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Articles 1 - 30 of 133
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Renewal Of Retroactive Interference In Pavlovian Conditioning: The Effect Of Outcome Valence On Expectancy Learning And Evaluative Conditioning, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Audrey Huff, Ralph R. Miller
Renewal Of Retroactive Interference In Pavlovian Conditioning: The Effect Of Outcome Valence On Expectancy Learning And Evaluative Conditioning, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Audrey Huff, Ralph R. Miller
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This site includes the README for Neutral CC Appendix study, the Neutral CC Appendix data, the README for Neutral CC studies, and the Neutral CC data.
Renewal In The Cognitive And Emotional Domains: Comparing Novelty-Facilitated Extinction With Counterconditioning And Extinction, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M. Mccrea, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Ralph Miller
Renewal In The Cognitive And Emotional Domains: Comparing Novelty-Facilitated Extinction With Counterconditioning And Extinction, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M. Mccrea, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Ralph Miller
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The main file is the ReadMe file, with a dataset and python files added in the additional file section.
Time-Travel And Theology: Morality, Society, And The Life Of Lucas Bishop, Justin Martin
Time-Travel And Theology: Morality, Society, And The Life Of Lucas Bishop, Justin Martin
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The paper focuses on a rarely analyzed superhero within the X-Men universe: the time-traveling mutant and law enforcement officer Lucas Bishop. Through highlighting core narrative themes consistent throughout his various depictions in comics and animation through the lens of a constructivist approach to sociomoral development (Social Cognitive Domain Theory; SCDT), the author contends that the character’s complexity and multifaceted nature potentially has implications for understanding superheroes like Bishop as subjects worthy of scholarly and pedagogical inquiry. The narrative themes examined in support of this argument pertain to (1) how different dystopian social orders or arrangements potentially inform his morally relevant …
An Exploratory Study Of Anti-Black Racism In Social Media Behavior Intentions: Effects Of Political Orientation And Motivation To Control Prejudice, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samantha A. Wilcox, Justine K. Brace, Melissa Anderson
An Exploratory Study Of Anti-Black Racism In Social Media Behavior Intentions: Effects Of Political Orientation And Motivation To Control Prejudice, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samantha A. Wilcox, Justine K. Brace, Melissa Anderson
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Considering the widespread prevalence of racist content and opinions on social media, there is a pressing need to understand how users react to such content in ways that might lead them to be drawn into echo chambers of racism, hate speech, and potentially even violence. We conducted an online study to investigate how two individual differences—political orientation and motivation to control prejudice (MCP)—may predispose people to accept anti-Black racism expressed in social media messages. Non-Black participants viewed racist and egalitarian mock social media posts and reported how likely they would be to respond favorably and/or engage in supportive social media …
Effects Of Dehumanization And Disgust-Eliciting Language On Attitudes Toward Immigration: A Sentiment Analysis Of Twitter Data, Katherine S. Wahrer, Cynthia J. Najdowski, John V. Passarelli
Effects Of Dehumanization And Disgust-Eliciting Language On Attitudes Toward Immigration: A Sentiment Analysis Of Twitter Data, Katherine S. Wahrer, Cynthia J. Najdowski, John V. Passarelli
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Attitudes towards immigration have been shown to be driven by dehumanization and disgust. The more people dehumanize immigrants and the more disgusted they feel, the more negative attitudes they tend to have toward immigrants. However, little is known about how exposure to social media content that links dehumanization, disgust, and immigration influences users’ attitudes on this issue. This is important to consider because the majority of adults in the United States are on social media. We used Twitter data, machine learning, and sentiment analysis to investigate whether exposure to dehumanizing or disgust-eliciting tweets about immigration impacts users’ own sentiment toward …
Implicit Bias Training For Police: Impacts On Enforcement Disparities, Robert E. Worden, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah Mclean, Kenan Worden, Nicholas Corsaro, Hannah Cochran, Robin S. Engel
Implicit Bias Training For Police: Impacts On Enforcement Disparities, Robert E. Worden, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah Mclean, Kenan Worden, Nicholas Corsaro, Hannah Cochran, Robin S. Engel
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Objective: To estimate the behavioral impacts of training police officers in implicit bias awareness and management. Hypotheses: Training police in implicit bias reduces racial and ethnic disparities in stops, arrests, summonses, frisks, searches, and/or use of force. Method: A cluster randomized controlled trial using the stepped wedge design was applied to 14,471 officers in the New York City Police Department, with a one-day training delivered to clusters of police commands between May 2018 and April 2019, and outcomes measured with police records of individual events from April 2018 through May 2019. Police records were supplemented with survey data on 1,973 …
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle As A Central Regulator Of The Rate Of Aging: Implications For Metabolic Interventions, Jonathan M. Borkum
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle As A Central Regulator Of The Rate Of Aging: Implications For Metabolic Interventions, Jonathan M. Borkum
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Certain metabolic interventions such as caloric restriction, fasting, exercise, and a ketogenic diet extend lifespan and/or health span. However, their benefits are limited and their connections to the underlying mechanisms of aging are not fully clear. Here, these connections are explored in terms of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) to suggest reasons for the loss of effectiveness and ways of overcoming it. Specifically, the metabolic interventions deplete acetate and likely reduce the conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate, thereby inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and upregulating autophagy. Synthesis of glutathione may provide a high-capacity …
Relations Between Peer Influence, Perceived Cost Versus Benefits, And Sexual Offending Among Adolescents Aware Of Sex Offender Registration Risk, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Hayley M. D. Cleary, Paige M. Oja
Relations Between Peer Influence, Perceived Cost Versus Benefits, And Sexual Offending Among Adolescents Aware Of Sex Offender Registration Risk, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Hayley M. D. Cleary, Paige M. Oja
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
A policy's general deterrent effect requires would-be offenders to be aware of the policy, yet many adolescents do not know they could be registered as sex offenders, and even adolescents who do know may still commit registerable sexual offenses. We tested whether peer influences shape the perceived costs/benefits of certain sexual offenses and, subsequently, registration policy's general deterrent potential in a sample of policy-aware adolescents. The more adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting of nude images, the more likely they were to have sexted. For forcible touching, having more positive peer expectations about sex and perceiving forcible touching as …
Harlem's Superhero: Social Interaction, Heterogeneity Of Thought, And The Superhero Mission In Marvel's Luke Cage, Justin Martin
Harlem's Superhero: Social Interaction, Heterogeneity Of Thought, And The Superhero Mission In Marvel's Luke Cage, Justin Martin
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The essay extends previous Luke Cage scholarship by analyzing him through a discipline rarely utilized in superhero scholarship: developmental psychology. Using the Luke Cage television series, the author centers Luke Cage's relationship to Harlem. In doing so, the author explores how the relationship can elucidate both the conceptual foundations of morally-relevant decision-making and the ways these concepts may be applied in varied and complex social interactions -- features of social life relevant to everyday persons as well as superheroes working within a fictionalized neighborhood.
Superhero Media As A Potential Context For Investigating Children's Understanding Of Morally Relevant Events, Justin Martin
Superhero Media As A Potential Context For Investigating Children's Understanding Of Morally Relevant Events, Justin Martin
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Currently, superhero films are one of the more popular film genres, and the genre does not appear to be slowing down anytime soon. In addition, the lives and exploits of superheroes are told through other forms of media such as animated films and television series targeted towards children. However, these narratives are also violent. If older children (i.e., approximately 7-11) engage with superhero media, then it is important to understand the ways they attempt to make sense of this genre. To this end, the essay examines how superhero media may serve as a potential context for older children's understanding of …
How The “Black Criminal” Stereotype Shapes Black People’S Psychological Experience Of Policing: Evidence Of Stereotype Threat And Remaining Questions, Cynthia J. Najdowski
How The “Black Criminal” Stereotype Shapes Black People’S Psychological Experience Of Policing: Evidence Of Stereotype Threat And Remaining Questions, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Cultural stereotypes that link Black race to crime in the U.S. originated in and are perpetuated by policies that result in the disproportionate criminalization and punishment of Black people. The scientific record is replete with evidence that these stereotypes impact perceivers’ perceptions, information processing, and decision-making in ways that produce more negative criminal legal outcomes for Black people than White people. However, relatively scant attention has been paid to understanding how situations that present a risk of being evaluated through the lens of crime-related stereotypes also directly affect Black people. In this article, I consider one situation in particular: encounters …
The Cooperation Databank: Machine-Readable Science Accelerates Research Synthesis, Giuliana Spadaro, Ilaria Tiddi, Simon Columbus, Shuxian Jin, Adam W. Stivers
The Cooperation Databank: Machine-Readable Science Accelerates Research Synthesis, Giuliana Spadaro, Ilaria Tiddi, Simon Columbus, Shuxian Jin, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Publishing studies using standardized, machine-readable formats will enable machines to perform meta-analyses on demand. To build a semantically enhanced technology that embodies these functions, we developed the Cooperation Databank (CoDa)—a databank that contains 2,636 studies on human cooperation (1958–2017) conducted in 78 societies involving 356,283 participants. Experts annotated these studies along 312 variables, including the quantitative results (13,959 effects). We designed an ontology that defines and relates concepts in cooperation research and that can represent the relationships between results of correlational and experimental studies. We have created a research platform that, given the data set, enables users to retrieve studies …
Reply To Nielsen Et Al.: Social Mindfulness Is Associated With Countries’ Environmental Performance And Individual Environmental Concern, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Reply To Nielsen Et Al.: Social Mindfulness Is Associated With Countries’ Environmental Performance And Individual Environmental Concern, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Renewal In The Cognitive And Emotional Domains: Comparing Novelty-Facilitated Extinction With Counterconditioning And Extinction, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M. Mccrea, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Ralph Miller
Renewal In The Cognitive And Emotional Domains: Comparing Novelty-Facilitated Extinction With Counterconditioning And Extinction, Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E. Witnauer, Yaroslav Moshchenko, Cameron M. Mccrea, Kristina A. Stenstrom, Ralph Miller
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The primary file is a ReadMe file and additional file is the dataset.
Reply To Komatsu Et Al.: From Local Social Mindfulness To Global Sustainability Efforts?, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Reply To Komatsu Et Al.: From Local Social Mindfulness To Global Sustainability Efforts?, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Washington County Asset Map And Needs Assessment : Building A Network To Serve Youths At Risk For Serious Mental Illness, Jeffrey E. Hecker, Lois-Ann Kuntz, Carol Lane
Washington County Asset Map And Needs Assessment : Building A Network To Serve Youths At Risk For Serious Mental Illness, Jeffrey E. Hecker, Lois-Ann Kuntz, Carol Lane
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This study is the first in a series of planned investigations into pathways to care for adolescents and young adults with serious mental illness in Washington County. Resources were identified that may support a network for identifying and accessing services. Over 120 agencies were categorized into one of seven types: education, mental health, health, substance use / recovery, community / library, and law enforcement. Web-based information was collected for 85 of these agencies and representatives of 47 of these agencies were interviewed about challenges, collaborations, and ideas for solutions. We found a great deal of collaboration among agencies within different …
Jozefowiez & Miller, C Over T Raw Data, Ralph Miller, Jérémie Jozefowiez
Jozefowiez & Miller, C Over T Raw Data, Ralph Miller, Jérémie Jozefowiez
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The data set is the main file for download and the ReadMe file is attached below as an additional file.
Perceptions Of Emotional Functionality: Similarities And Differences Among Dignity, Face, And Honor Cultures, Angela T. Maitner, Jamie Decoster, Per A. Andersson, Kimmo Eriksson, Adam W. Stivers
Perceptions Of Emotional Functionality: Similarities And Differences Among Dignity, Face, And Honor Cultures, Angela T. Maitner, Jamie Decoster, Per A. Andersson, Kimmo Eriksson, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Emotions are linked to wide sets of action tendencies, and it can be difficult to predict which specific action tendency will be motivated or indulged in response to individual experiences of emotion. Building on a functional perspective of emotion, we investigate whether anger and shame connect to different behavioral intentions in dignity, face, and honor cultures. Using simple animations that showed perpetrators taking resources from victims, we conducted two studies across eleven countries investigating the extent to which participants expected victims to feel anger and shame, how they thought victims should respond to such violations, and how expectations of emotions …
Exploring The Stability Of Hexaco-60 Structure And The Association Of Gender, Age, And Social Position With Personality Traits Across 18 Countries, Luis F. Garcia, Anton Aluja, Jérôme Rossier, Fritz Ostendorf, Adam W. Stivers
Exploring The Stability Of Hexaco-60 Structure And The Association Of Gender, Age, And Social Position With Personality Traits Across 18 Countries, Luis F. Garcia, Anton Aluja, Jérôme Rossier, Fritz Ostendorf, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The present paper tests the cross-national stability of the HEXACO-60 structure across 18 countries from four continents. Gender and age differences across countries will be examined. Finally, this is the first study to explicitly analyze the relationships between the HEXACO and social position.
Towards A Psychological Science Of Abolition Democracy: Insights For Improving Theory And Research On Race And Public Safety, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Phillip Atiba Goff
Towards A Psychological Science Of Abolition Democracy: Insights For Improving Theory And Research On Race And Public Safety, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Phillip Atiba Goff
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
We call for psychologists to expand their thinking on fair and just public safety by engaging with the “Abolition Democracy” framework that Du Bois (1935) articulated as the need to dissolve slavery while simultaneously taking affirmative steps to rid its toxic consequences from the body politic. Because the legacies of slavery continue to produce disparities in public safety in the U.S, both harming Black people and the institutions that could keep them safe, psychologists must take seriously questions of history and structure in addition to immediate situations. In the present article, we consider the state of knowledge regarding psychological processes …
A Call To Dismantle Systemic Racism In Criminal Legal Systems, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Margaret C. Stevenson
A Call To Dismantle Systemic Racism In Criminal Legal Systems, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Margaret C. Stevenson
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Objectives: In October 2021, APA passed a resolution addressing ways psychologists could work to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. The present report, developed to inform APA’s policy resolution, details the scope of the problem and offers recommendations for policy and psychologists to address the issue by advancing related science and practice. Specifically, it acknowledges the roots of modern-day racial and ethnic disparities in rates of criminalization and punishment for people of color as compared to White people. Next, the report reviews existing theory and research that helps explain the underlying psychological mechanisms driving racial and ethnic disparities …
Emotion Regulation Deficits And Depression-Related Maladaptive Interpersonal Behaviours, Eliot Fearey, Jesse Evans, Rebecca A. Schwartz-Mette
Emotion Regulation Deficits And Depression-Related Maladaptive Interpersonal Behaviours, Eliot Fearey, Jesse Evans, Rebecca A. Schwartz-Mette
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Coyne’s interpersonal theory of depression posits that those with depressive symptoms engage in maladaptive interpersonal behaviours that, although intended to assuage distress, push away social supports and increase depressive symptoms (Coyne, 1976). Excessive reassurance seeking, negative feedback seeking, and conversational self-focus are three behaviours implicated in Coyne’s theory, yet their correlates- apart from depressive symptoms- are poorly understood. The current study considered the potential role of intrapersonal emotion regulation deficits as an additional vulnerability factor for these behaviours. Mediation models further tested whether linkages between emotion regulation deficits and maladaptive interpersonal behaviours helped to explain short-term increases in depressive symptoms, …
Social Mindfulness And Prosociality Vary Across The Globe, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Social Mindfulness And Prosociality Vary Across The Globe, Niels Van Doesum, Ryan Murphy, Marcello Gallucci, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, …
First Amendment Knowledge And Competence In United States Residents, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Kimberly M. Bernstein
First Amendment Knowledge And Competence In United States Residents, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Kimberly M. Bernstein
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Lacking adequate knowledge about one's rights could inhibit the likelihood of exercising one's rights or lead one to unwittingly violate laws that place legitimate limits on these rights. Thus, the present research examines First Amendment knowledge as well as competence to apply this knowledge in relevant circumstances. Results revealed that one-quarter of participants failed a test of objective knowledge on First Amendment rights. Furthermore, participants' belief in their ability varied depending on their level of knowledge, in line with the Dunning–Kruger effect. Participants also failed to transfer their limited objective knowledge to “real-world” situations, exhibiting impaired First Amendment competence. These …
Provider Perspectives On Determining Smi Treatment Effectiveness, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Susan Hawthorne, Amy Gunty, Alyssa Maples
Provider Perspectives On Determining Smi Treatment Effectiveness, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Susan Hawthorne, Amy Gunty, Alyssa Maples
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Researchers interviewed 26 mental health professionals about their experiences determining treatment effectiveness working with adults diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI). Providers articulated three predominant themes: the essential nature of the provider-client relationship, provider’s navigation of ambiguity, and the importance of provider flexibility and adaptability.
The Many Ways Of Wakanda: Viewpoint Diversity In Black Panther And Its Implications For Civics Education, Justin Martin
The Many Ways Of Wakanda: Viewpoint Diversity In Black Panther And Its Implications For Civics Education, Justin Martin
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Like many of its superhero film predecessors, Black Panther (2018) achieved widespread popularity both domestically and internationally. Although the film examines the focal character T’Challa’s (Black Panther) attempt to balance his dual responsibilities as king and protector of Wakanda, the viewpoint diversity displayed by its citizens suggests that the film’s central character is Wakandan society. Drawing on events and themes from the film, the essay argues that social domain theory (SDT)—a theory that attempts to explain the development of sociomoral concepts across the lifespan—provides a useful lens to examine Wakandans’ viewpoint diversity as portrayed in the film, specifically with regards …
Levels Of Interpersonal Trust Across Different Types Of Environment: The Micro-Macro Interplay Between Relational Distance And Human Ecology, Yiming Jing, Huajian Cai, Michael Harris Bond, Yang Li, Adam W. Stivers, Qianbao Tan
Levels Of Interpersonal Trust Across Different Types Of Environment: The Micro-Macro Interplay Between Relational Distance And Human Ecology, Yiming Jing, Huajian Cai, Michael Harris Bond, Yang Li, Adam W. Stivers, Qianbao Tan
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Social and behavioral scientists have long investigated the relationship between interpersonal trust and features of the environment. However, it remains unclear how the microenvironment of relational distance (i.e., social proximity between 2 persons) interacts with the macroenvironment of human ecology (i.e., social and natural environments) to predict people’s levels of trusting other persons. In this research, we tackled this puzzle using diverse methodologies (e.g., meta-analysis, experiment, and multilevel analysis) and large, cultural-group samples. Four studies found that, across many countries (e.g., 77 countries in Study 3) and regions within a country (e.g., 28 Chinese provinces in Study 4), members of …
The Role Of Service-Learning Experiences In Promoting Flourishing Among College-Student Youth Mentors, Alyssa Maples, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Jacqueline Braughton, Kimberly Henry, Shelley Haddock, Lindsey Weiler
The Role Of Service-Learning Experiences In Promoting Flourishing Among College-Student Youth Mentors, Alyssa Maples, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Jacqueline Braughton, Kimberly Henry, Shelley Haddock, Lindsey Weiler
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Service-learning experiences may uniquely promote flourishing (i.e. having meaning in life, social connections, and a positive outlook) for college students. To examine whether specific relational experiences within service-learning were associated with flourishing, we used data from a program where university students (N= 274; 21.2% first-generation) served as mentors to youth (ages 10–18) with prior exposure to adversity. We examined three experiences: opportunities to belong, supportive relationships, and the quality of the mentoring relationship. After controlling for baseline flourishing and age, results showed positive relationships between mentoring relationship quality and supportive relationships and post-intervention flourishing. Opportunities to belong was not associated …
The Emergence Of Racialized Labor And Racial Battle Fatigue In The African American Student Network (Afam), Tabitha Grier-Reed, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Alyssa Maples, Demitri Mcgee
The Emergence Of Racialized Labor And Racial Battle Fatigue In The African American Student Network (Afam), Tabitha Grier-Reed, Anne Williams-Wengerd, Alyssa Maples, Demitri Mcgee
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Although little may be new with respect to the lived experience of racialized labor for People of Color navigating whiteness and white spaces, this study is the first to identify racialized labor in everyday life. Adapting consensual qualitative research methods to a phenomenological frame, we examined 277 notes summarizing weekly discussions in the African American Student Network (AFAM) over a 13-year time period. Co-facilitated by Black faculty and graduate students, AFAM was a space for Black undergraduates to make meaning of their experiences and find community on campus. We defined racialized labor as the ongoing process of navigating hostile environments …
Caregivers’ Expectations, Reflected Appraisals, And Arrests Among Adolescents Who Experienced Parental Incarceration, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Melissa Noel
Caregivers’ Expectations, Reflected Appraisals, And Arrests Among Adolescents Who Experienced Parental Incarceration, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Melissa Noel
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This research sought to identify a potential process by which intergenerational crime occurs, focusing on the effect of parental incarceration on adolescents’ subsequent arrests. We drew from Matsueda’s work on reflected appraisals as an explanatory mechanism for this effect. Thus, the present research examined whether caregivers’ and adolescents’ expectations for adolescents’ future incarceration sequentially mediated the effect of parental incarceration on adolescents’ actual arrest outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to examine this effect in a sample of 1,735 15- to 16-year-olds using NLSY97 data. Parental incarceration was positively related to caregivers’ expectations of adolescents’ future arrest. Moreover, caregivers’ expectations …