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Journal of International Women's Studies

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Happiness, Life Satisfaction, And Gender Equality At The Micro And Macro Levels, Aslı Ermiş-Mert Jun 2023

Happiness, Life Satisfaction, And Gender Equality At The Micro And Macro Levels, Aslı Ermiş-Mert

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study aims to examine the impact of gender inequality index (GII) values (UNDP) on happiness and life satisfaction overall, as well as the impact of selected demographic predictors (gender, educational level, income) and individual-level gender egalitarianism on these two components of well-being in gender equal and unequal countries. Partial proportional odds models are implemented to predict happiness and life satisfaction levels of respondents included in 7th wave of World Values Survey (Haerpfer et al., 2020). Main findings show that increasing gender inequality at the macro level increases the likelihood to be both very unhappy and very happy, and the …

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Irigaray’S Feminine Language In Joyce Johnson’S Minor Characters: A Beat Memoir, Vida Rahiminezhad, Mahdieh Sadat Faal Nazari Jun 2023

Irigaray’S Feminine Language In Joyce Johnson’S Minor Characters: A Beat Memoir, Vida Rahiminezhad, Mahdieh Sadat Faal Nazari

Journal of International Women's Studies

This is a critical reading of Joyce Johnson’s memoir Minor Characters to investigate the ways women’s language is generated using philosopher Luce Irigaray’s feminist framework of language. This study is library-based research done by a close reading of the memoir. Joyce Johnson was part of the second generation of women Beat writers, and she had a love affair with the main male Beat figure, Jack Kerouac. In Minor Characters, she illustrates the history of the Beat Generation. Irigaray, a Belgian feminist theorist, discusses the concept of feminine language, gender roles, and women’s position in society. Findings illustrate that Joyce …

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Women’S Resistance To Toba Batak Umpasa From A Feminist Perspective, Ratih Baiduri, Elly Prihasti Wuriyani Jun 2023

Women’S Resistance To Toba Batak Umpasa From A Feminist Perspective, Ratih Baiduri, Elly Prihasti Wuriyani

Journal of International Women's Studies

No abstract provided.

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Gender-Based Conflicts In Political Parties: Male Domination In Central Java’S Politics, Misbah Zulfa Elizabeth, Ririh Megah Safitri, Sholihan Sholihan, Arikhah . Jun 2023

Gender-Based Conflicts In Political Parties: Male Domination In Central Java’S Politics, Misbah Zulfa Elizabeth, Ririh Megah Safitri, Sholihan Sholihan, Arikhah .

Journal of International Women's Studies

Indonesian women’s active participation in the political sphere has been supported by national legislation. However, it remains challenging for women to position themselves in the political arena, especially in a specific party’s activities. There is contestation between male and female political cadres, which often escalates into conflict. Using a qualitative research method, this research aims to discover the root of gender-based conflicts within a political party context. This research found three kinds of conflict: overt, covert, and avoided. Overt conflicts occur in the official forum when women express their anger, dissatisfaction, and protests against their male counterparts. Covert conflicts occur …

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Use Of Technology By Ecuadorian Teachers: An Exploratory Study About Gender Roles, Ximena D. Burgin Jun 2023

Use Of Technology By Ecuadorian Teachers: An Exploratory Study About Gender Roles, Ximena D. Burgin

Journal of International Women's Studies

Since the 1970s, middle-class educated Ecuadorian women have engaged in activism for gender equality in civil, political, social, and economic sectors in Ecuador. Ecuador has enacted legal frameworks to promote equality between men and women in the workplace. However, women remain at a disadvantage regarding salaries, working hours, and access to education. Moreover, the current educational needs have accentuated the importance of integrating technology in the classroom which have changed teaching practices based on teachers’ pedagogical approaches as well as teachers’ gender. Teachers’ decision-making process is influenced by sociocultural norms about gender roles. This ethnographic case study explored the interactions …

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Tackling Menstrual Poverty: A Substantive Equality Approach To The Right To Education, Aniketh Rao Jun 2023

Tackling Menstrual Poverty: A Substantive Equality Approach To The Right To Education, Aniketh Rao

Journal of International Women's Studies

The overall purpose of the paper is to analyze the free supply of menstrual items to primary and secondary school girls in New Zealand using the substantive equality principle. The New Zealand government’s incentive for free supply of the articles to menstruating girls was their worrying absenteeism at school due to menstrual poverty. Menstrual poverty limits school girls’ equal access to their fundamental right to education. In my analysis, I adopt a human rights approach, employing the substantive equality principle to reflect on this rationale to provide menstrual products to school girls who need them. My research cites scholarly texts, …

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Do Women’S Education And Economic Empowerment Reduce Gender-Based Violence In Nigeria?, Adaobiagu Nnemdi Obiagu Jun 2023

Do Women’S Education And Economic Empowerment Reduce Gender-Based Violence In Nigeria?, Adaobiagu Nnemdi Obiagu

Journal of International Women's Studies

Women’s education and economic empowerment are key measures to promoting gender equality and reducing gender-based violence (GBV) against women, which is one of the indicators of gender equality. Whereas women’s education has been shown to positively impact child’s health, women’s fertility, and women’s participation in civic life and paid jobs, evidence on the relationship between women’s education, economic empowerment, and women’s exposure to GBV is not sufficiently established. Mapping this relationship is important for informing effective gender policies and practices. Hence, this study used the Nigeria demographic and health survey data of 2008, 2013, and 2018 to investigate the direction …

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Women’S Empowerment And Modern Contraceptive Use: Evidence From Four Southeast Asian Countries, Chiew Way Ang, Siow Li Lai Jun 2023

Women’S Empowerment And Modern Contraceptive Use: Evidence From Four Southeast Asian Countries, Chiew Way Ang, Siow Li Lai

Journal of International Women's Studies

Modern contraceptive prevalence rates differ across Southeast Asian countries due to the different levels of socio-economic development, cultural practices, and women’s empowerment. This study investigates the relationship between women’s empowerment and modern contraceptive use in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines, where Demographic and Health Surveys data are available. The main study variables include modern contraceptive use (as measured by the percentage of married women aged 15-49 currently using a modern contraceptive method) and women’s empowerment measures, which include asset ownership, household decision-making, and attitudes towards spousal violence. Binary logistic regression is used to assess the association between modern contraceptive …

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Muslim Women’S Rights Discourses In Kerala: Case Study Of A Marginalized Group, P. Shabna Jun 2023

Muslim Women’S Rights Discourses In Kerala: Case Study Of A Marginalized Group, P. Shabna

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper is a case study of NISA, an autonomous Muslim women’s organization in the South Indian state of Kerala. This paper elaborates on the limitations of the Islamic framework embraced by women’s associations affiliated with sectarian Muslim groups in Kerala by comparing NISA’s works and strategies and explaining their unwelcome position within the community. The paper also considers Muslim women's organizations in Kerala from a global perspective compared to international platforms like Musawah while exploring their limitations in forming a transnational alliance with such organizations.

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Perspectives Of Women Police Officers In The Union Territory Of Puducherry, India, Chemmalar S. Jun 2023

Perspectives Of Women Police Officers In The Union Territory Of Puducherry, India, Chemmalar S.

Journal of International Women's Studies

Women face unprecedented challenges of gender inequality despite representing half of the world’s population, yet increasingly, they are entering physically demanding professions such as policing. Underlying police culture is a normative power structure defined by hegemonic masculinity. Discrimination, sexual harassment, and inadequate maternity and parental leave are some of the issues that women police officers face. Despite these limitations, there is a growing demand for women police officers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the issues that women police officers face in their work. It also sheds light on the psychology of women police officers and their approach …

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The Impact Of The Anglophone Crisis On Gender Equality In Cameroon, Community Centre For Integrated Development (Ccid) Jun 2023

The Impact Of The Anglophone Crisis On Gender Equality In Cameroon, Community Centre For Integrated Development (Ccid)

Journal of International Women's Studies

No abstract provided.

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Mary Sidney’S The Tragedy Of Antony And Fadwa Tuqan’S A Mountainous Journey: Language, Gender Politics, And The Emergence Of Authorial Identities, Bilal Hamamra Jun 2023

Mary Sidney’S The Tragedy Of Antony And Fadwa Tuqan’S A Mountainous Journey: Language, Gender Politics, And The Emergence Of Authorial Identities, Bilal Hamamra

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article engages with the critical lenses of new historicism and presentism, using Fadwa Tuqan’s A Mountainous Journey and the discourse of Palestinian female martyrs as contemporary intertexts to scrutinize women’s silence, speech, and authorial identity in Mary Sidney’s early modern English work The Tragedy of Antony. I contend this text enabled Sidney to construct a narrative of mourning for her brother Philip Sidney, just as Tuqan uses her writing to mourn her brother Ibrahim Tuqan. It is argued here that Sidney’s and Tuqan’s creation of their authorial identities emanated from their close relationships with their brothers. I argue that …

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Student Perceptions Of Gender Studies As An Academic Discipline In Pakistan, Rabbia Aslam, Saad Ali Khan Jun 2023

Student Perceptions Of Gender Studies As An Academic Discipline In Pakistan, Rabbia Aslam, Saad Ali Khan

Journal of International Women's Studies

The article aimed to highlight the varied perceptions of students studying Gender Studies as an academic discipline at Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Pakistan. The research objective of this article was to document the students’ experiences, perceptions, misconceptions, and anxieties regarding Gender Studies. This research is the result of a continuous journey in this field where we have actively engaged and interacted with students studying in various semesters. The research was qualitative in nature and in-depth interview guidelines were employed to conduct interviews with the students of the Center of Excellence in Gender Studies (CEGS) at QAU, Islamabad. The sample size consisted …

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Do Legal And Institutional Reforms In Punjab, Pakistan Protect Women’S Inherited Land Rights?, Iram Rubab, Beenish Malik, Zujajah Bakht Aziz Jun 2023

Do Legal And Institutional Reforms In Punjab, Pakistan Protect Women’S Inherited Land Rights?, Iram Rubab, Beenish Malik, Zujajah Bakht Aziz

Journal of International Women's Studies

Economic marginalization is a key feature of gender inequality globally. In Pakistan, which ranks 153 out of 156 countries on the Global Gender Gap Index Report 2020, economic marginalization has significantly hampered efforts towards inclusivity. In comparison to dismal levels of female literacy and formal occupation (traditional measures of development), inheritance is an interesting category—a right enshrined both in Islam (the official state religion) and the country’s constitution. Given Pakistan’s agrarian and otherwise rent-seeking economic orientation, land inheritance plays a pivotal role in financial wellbeing regardless of gender. However, a pervasive denial of women’s inheritance rights has been the norm. …

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Nollywood Cinema As A Tool For Pro-Lesbian Advocacy: A Feminist Reading Of Unaiedu Ikpe-Etim’S Ife, Floribert Patrick C. Endong Jun 2023

Nollywood Cinema As A Tool For Pro-Lesbian Advocacy: A Feminist Reading Of Unaiedu Ikpe-Etim’S Ife, Floribert Patrick C. Endong

Journal of International Women's Studies

In spite of the homophobic nature of Nigerian society, the LGBTQ+ rights movement has been very visible in Nigeria. A number of local pro-LGBTQ+ initiatives have sought to challenge the conservative myths and homophobic stereotypes that prevail in the society. One method used for such advocacy has been avant-garde cinema, particularly lesbian or gay films. A case in point is Ikpe-Etim’s 2020 romantic film titled Ife. As an unusual Nollywood movie, Ife strongly makes a case for the human rights of lesbian, bisexual, and queer women in Nigeria. Its very positive representation of what Nigerian legislation and censorial forces consider …

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Australian Health Professionals Identify Barriers To Asian Women’S Sexual Health, Sandra Basham, Jaya Dantas Jun 2023

Australian Health Professionals Identify Barriers To Asian Women’S Sexual Health, Sandra Basham, Jaya Dantas

Journal of International Women's Studies

This research article reports on the results of thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 key informants as part of a larger study about barriers to Asian migrant women’s sexual health. Thematic analysis was conducted with data to identify key themes about barriers to Asian women’s engagement with sexual health services in Australia. Key informants identified four core barriers: external cultural and relational influences, the internal beliefs of the women informants, professional health workers’ practices, and the health system service models. Key informants agreed that Asian women need time to build trust before discussing sexual topics with health workers …

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Embracing The Changes: A Study Examining The Career Intentions Of Saudi Women Undergraduates, Beverley Mcnally, Carmen Winkel Jun 2023

Embracing The Changes: A Study Examining The Career Intentions Of Saudi Women Undergraduates, Beverley Mcnally, Carmen Winkel

Journal of International Women's Studies

No abstract provided.

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Executive Editors’ Introduction, Catherine Ndinda, Priyanka Tripathi, Kimberly Davis Jun 2023

Executive Editors’ Introduction, Catherine Ndinda, Priyanka Tripathi, Kimberly Davis

Journal of International Women's Studies

No abstract provided.

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Bollywood As A Site Of Resistance: Women And Agency In Indian Popular Culture, Sheetal Yadav, Smita Jha Apr 2023

Bollywood As A Site Of Resistance: Women And Agency In Indian Popular Culture, Sheetal Yadav, Smita Jha

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article evaluates the contemporary Indian redefinition of gender norms, subjectivity, and practices by analyzing Bollywood films as a major influence upon its global audiences. This study explores how Indian cinema redefines women’s status and promotes gender-neutral entertainment by harnessing the powerful energies of current movements such as #MeToo. The article closely examines the textual and conceptual features of current women-focused movies like Ek Ladki Ko Dekha To Aisa Laga (2019), Thappad (2020), and Paglait (2021). This examination focuses on key insights from popular Bollywood actresses’ critical feminist roles to understand their assertions of women’s power, agency, and equality. Additionally, …

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Women And The Precarity Of War: Reading Women Militants And Activists In Sharmila Seyyid’S Ummath, Aparna Nandha Apr 2023

Women And The Precarity Of War: Reading Women Militants And Activists In Sharmila Seyyid’S Ummath, Aparna Nandha

Journal of International Women's Studies

Ummath, written by Sharmila Seyyid, navigates the sensitive topic of the precarious lives of three separate women amid the chaos of war-torn Sri Lanka. The stories of main characters Yoga and Theivanai demonstrate women’s challenges in and out of militancy. Their struggles led them to Thawakkul, a Muslim social worker devoted to the cause of rehabilitating disabled and widowed women who once served the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam). Ummath provides a powerful social critique of the conditions that aggravated the separatist conflict, the stigmatization of women who become part of the LTTE, the inexorable violence perpetrated by …

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Impact Of Rural Financial Institutions Building Program (Rufin) On The Productivity Of Women-Owned Farms And Non-Farm Enterprises In Northern Nigeria, Ayodele Abiodun Olaleye, Abigail John Jirgi, Kpotun Mohammed Baba, Usman Shabba Mohammed Apr 2023

Impact Of Rural Financial Institutions Building Program (Rufin) On The Productivity Of Women-Owned Farms And Non-Farm Enterprises In Northern Nigeria, Ayodele Abiodun Olaleye, Abigail John Jirgi, Kpotun Mohammed Baba, Usman Shabba Mohammed

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the Rural Financial Institution Building Program (RUFIN) on the productivity of women-owned farms and non-farm enterprises in Northern Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through a questionnaire administered to 390 beneficiaries and an equal number of non-beneficiaries selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The productivity of women-owned enterprises was determined using Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which was measured as a ratio of the total annual output of the enterprise to the product of capital input, labor input, and total material input. The propensity score matching approach was used to analyze …

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Changing Ideologies Of Marriage In Contemporary Indian Women’S Novels, Bhushan Sharma Apr 2023

Changing Ideologies Of Marriage In Contemporary Indian Women’S Novels, Bhushan Sharma

Journal of International Women's Studies

Marriage in Hinduism is sacramental in nature and considered a divine religious bond. As per Shastras, man alone is incomplete until or unless he marries. The wife is called Ardhangini (half of man) or dharmapatni, who shares religious duties with her husband. This paper views matrimony from a feminist lens and explores the changing ideology of marriage by drawing upon feminist theory. The study uses two novels by contemporary Indian women writers, Shashi Deshpande's A Matter of Time (1996) and Shobhaa De's Second Thoughts (1996), to explore the world of married women. These novels by Indian women express women’s …

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Beautiful, Sexy, And Happy Celebrities: Perfect Mothers Or Instamoms, Ebru Güzel Apr 2023

Beautiful, Sexy, And Happy Celebrities: Perfect Mothers Or Instamoms, Ebru Güzel

Journal of International Women's Studies

The development of information technologies and the Internet has created an enormous economy. In line with this digital transformation, cultural change has come about. Global companies create new trends focused on vanity and pleasure in social media that follow the patriarchal capitalist ideology. Motherhood has also been included in this process, and “perfect motherhood,” as an extension to new generation motherhood, has been popularized on social media. Perfect motherhood requires mothers who are responsible for looking after children and the home to also be successful in their professional and personal lives while looking beautiful, young, chic, sexy, and fit. Recently …

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Women Caregivers Of Palliative Care Patients: The Arogyakeralam Project In Kerala, India, Florence Jose Apr 2023

Women Caregivers Of Palliative Care Patients: The Arogyakeralam Project In Kerala, India, Florence Jose

Journal of International Women's Studies

Palliative care is primarily holistic care given to the patient and their family where the caregiver plays a significant role in the patient’s health and wellbeing. This research studies the perception of the caregivers on the functioning of the Arogyakeralam palliative care project in Kerala, India, in order to understand the challenges faced by women caregivers of this type of patient. In this descriptive and analytical study, the researcher used the multi-stage random sampling methodology. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain data from 54 primary caregivers of palliative care patients who were randomly and proportionately selected from two …

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Child Sexual Abuse And Exploitation Through Livestreaming In Indonesia: Unequal Power Relations At The Root Of Child Victimization, Ni Luh Tasya Prathisthita Tanaya, Ni Made Martini Puteri Apr 2023

Child Sexual Abuse And Exploitation Through Livestreaming In Indonesia: Unequal Power Relations At The Root Of Child Victimization, Ni Luh Tasya Prathisthita Tanaya, Ni Made Martini Puteri

Journal of International Women's Studies

Child sexual abuse and exploitation through livestreaming is a rising phenomenon of online child sexual abuse and exploitation in Indonesia. This phenomenon takes place in both offline and online spaces. Moreover, due to the active involvement of the viewers, these content viewers can also be considered as offenders. Thus, it is necessary to recognize this phenomenon as a crime against children, instead of merely a sexual act. By using a criminology perspective, this research explores the roots of this phenomenon, the impact on survivors, and the child protection system’s actions against it. This qualitative study used secondary data analysis, derived …

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Masculinist Constructions Of Nationalism In India: Gender, Body Politics, And Hindi Cinema, Nupur Ray Apr 2023

Masculinist Constructions Of Nationalism In India: Gender, Body Politics, And Hindi Cinema, Nupur Ray

Journal of International Women's Studies

Nationalism is an evocative concept with multiple philosophies around its meanings, purposes and contentions. Symbols, imagery, and spectacle play an important role in cultural expressions of nationalism that sustain an emotional response. The paper argues that imaginative constructs of nationalism in India are primarily constructed around women’s bodily metaphors, sexual norms, and their maternal roles in families. Popular culture, particularly cinema, tends to reinforce power hierarchies in which women symbolizing the nation are in need of protection by men or the state as a masculine authority. Hindi cinema has been an integral part of the socio-cultural lives of people in …

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Who Is To Blame? African Feminism, Human Rights, And Sexual Violence Against Izintombi (Virgins) In South Africa, Goodness Thandi Ntuli Apr 2023

Who Is To Blame? African Feminism, Human Rights, And Sexual Violence Against Izintombi (Virgins) In South Africa, Goodness Thandi Ntuli

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article highlights the intensifying prevalence of sexual violence in South Africa, which affects women including izintombi (virgins, also known as Zulu maidens). Ubuntombi (virginity) traditionally represented a typical identity marker of young-womanhood in the indigenous lives of Zulus. As an aftermath of colonialism and imperialism, the cultural importance of women’s virginity faded into the past with only sporadic survival in some rural areas of South Africa. For some reasons, it was visibly revived together with virginity-testing as public events in the 1980s and 1990s. The practice of virginity-testing was criticized by some scholars, human rights and gender activists, who …

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Converging Crises And The Cost Of Exclusion: Unveiling The Invisible Women Of Sri Lanka’S Economy, Lihini Ratwatte Apr 2023

Converging Crises And The Cost Of Exclusion: Unveiling The Invisible Women Of Sri Lanka’S Economy, Lihini Ratwatte

Journal of International Women's Studies

In Sri Lanka, women’s labor force participation has never exceeded 35% in over three decades. As of 2022, the country was ranked 110 out of 146 countries in the World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Index. The gaps in women’s participation in the formal economy alongside women’s limited political empowerment are two leading causes for the country to be lagging in such global gender equality indicators. At a large cost to the economy, the existence of archaic gender norms that promulgate women’s unpaid care work often exclude women from the formal labor force. This paper dissects the socio-economic and socio-political factors …

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Globalization And Migration: The Great Gender Equalizer?, Akm Ahsan Ullah, Sharifah Nurul Huda Alkaff, Shirley Chin Wei Lee, Diotima Chattoraj, Jannatul Ferdous Apr 2023

Globalization And Migration: The Great Gender Equalizer?, Akm Ahsan Ullah, Sharifah Nurul Huda Alkaff, Shirley Chin Wei Lee, Diotima Chattoraj, Jannatul Ferdous

Journal of International Women's Studies

Globalization has been extensively debated in a range of contexts, from trade to borders, international relations, and conflict. It appears to be a positive force for women as many scholars contend that it has offered women new opportunities, thus enhancing greater gender equality in many countries where traditional patriarchal structures are firmly entrenched. However, some scholars are more skeptical of the benefits of globalization for women. They note that despite women gaining an increasing share of employment opportunities in a globalized world, the expected redistribution of domestic, household, and childcare responsibilities often did not materialize. They also argue that multinational …

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Global Women’S Precarity, Borderlands, Decoloniality, And Transformative Change, Vivienne Tailor, Nupur Ray, Goodness Thandi Ntuli, Lihini Ratwatte Apr 2023

Global Women’S Precarity, Borderlands, Decoloniality, And Transformative Change, Vivienne Tailor, Nupur Ray, Goodness Thandi Ntuli, Lihini Ratwatte

Journal of International Women's Studies

No abstract provided.

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