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Evaluating The Health Impacts Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake At The Individual Level And Food Pantry Level Among Food Pantry Users, Jiacheng Chen
Evaluating The Health Impacts Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake At The Individual Level And Food Pantry Level Among Food Pantry Users, Jiacheng Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Chronic diseases impose heavy burdens on individuals and the healthcare system in the US. Many factors were found to be associated with chronic diseases, including demographics, family history, social environmental factors, and individual behavioral factors such as diet and physical activity. Among those factors, fruit and vegetable intake can have substantial health impacts via a variety of causal pathways. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is generally lower among individuals living in households experiencing food insecurity and rely on food assistance programs. Decreased F&V intake among food pantry users may negatively impact health. However, conducting quantitative analysis on this population …
Executive Functioning In Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes : Associations With Hba1c, Glycemic Variability, And Household Income, Victoria Louise Ledsham
Executive Functioning In Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes : Associations With Hba1c, Glycemic Variability, And Household Income, Victoria Louise Ledsham
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been repeatedly linked to executive functioning (EF) deficits in children and adolescents but the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Chronic hyperglycemia — frequently measured as glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels — and increased glycemic variability have both been proposed as risk factors for EF difficulties in this population, but it is unclear whether they each uniquely reflect T1DM-related risk for EF deficits. Furthermore, few studies have considered interactions between glycemic factors and family-level risk factors in shaping children’s EF development. Particularly, household income may exacerbate risk associations between HbA1c or glycemic variability …
A Patchwork Community : Exploring Belonging, Gender Roles, And God's Gifts Among Progressive American Mennonites, Christa D. Mylin
A Patchwork Community : Exploring Belonging, Gender Roles, And God's Gifts Among Progressive American Mennonites, Christa D. Mylin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation demonstrates that progressive Mennonites in southern Pennsylvania struggle to find belonging within their congregations due to the fluid nature of Mennonite affiliations. Mennonites critically examined their institutions and relations with each other, and this critique often led to schism. This research addresses how a recent schism among progressive Mennonites led some people to experience nonbelonging and highlighted other conflicting values that people had within their conference. An overview of Mennonite history demonstrated that Mennonites have often formed separate fellowships when disagreements could not be resolved. However, this history also demonstrated that Mennonites have been adept at interpreting their …
Understanding Sense Of Belonging Of Students Of Color Attending A Liberal Arts College, Jessica Wenger
Understanding Sense Of Belonging Of Students Of Color Attending A Liberal Arts College, Jessica Wenger
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
College access programs have been created to provide students of color opportunities to attend college. The Posse Foundation selects promising urban high school students to attend highly selective colleges and universities across the country. College success is dependent on a variety of factors, two of which are successful social and academic integration into the campus community (Tinto, 1993). Related to integration, sense of belonging is the feeling that an individual belongs in their environment (McMillan & Chavis, 1986).
Three Essays In Health Economics, Mir Nahid Mahmud
Three Essays In Health Economics, Mir Nahid Mahmud
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation comprises three empirical essays. The first essay estimates the long-term health and socioeconomic impact of early life nutritional deficit using the Bangladesh Famine from 1974-1975 as a natural experiment. The second essay investigates if pubic health insurance coverage of “ immigrant children¬” changed as a result of the lift of the “five-year-ban” in the Children Health Insurance Reauthorization Act-2009. The final chapter estimates the relationship between child health conditions and maternal employment using conventional econometric models. To expand the analysis and contribute to the literature, I estimate the relationship by implementing a Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes Model (MIMIC).
Three Essays In Health Economics, Savita Ramaprasad
Three Essays In Health Economics, Savita Ramaprasad
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation includes three essays in applied econometrics. Each essay involves using econometric and statistical techniques to draw inferences from observational data on the effect of policies and quasi-experiments on various outcomes of social importance.
Gender, Entitlement, And Obligation : Role Of Agency And Communion As Mediators, Arya Adhikari
Gender, Entitlement, And Obligation : Role Of Agency And Communion As Mediators, Arya Adhikari
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The aims of this study were to investigate whether there persists a gender difference between men and women regarding agency and communion, and whether agency and communion mediate the relationships between gender and two dependent variables of interest: entitlement and obligation. One hundred seventy-seven undergraduate students rated themselves on the following measures: Agency and Communion Scale (Roch, Ciancetta, and Mishra, 2019), Psychological Entitlement Scale (Campbell et al., 2004) and Felt Obligation Measure (Eisenberger et al., 2001), assessed on both the supervisor and organization level. Results suggested that women scored significantly higher than men in communion. Gender differences were not significant …
The Media Discourses On Organ Donation And Transplantation In Spain (1954-2020) And Their Implications For Spanish Nationalism, Rebeca Herrero Sáenz
The Media Discourses On Organ Donation And Transplantation In Spain (1954-2020) And Their Implications For Spanish Nationalism, Rebeca Herrero Sáenz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Spain has been the global leader in organ donation and transplantation since 1992, an achievement that has become a source of national pride, in a country where national symbols are heavily contested. In this dissertation I examine the changing meanings that organ donation and transplantation have acquired in contemporary Spain, focusing specifically on their implications for different aspects of Spanish nationalism. To do so, I employ a modified version computational grounded theory, a mixed-methods approach that combines topic modeling with interpretive analysis, to identify and interpret the narratives around organ donation and transplantation circulated by the Spanish press between 1954 …
Essays On Education And Health Disparities, Min Jang
Essays On Education And Health Disparities, Min Jang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis studies determinants of health and socioeconomic disparities in the US. Specifically, it focuses on the following factors: (1) public health insurance, (2) medical care, and (3) adolescent health. The first and second essays test whether access to public health insurance may be an effective tool in remedying disparities in medical access and health outcomes. The third essay examines the gap in educational attainment between students with disabilities and those without, and the evolution of the gap over time.The first essay examines the effect of Medicare Part D, a voluntary prescription drug program, on education-related disparities in mortality. It …
Treating Anonymous Patients : The Effectiveness, Costs, And Strategies Of Promoting The Use Of Expedited Partner Therapy, Andre Kiesel
Treating Anonymous Patients : The Effectiveness, Costs, And Strategies Of Promoting The Use Of Expedited Partner Therapy, Andre Kiesel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite decades of concerted efforts to prevent their spread, chlamydia andgonorrhea remain two of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States (U.S.) — exacting a high toll in terms of human health and healthcare expenditure. Though easily cured with antibiotics, both infections may lead to damaging secondary health conditions – known as sequelae – if untreated, including infertility among females. However, treating diagnosed individuals (known as “index patients”) is not enough—it is critical to also care for their recent sex partners as well, lest they reinfect the treated patient. Partner referral is the traditional approach to partner …
Describing Participation In Veteran Peer Support : A Secondary Analysis Of Women Veterans' Experiences, Amanda L. Matteson
Describing Participation In Veteran Peer Support : A Secondary Analysis Of Women Veterans' Experiences, Amanda L. Matteson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research explores peer support described by women who have served in the United States Armed Forces. Women military veterans are a growing subpopulation with unique experiences and challenges as women who have served in a male-dominated warrior culture. Understanding women veterans’ experiences and how they view peer support will help improve their mental health and well-being. Research questions included: (1) How do women veterans describe peer support for their mental health and well-being? (2) What does peer support mean to the woman veterans in this study? (3) For what life situations is peer support helpful for women veterans? (4) …
Parenting Profiles In Families Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Cluster Analytic Approach, Anna Milgramm
Parenting Profiles In Families Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Cluster Analytic Approach, Anna Milgramm
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Parents raising children on the autism spectrum frequently report high parenting stress and caregiver strain as well as reduced quality of life. With the exception of studies that examine the role of parents within the intervention context, relatively little is known about the combinations of strategies that parents use in their daily lives to support their children’s unique symptom presentations. Even less is known about how these combinations of strategies relate to parent well-being. The current study used a person-centered approach to explore profiles of parenting behaviors among 223 caregivers of school-aged autistic children, and the clusters were compared on …
Video Chatting And Eating Disorder Psychopathology, Taylor Rae Perry
Video Chatting And Eating Disorder Psychopathology, Taylor Rae Perry
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic video chatting has been widely used in work, education, and social gatherings. When individuals are video chatting, they can see themselves and see how their looks compare to others. Furthermore, video chatting platforms have features that may enhance an individual’s appearance. Thus, this study sought to investigate if (1) where one’s attention was focused during video chatting was uniquely associated with elevated eating disorder psychopathology and (2) if certain video chatting features were uniquely associated with elevated eating disorder psychopathology. Method: Participants were undergraduates (N=391, Mage=19.19, 58.2% female, and 48.8% White) who completed the …
Three Essays In Health Economics, Jun Soo Lee
Three Essays In Health Economics, Jun Soo Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My dissertation includes three main studies: the first study examines the seasonality of the birth weight and the underlying mechanisms for the seasonality; the second study documents the impact of weather conditions on the gestation period by using the duration analysis and on the birth weight by using the decomposition method and quantile regression; the third study analyzes the effects of density of immigrant population around place of residence on the residents’ health outcomes.In the first study, we evaluate a range of plausible mechanisms that may underlie the seasonality of the birth weight by using U.S. birth certificate records from …
U.S. Health Professionals' Perspectives On Orthorexia Nervosa : Clinical Utility, Measurement And Diagnosis, And Perceived Influence Of Sociocultural Factors, Christina Sanzari
U.S. Health Professionals' Perspectives On Orthorexia Nervosa : Clinical Utility, Measurement And Diagnosis, And Perceived Influence Of Sociocultural Factors, Christina Sanzari
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate United States (U.S.) health professionals’ perspectives on if and how Orthorexia nervosa (ON) should be classified, replicating and expanding upon a previous study in a U.S. sample. Method: Participants (n=100) were U.S. health professionals with experience working clinically with eating disorders, including trainees, Ph.D. psychologists, social workers and master’s level clinicians, and medical health professionals. After reviewing the proposed ON criteria, participants responded to questions regarding the clinical utility of ON, diagnosis and measurement of the proposed condition, and sociocultural influence on the emergence of ON. Views of ON as a useful diagnostic …
Intolerance Of Uncertainty Specific To Compulsive Exercise : Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Exercise-Specific Intolerance Of Uncertainty Scale, Christina Scharmer
Intolerance Of Uncertainty Specific To Compulsive Exercise : Development And Preliminary Validation Of The Exercise-Specific Intolerance Of Uncertainty Scale, Christina Scharmer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Compulsive exercise is poorly understood and difficult to treat. Overlap between definitions of compulsive exercise, eating disorders and OCD suggests that conceptualizations of these disorders may include shared underlying mechanisms, including intolerance of uncertainty. Although intolerance of uncertainty is traditionally conceptualized as a non-specific construct representing an individual’s dispositional distress in the face of general uncertainty, identifying specific forms of intolerance of uncertainty may further assist in understanding the specific factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of problematic behaviors, including compulsive exercise. The current study aimed to develop an assessment instrument that captures exercise-specific variations in intolerance of …
Does Coworker Support Buffer The Impact Of Work Interruptions On Well-Being?, Ruyue Sun
Does Coworker Support Buffer The Impact Of Work Interruptions On Well-Being?, Ruyue Sun
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although being interrupted by a colleague at work is often a negative experience, in this study I ask the question of whether the impact of the interruption depends on the relationship you have with that coworker. This is important because coworker support may protect employees from the negative effects of work interruptions on employee well-being. In this study, I administered a survey to investigate the role of coworker support in the relationship between general work interruption and job satisfaction. Using an experimental vignette method, 181 participants (college students) were presented with scenarios with a fictional co-worker that presented either high …
Ai-Synthesized Speech : Generation And Detection, Ehab Alsayed Albadawy Abdrabuh
Ai-Synthesized Speech : Generation And Detection, Ehab Alsayed Albadawy Abdrabuh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
From speech to images, and videos, advances in machine learning have led to dramatic improvements in the quality and realism of so-called AI-synthesized content. While there are many exciting and interesting applications, this type of content can also be used to create convincing and dangerous fakes. We seek to develop forensic techniques that can distinguish a real human voice from a synthesized voice. We observe that deep neural networks used to synthesize speech introduce specific and unusual artifacts not typically found in human speech. Although not necessarily audible, we develop various detection algorithms to measure these artifacts and be able …
Examining The Influence Of A Negative Affect Induction Task On Self-Reported Cannabis Use, Expectancies, And Problems, Brianna Rose Altman
Examining The Influence Of A Negative Affect Induction Task On Self-Reported Cannabis Use, Expectancies, And Problems, Brianna Rose Altman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Substance use disorders and affective disturbances often covary. One commonly endorsed expectancy for substance use is stress relief, and using substances to cope with negative affect (NA) often covaries with greater use and problems. While strong evidence of these relations exists, NA might bias reporting of substance use due to hindered recall processes. This hypothesis warrants further research, as accurate reporting of substance-related variables is crucial in both research and treatment settings. The present study examined the influence of NA on reporting of cannabis variables using an affect-induction paradigm. Over 1,000 individuals recruited from Amazon’s MTurk participated. After reporting demographics …
Identifying Risk Factors For Hospitalization With Mental Illness And/Or Behavioral Disorders And Concurrent Temperature-Related Illness In New York State : A Cross-Sectional Study, Heather Aydin-Ghormoz
Identifying Risk Factors For Hospitalization With Mental Illness And/Or Behavioral Disorders And Concurrent Temperature-Related Illness In New York State : A Cross-Sectional Study, Heather Aydin-Ghormoz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: In New York State (NYS), extreme heat events in the warm months (May – September) are expected to increase over the next 60 years. Additionally, NYS experiences extremely low temperatures in the colder months (October – April). Extreme temperature events are linked to increased emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality for individuals with mental and behavioral disorders. This research aims to characterize individual and regional risk factors for mental and behavioral disorder hospitalizations with concurrent temperature-related illness in NYS. Methods: Using data from the NYS Statewide and Planning Research and Cooperative System between 2005 – 2019, multivariate log binomial …
An Iterative Theory Of The Legislative Process : A Case Study Of The New York State Commission On Prosecutorial Conduct, Kimberly M. Bernstein
An Iterative Theory Of The Legislative Process : A Case Study Of The New York State Commission On Prosecutorial Conduct, Kimberly M. Bernstein
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Prosecutors wield the power of the criminal justice system (Medwed, 2014) and the ability to deprive a person of their constitutional rights (Imbler v. Pachtman, 1976). With such power, it is unsurprising that a leading cause of miscarriages of justice is prosecutorial misconduct (e.g., Joy, 2006; Ridolfi & Possley, 2010). New York State became the first state in the country to respond to this issue with a specialized Commission on Prosecutorial Conduct (CPC). The goal of the CPC is to serve as an official mechanism for holding District Attorneys and Assistant District Attorneys accountable by challenging convictions and handing down …
Policy Side Effects : How Do Policies Become A Source Of Social Problems?, Yongjin Choi
Policy Side Effects : How Do Policies Become A Source Of Social Problems?, Yongjin Choi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
How do the consequences of a policy become a source of another social problem? Social science scholars have long recognized the possibility that policies often generate new social problems, unintentionally or even intentionally. However, public policy scholarship has been somewhat slow to translate these insights into systematic research inquiries and accumulate concrete knowledge about this issue. As a result, when confronted with the widespread social and political repercussions of unavoidable but strong policy responses, such as COVID-19 associated lockdowns and vaccine mandates, the policy literature has largely failed to advise on how to anticipate, handle, and overcome the hardships generated …
Queer Outings In Imaginary Spaces, Nicole Cosentino
Queer Outings In Imaginary Spaces, Nicole Cosentino
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Picture this: Marcel Proust, Roland Barthes, and Djuna Barnes walk into a book. And stay there.
Women's Timeless Fascination With True Crime And Horror, Sarah Victoria Di Carluccio
Women's Timeless Fascination With True Crime And Horror, Sarah Victoria Di Carluccio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis examines society’s interest in gothic literature, horror, and true crime. Beginning with the first gothic works, and ending with modern true crime media, a focus of this exploratory piece will be on women because women have always been, and remain, the primary consumers of the gothic, and of true crime. The question is: Why? To examine the possible reasons, I will be examining the success of original gothic writers, namely, Ann Radcliffe. Other authors who influenced the development of the Gothic genre will influence our modern understanding of these origins. I will examine Poe’s “The Mystery of Marie …
Permaculture As An Ecopedagogy Curriculum And Alternative Theory Of Development : An Exploration Of The Ecological Consciousness Of Rural Western Kenyan Farmers Using Photo-Voice With A Farmer Field School During Covid-19, David Yisrael Epstein
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation explores two main questions of farmers in Western Kenya – how they see farming as a creative process and their role in that – and how change is made possible in their community. I explore stories from farmers themselves, using photographs they have taken and stories they tell about those photographs, which answer these two questions. In doing so, I attempt to understand the degree to which collective action has taken root in a community exposed to a permaculture based curriculum within a farmer field school. It also importantly seeks to understand what happens when such a curriculum …
Exposing Gan-Generated Faces Using Deep Neural Network, Hui Guo
Exposing Gan-Generated Faces Using Deep Neural Network, Hui Guo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Generative adversarial network (GAN) generated high-realistic human faces are visually challenging to discern from real ones. They have been used as profile images for fake social media accounts, which leads to high negative social impacts.In this work, we explore a universal physiological cue of the eye, namely the pupil shape consistency, to identify GAN-generated faces reliably. We show that GAN-generated faces can be exposed via irregular pupil shapes. This phenomenon is caused by the lack of physiological constraints in the GAN models. We demonstrate that such artifacts exist widely in high-quality GAN-generated faces. We design an automatic method to segment …
Essays On Labor Economics And Consumer Behavior :, Nayoung Kim
Essays On Labor Economics And Consumer Behavior :, Nayoung Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first two chapters in this dissertation discuss the effect of the minimum wage on the intensive margin. While the effect of the minimum wage on the extensive margin of employment has been long debated, the literature about its effects on the intensive margin remains sparse. Given the fact that more than one-third of minimum wage workers in the U.S. are part-time employees, the studies on the intensive margin of the minimum wage are as important as the one about extensive margin. The first chapter analyzes the effects of the minimum wage on the dispersion of work hours among low-educated …
Comparative Effectiveness Of Behavioral Interventions For Mus : A Meta-Analysis, Justin Kimber
Comparative Effectiveness Of Behavioral Interventions For Mus : A Meta-Analysis, Justin Kimber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common: 25 to 50% of patients seen in primary care present with MUS (e.g., fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue). Patients with MUS report higher symptom severity, psychological distress, and poorer functioning and quality of life than patients without MUS. To address the needs of patients with MUS, behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy and exercise) have been used to improve patient outcomes including symptom severity, psychological distress, and quality of life. To date, behavioral interventions have been shown to be efficacious to improve patient outcomes; however, less is known about the comparative efficacy …
The Impact Of Workplace Racial Harassment On Inclusion And Talent Retention, Katherine Kirkinis
The Impact Of Workplace Racial Harassment On Inclusion And Talent Retention, Katherine Kirkinis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The technology industry is struggling to achieve and retain racial diversity in their talent pools (Pivotal Ventures & McKinsey & Co., 2019; Scott, Klein, & Onovakpuri, 2017). While companies and organizations in recent years have been focused on increasing diversity and decreasing discrimination in the workplace (cf. Cleveland, Shore, Anderson, Huebner, & Sanchez, 2018), organizations do not seem to be making data-driven decisions around diversity and inclusion efforts (Dobbin & Kalev, 2017) and they do not seem to be working ensure positive outcomes for diverse individuals after they are hired (Holvino, Ferdman, & Merrill- Sands, 2004). This study examined the …
Alternative-To-Incarceration Programs : An In-Depth Review Of State And Federal Drug Courts, Allison Kropf
Alternative-To-Incarceration Programs : An In-Depth Review Of State And Federal Drug Courts, Allison Kropf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The United States’ recent shift toward rehabilitative justice has aided in the creation of alternatives to incarceration; among these alternatives is drug treatment court. This paper studies the similarities and differences between both state and federal drug treatment courts. Using three federal programs and nine state programs – located in three states: Florida, New York, and California – as proxies, rules, regulations, and criteria are examined in order to gauge the comprehensiveness and compatibility of drug treatment courts across the U.S. It is found that drug treatment courts across both the state and federal circuits are similar to one another, …