine Learning Methods For The Analysis Of Clinical Conversation, Md Mehedi Hasan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based communication technique to increase intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy for behavior change. This goal is achieved through the exploration of the patient's own desires, ability, reasons, need for and commitment to the targeted behavior change. However, communication science approaches to understanding the efficacy of MI are inherently limited by traditional qualitative coding methods which is a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Thus, an efficient method is required to automate the coding process which will accelerate the pace of communication research in behavioral science. The specific provider behaviors responsible for the elicitation of change talk, are also …

Molecular Mechanisms In Cftr-F508del Degradation And The Functional Defect Of Cftr Absence In Rabbits, Carthic Rajagopalan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common, lethal autosomal recessive disorder, and is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), an anion channel that is found in most epithelial cells lining the airway and gut. The most common mutation of CFTR is deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (CFTR-F508del), which produces a misfolded protein. Through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), this misfolded protein is ubiquitinated and signaled for degradation via the cytosolic proteasome. Previous studies demonstrating experimental restoration of F508DEL-CFTR trafficking to the plasma membrane showed partial function of the chloride channel, raising therapeutic speculations. …

The ‘Hypertextual’ Self: A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Social Media Use For Identity Work Among Muslims In North America, Annisa Meirita Patimurani Rochadiat

Wayne State University Dissertations

Digital connectivity and social media use have become increasingly commonplace as internet-mediated communication and mobile phone technology dominate our daily communication repertoire. Informed by a multidisciplinary theoretical framework of the cybernetic Big Five theory (CB5T; DeYoung, 2015), Communication Theory of Identity (Hecht, 1993), an affordances framework (DeVito, Birnholtz, & Hancock, 2017), and respectability politics (Higginbotham, 1993), this two-phase sequential explanatory mixed methods (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011) dissertation explores some of the implications of social media use for North America’s (the United States and Canada) Muslims, and how Muslim social media users engage with and communicate through internet-mediated technologies to …

“I’Ve Always Had A Voice, Now I Want To Use It”: The Working Women’S Movement And Clerical Unionism In Higher Education, Amanda Lauren Walter

Wayne State University Dissertations

“I’ve Always Had a Voice, Now I Want to Use It”: The Working Women’s Movement and Clerical Unionism in Higher Education, examines the intersection of the labor movement and the women’s movement through the working lives and organizing of clerical workers in higher education in the United States beginning in the 1970s. Through an examination of UAW, SEIU, AFSCME, District 65, and AFT clerical organizing campaigns in higher education, I contend that women found their lack of collective bargaining power in the higher education workplace limited their effectiveness. Working women’s organizations and clericals in higher education, dealing with university budgetary …

Optical Nanostructures For Controllable And Tunable Optical Properties, Ashfaqul Anwar Anwar Siraji

Wayne State University Dissertations

Optical nanostructures are heterogeneous media containing subwavelength inclusions in periodic or aperiodic fashion. The optical properties of optical nanostructure can be controlled and tuned using their constituent material properties and spatial arrangement of the inclusions. While optical nanostructures have been widely studied, controllable and tunable nanostructures using low loss transparent materials has not been studied in detail in the literature. The objective of this research is to perform efficient design and analyses of controllable and tunable optical nanostructures using low loss transparent materials.

To that end, versatile and highly accurate numerical methods like finite different tie domain and plane wave …

Integrating Heuristics To Support Impact Analysis In Software Evolution, Yibin Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Iterative impact analysis (IIA) is a process that allows developers to estimate the impacted units of a software change. Starting from a single impacted unit, the developers inspect its interacting units via program dependencies to identify the ones that are also impacted, and this process continues iteratively. Experience has shown that developers often miss impacted units and inspect many irrelevant units.

In order to enhance IIA, first we put forward a new program representation that provides more precise dependencies for software change propagation. Our study showed that the precision of IIA was indeed improved using such a program representation while …

International Students' Identities And Thier Educational And Learning Trajectories, Suha Hamdan

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study explores international students’ identities and identity formation within social, educational, and imagined futures, and their study abroad journeys. I look into past, present and future contexts of international students. Qualitative analytic autoethnography and semi-structured interviews are the methodologies utilized. I explore my own experiences around identity and education as an international graduate student, as well as other participants’ experiences. Date were collected from six participants from six countries: China, India, Iran, Indonesia, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was utilized. The findings revealed that these international students go through an identity journey, where they reflect on their past …

Molecular Machinery For The ‘Kiss And Run’ Mechanism Of Insulin Secretion, Akshata Ramesh Naik

Wayne State University Dissertations

The insulin secreting porosome is a supramolecular lipo-protein complex that

measures roughly 100 – 120 nm in diameter. Porosomes allow transient fusion of insulin

secretory granules to the cell plasma membrane and mediates partial release of secretory

contents. Post secretion, the secretory granule reseals and re-enters to the cell interior.

This is in contrast to the ‘total fusion’ phenomenon, where secretory vesicles completely

fuse at the cell plasma membrane and release all of the contents to the cell exterior. This

study involved a deeper understanding of the transient or ‘kiss-and-run’ mechanism of

cell secretion that involves the insulin secreting porosome …

Distributed Optimal Power And Voltage Management In Dc Microgrids, Eyad A. Sindi

Wayne State University Dissertations

The work developed new control strategies to address fundamental issues of power balance, line loss reduction, and voltage profile management in DC microgrids. In microgrids of distributed renewable generations and controllable loads, load allocation to different distributed generators, line losses, voltage stability and quality are intimately coupled, departing significantly from traditional power grids in which economic dispatch and voltage stability are typically separate control tasks.

In this work, a multi-objective optimization strategy is introduced to address the challenges imposed by these coupled issues. Global optimal solutions are derived. Recursive optimization algorithms for distributed control strategies are introduced and shown to …

Perturbation Of Energy Metabolism At The Center Of The Mechanism Of Action Of Valproate, Michael Ghassan Salsaa

Wayne State University Dissertations

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder. Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the major drugs used to treat BD patients. However, it is not universally effective and, in addition, causes severe side effects. Its mechanism of action is not known, which complicates efforts to develop more effective drugs. Studies have established that VPA perturbs metabolism, which is implicated in both the therapeutic mechanism of action of the drug as well as drug toxicity. However, the mechanism whereby VPA causes these perturbations is not understood. To address this knowledge gap, I investigated the acute and chronic effects …

Nonadiabatic Dynamics: A Semiclassical Approach, Ruixi Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Nonadiabatic dynamics has been an essential part of quantum chemistry since the 1930’s. Nonadiabatic effects play a crucial role in photo-physical and photo-chemical reactions for both small and large molecules in both gas and condensed phases. Modeling dynamics of photoinduced reactions has been a new frontier of chemistry. Many dynamical phenomena, such as intersystem crossing, non-radiative relaxation, and charge energy transfer, require a nonadiabatic description which incorporates transitions between electronic states.

In Chapter 2, the property of scattering region in the semiclassical limit is investigated. We suggest that a nuclear wavepacket close enough to the conical intersection will propagate ballistically …

Development Of A Novel Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Tomography System For Breast Cancer Imaging Using Full-Ring Illumination Mode, Suhail Salem Alshahrani

Wayne State University Dissertations

Breast cancer is a significant health problem, not only in the United States but globally. In the last year, breast cancer was the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. In addition, the incidence rates of invasive and in situ female breast cancer increased in all age classes between 1975 and 2014. Early detection is a critical component in effectively managing this disease. One of the challenges of early detection of breast cancer lies in the availability and accuracy of diagnostic imaging. Several modalities for early detection are currently available and in use. One of the most …