Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Germplasm (5)
- Breeding potential (3)
- Diversity (3)
- Chromosomes (2)
- Durum wheat landraces (2)
-
- Grain fill (2)
- Jordan (2)
- Psathyrostachys (2)
- Triticae (2)
- Triticeae (2)
- Wheat improvement (2)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Addition lines (1)
- Alien (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Aneuploidy (1)
- Argonomic traits (1)
- Auto-allopolyploidy (1)
- Barley (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- China (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromosomal distribution (1)
- Chromosome segments (1)
- Crop plants (1)
- Crop species (1)
- Crossability (1)
- Cultural barley (1)
- Dasypyrum breviaristatum (1)
- Dasypyrum villosum (1)
Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Attempts To Produce Alien Addition Lines In Triticum Durum, Domenico Pignone
Attempts To Produce Alien Addition Lines In Triticum Durum, Domenico Pignone
Herbarium Publications
Aneuploid stocks in durum wheat are few, and alien additions are particularly rare. The present contribution describes the results of a program aimed at the addition of alien chromosomes to tetraploid wheat. Aegilops caudata, Ae. longissima and Dasypyrum villosum were used as chromosome donors. The crossing program involved the production of amphidiploids with the wheat cytoplasm and the recurrent crossing with durum wheat pollen. IS monosomic addition (2n= 29) plants were obtained and partly selfed and/or backcrossed to wheat. Two disomic addition (2n = 30) plants, possessing two different Ae. caudata chromosomes, were obtained; unfortunately they were very weak and …
Use Of Annual And Perennial Triticeae Species For Wheat Improvement, A. Mujeeb-Kazi
Use Of Annual And Perennial Triticeae Species For Wheat Improvement, A. Mujeeb-Kazi
Herbarium Publications
Constraints due to global biotic and abiotic stress continue to exist in wheat germ plasm. Novel genetic diversity resides in several annual/perennial Triticeae species that can be introgressed into wheat through intergeneric hybridization, of which Thinopyrum curvifolium is the principle source as it addresses the emphasis here for achieving wheat derivatives resistant to Helminthosporium leaf blight (Cochliobolus sativus). Some additional sources like Th. elongatum (2n=2x= 14) and Secale cereale are also mentioned. The interspecific hybridization strategy offers alien genetic introgression opportunities, for which the closely related Triticum species have a priority. Of these sources, the D genome T. tauschii (Aegilops …
Physical Mapping Of Micronutritional Genes In Wheat-Rye Translocations, R. G. Kynast, M. S. Röder, V. Römheld
Physical Mapping Of Micronutritional Genes In Wheat-Rye Translocations, R. G. Kynast, M. S. Röder, V. Römheld
Herbarium Publications
In rye (Secale cereale L.), there are loci on chromosome arm 5RL which give rise to increased copper (Cu)- and iron (Fe)-efficiency, respectively. Four different wheat-rye translocations each harboring a terminal segment of different size of the rye chromosome arm 5RL were identified by test crosses and Giemsa-banding: 'T29' (5AS.5RL), 'T63' (5BS.5BL-5RL), 'Vhn' (4BS.4BL-5RL) and 'Cor' (4BS.4BL-5RL). The translocation break points were detected by chromosome painting technique GISH and the sizes of the rye chromosome segments involved were determined by computer image analysis. The Cu-efficiency gene Ce was physically mapped to the terminal region of 5RL, and the genes …
Evaluation And Utilization Of Biodiversity In Triticeae For Wheat Lmprovement, A. B. Damania, J. Valkoun
Evaluation And Utilization Of Biodiversity In Triticeae For Wheat Lmprovement, A. B. Damania, J. Valkoun
Herbarium Publications
To adapt new varieties to a wide spectrum of environments breeders and farmers have emphasized the need for broadening the current narrow genetic base of modern varieties of important cereal crops such as wheat and barley. In response to this need, several thousand samples of indigenously cultivated Triticeae species and their wild relatives have been collected from the centers of diversity. However, gene bank collections are of little use if they are not evaluated and the information disseminated widely. Evaluation is essentially the link between conservation and use. Some of the collected material has been evaluated at the International Center …
Diversity Of Trypsin Inhibitors In Cultural And Wild Barley, Ladogina M. P., Ovchinnikov A. N., Fetisov A. V.
Diversity Of Trypsin Inhibitors In Cultural And Wild Barley, Ladogina M. P., Ovchinnikov A. N., Fetisov A. V.
Herbarium Publications
Diversity of trypsin inhibitors was studied in 35 spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare), 21 samples of H. spontaneum, and 3 samples of H. agriocrithon. Six variants of trypsin inhibitor spectra were identified by native electrophoresis method followed by specific development of activity. Four variants were found in both cultivated and wild barley, and the other two were revealed only in H. spontaneum. Trypsin inhibitor activities (TIA) and soluble protein contents were determined in four cultivars with different variants of trypsin inhibitors. It was shown that TIA differed in the cultivars studied and did not correlate …
The Evaluation On Crossabilities Of Chinese Wheat Landraces, M. C. Luo, C. Yen, J. L. Yang, Z. L. Yang
The Evaluation On Crossabilities Of Chinese Wheat Landraces, M. C. Luo, C. Yen, J. L. Yang, Z. L. Yang
Herbarium Publications
The total of 865 accessions of Chinese bread wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.) has been investigated on their crossabilities with rye (Secale cereale L.), of which 121 land races showed similar crossability to Chinese Spring, 50 accessions had much higher crossability than Chinese Spring, and 693 varieties were non-crossable with rye or had lower crossability than Chinese Spring. The analysis on the geographical distribution indicated that the landraces with high crossability occurred in most parts of China. Some utilization of high crossability resources was also discussed.
Forage Species In Xinjiang Northern Natural Grasslands: Grasses, Li Bao-Jun
Forage Species In Xinjiang Northern Natural Grasslands: Grasses, Li Bao-Jun
Herbarium Publications
Forage germplasm resources, their distributions, potential agronomic characteristics and genetic aspects of the perennial grasses originating in Xinjiang northern regions are discussed. Grass diversity in the natural grasslands is immense for the range of environments to which it is endogenously adapted. Among the perennial species in the mountain area are summer growing and winter-dormant ecotypes, whereas in the plain outland summer-fast-growing, summer-dormant and winter dormant ecotypes occur. Flowering uniformity within the grass tribe provides the chance for gene exchange. The genetic variation for growth rate, tiller development, regrowth and yield between species and within a species has provided plant breeder …
Genome Symbols In The Triticeae (Poaceae), R. R-C. Wang, R. Von Bothmer, J. Dvorak, G. Fedak, I. Linde-Laursen, M. Muramatsu
Genome Symbols In The Triticeae (Poaceae), R. R-C. Wang, R. Von Bothmer, J. Dvorak, G. Fedak, I. Linde-Laursen, M. Muramatsu
Herbarium Publications
A system for the application of nuclear genome symbols in the tribe Triticeae is proposed. It is based mainly on prevailing symbols. In agreement with this, the system uses individual upper case letters as symbols in the first place. Since the number of basic nuclear genomes in the Triticeae exceeds the number of single letters in the Roman alphabet, some basic genomes are designated with an upper case letter followed by a lower case letter, e.g. Ns for the genome of Psathyrostachys. Superscripts in small letters are used when modified versions of a basic genome are referred to, e.g. …
Perennial Lymegrass (Leymus Arenarius And L. Mollis) As Potential Crop Species For Northern Latitudes, Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson, Jón Gudmundsson, Birkir Bragason, P. K. Martin, R. M. D. Koebner
Perennial Lymegrass (Leymus Arenarius And L. Mollis) As Potential Crop Species For Northern Latitudes, Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson, Jón Gudmundsson, Birkir Bragason, P. K. Martin, R. M. D. Koebner
Herbarium Publications
The aim of the present study is to improve the perennial lymegrass (L. arenarius and L. mollis) for cultivation as potential cereal crop for Iceland as well as for other regions of native lymegrass distribution. The study will also provide cereal breeders with broader genetic resource containing several characters of the wild species such as tolerance to extreme environments and perhaps resistance to pathological diseases.
The Study On N Genome Of Leymus Species, Genlou Sun, Chi Yen, Junliang Yang
The Study On N Genome Of Leymus Species, Genlou Sun, Chi Yen, Junliang Yang
Herbarium Publications
Leymus Hochst. is a perennial genus of Triticeae. All species in Leymus have the genomes NX. The genome N is from the genus Psathyrostachys. Two Psathyrostachys species, diploid P. huashanica Keng ex Kuo and P. juncea (Fische.) Nevski (2n= 14), were hybridized with allotetraploid, Leymus secalinus (Georgi.) Tzvelev and L. multicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev. Meiotic behavior of the synthetic hybrids was studied. The chromosome pairings indicated that one L. secalinus genome and one L. multicaulis genome were closely homologous with both P. huashanica and P. juncea genomes. The data of genomic analysis in the hybrids of P. huashanica …
Breeding Potential Of Durum Wheat Landraces From Jordan Iv. High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Variation., A. A. Jaradat, M. M. Ajlouni
Breeding Potential Of Durum Wheat Landraces From Jordan Iv. High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Variation., A. A. Jaradat, M. M. Ajlouni
Herbarium Publications
Variation in high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition among 177 durum wheat genotypes, derived from a collection of durum wheat landraces from Jordan, was investigated using one-dimensional sqdium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of 22 alleles, in addition to the null allele, Glu-A I c, were identified; three and seven novel variants were identified at the Glu-A I and Glu-B I loci, respectively. The null allele, Glu-A I c, had the highest (7 6. I%) frequency, followed by Glu-B I b (34. 7% ). Two loci at the Glu-B I locus were lacking, these were Glu-B I c …
Chromatin Characterization In Dasypyrum, Domenico Pignone, Roberto Mezzanotte, Roberto Cremonini
Chromatin Characterization In Dasypyrum, Domenico Pignone, Roberto Mezzanotte, Roberto Cremonini
Herbarium Publications
An open pollinated natural population and an inbred line of Dasypyrum villosum were cytologically examined. Nuclear DNA content, chromosomal distribution of the C-banded heterochromatin and the chromosomal site of action of restriction endonucleases were investigated. The results demonstrate that in D. villosum two classes of heterochromatin exist with different chromosomal location and reacting properties. One fraction of heterochromatin appears to be more affected by individual variation than the other. Preliminary examination of the chromosomal characteristics of D. breviaristatum indicate that the evolution of this latter species involved a more complicated process than the simple duplication of its chromosome number.
Procedures For Transfer Of Agronomic Traits From Alien Species To Crop Plants, George Fedak, L. O'Donoughue, K. C. Armstrong
Procedures For Transfer Of Agronomic Traits From Alien Species To Crop Plants, George Fedak, L. O'Donoughue, K. C. Armstrong
Herbarium Publications
The steps involved in the transfer of alien genetic variation will be outlined and the impact of recent technologies on improving the efficiency of the process will be discussed. The selection of parents is the first step; it is critically important that each selection be carefully screened for maximum expression of the desired trait. The crossing process is becoming increasingly more efficient with improved efficiency of growth regulators and embryo rescue media. Doubled haploid methods are being used to facilitate the production of chromosome addition lines. Molecular methods such as RFLPs, RAPDs, chromosome banding, and in situ hybridization add an …
Triticeae: A Tribe For Food, Feed And Fun, Roland Von Bothmer, Björn Salomon
Triticeae: A Tribe For Food, Feed And Fun, Roland Von Bothmer, Björn Salomon
Herbarium Publications
Triticeae is an important tribe in the grass family, Poaceae. It contains the cereals wheat, rye, triticale, and barley as well as a large number of wild species, some of which are utilized as forage grasses. The tribe combines all kind of biological mechanisms and genetic systems: diploids and polyploids; annuals and perennials, inbreeders and outbreeders, and even apomicts. Due to this large variation Triticeae is an excellent model group for research in genetics, plant breeding, genetic diversity, taxonomy, and speciation in plants.
Triticeae is distributed in almost all temperate areas of the world and consists of some 350-450 species …
Plant Germplasm Resources, S. A. Eberhart, H. E. Bockelman
Plant Germplasm Resources, S. A. Eberhart, H. E. Bockelman
Herbarium Publications
Landraces and wild relatives of crops from centers of diversity have been rich sources of resistance to new pathogens, insect pests, and other stresses as well as for traits to improve food and fiber quality, animal feed, and industrial products. Because very few crops grown in the U.S. are native, plant introductions are vital to our agriculture. The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) was established to acquire, preserve, and distribute plant genetic resources from around the world so that scientists have immediate access to these source materials. The active collection is maintained and distributed by 19 national germplasm repositories. The …
Breeding Potential Of Durum Wheat Landraces From Jordan Ill. Rate And Duration Of Grain Fill, A. A. Jaradat, M. M. Ajlouni
Breeding Potential Of Durum Wheat Landraces From Jordan Ill. Rate And Duration Of Grain Fill, A. A. Jaradat, M. M. Ajlouni
Herbarium Publications
Grain fill of durum wheat coincides with terminal drought and high temperature stress in the Mediterranean region. Genotypic variation for rate and duration of grain fill was studies in 250 landrace durum wheat genotypes collected in Jordan. A quadratic polynomial was used to describe the relationship between kernel weight and accumulated growing-degree-days from anthesis to maturity. Fitted curves were employed to estimate rate and duration of grain fill. Genotypic differences were found for both traits. Genotypes with high grain filling rate and high kernel weight were identified. Based on grain yield per spike, spikelet fertility, 1000-kernel weight, rate and duration …
The Mechanism Of The Origination Of Auto-Allopolyploidy And Aneuploidy In Higher Plants Based On The Cases Of Iris And Triticeae., Chi Yen, Genlou Sun, Junliang Yang
The Mechanism Of The Origination Of Auto-Allopolyploidy And Aneuploidy In Higher Plants Based On The Cases Of Iris And Triticeae., Chi Yen, Genlou Sun, Junliang Yang
Herbarium Publications
Cytomixis is a natural process of chromatin exchange among cells. In Iris confusa and I. japonica, the synchronized cytomixis takes place between PMC's during a stage just before meiosis. This process produces euploid and aneuploid offspring. The chromosome number of a fertile diploid plant is 30 (2n). Most accessions of I. confusa and I. japonica are sterile aneuploids. The chromosome numbers are varied, ranging 2n = 28 to 60. In Triticeae cytomixis plays an important role in spontaneous chromosome doubling or redoubling, resulting in the origin of auto-allopolyploidy and aneuploidy. We have obtained amphidiploid plants by spontaneous chromosome doubling. …
Progress In Polyhaploid Production Techniques Of Hexaploid Wheat Through Wide Crosses, M. N. Inagaki, A. Mujeeb-Kazi
Progress In Polyhaploid Production Techniques Of Hexaploid Wheat Through Wide Crosses, M. N. Inagaki, A. Mujeeb-Kazi
Herbarium Publications
(Triticum aestivum L.) through wide crosses were evaluated in terms of pollen sources, 2,4-D application, embryo rescue and chromosome retention. Pollen sources included Hordeum bulbosum L., Zea mays L., Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Maize-mediated polyhaploid production was more stable than the other methods because of a lesser genotypic influence on embryo formation. Application of 2,4-D onto wheat after pollination was critical to promote seed setting and embryo formation in all cross combinations. Embryo rescue was necessary at an appropriate embryo developmental stage to obtain plant regeneration. Paternal chromosomes were …
Genomes, Chromosomes, And Genes And The Concept Of Homology, Gitte Petersen, Ole Seberg
Genomes, Chromosomes, And Genes And The Concept Of Homology, Gitte Petersen, Ole Seberg
Herbarium Publications
The traditional application of genome analysis in phylogenetic inference is questionable. Hypotheses about phylogeny are based upon the analysis of homologous characters, existing as a consequence of common descent. The concept of homology in morphology and molecular biology is well-defined: To count as an homology any character must pass the similarity, congruence, and conjunction tests. In genome analysis homology is related to the behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis: homologous chromosomes pair, nonhomologous chromosomes do not. Thus, in genome analysis homology becomes a purely operational concept. How well does this operational concept work? And what are the relationships, if any, between …
Breeding Potential Of Exotic Barley Germplasm, Merja Veteläinen
Breeding Potential Of Exotic Barley Germplasm, Merja Veteläinen
Herbarium Publications
Utilization of exotic germplasm offers an approach to broaden genetic variability in breeding populations. This study was conducted in order to 1) compare germplasm of exotic origin with adapted Swedish barleys with respect to genetic differences and 2) to evaluate first cycles of pre-breeding i.e. agronomic traits in complex exotic x adapted crosses. Allozyme studies showed the following Nei's gene diversities among parents: 0.13 (adapted parents), 0.16 (landraces) and 0.25 (H. spontaneum). Cluster analysis based both on allozyme and agronomic data indicated that parental groups were genetically divergent. Earliness, straw length, number of ears per plant and thousand …
Experimental Hybridization And Genome Analysis In Elymus L. Sect. Caespitosae And Sect. Elytrigia (Poaceae: Triticeae), Mostafa Assadi
Experimental Hybridization And Genome Analysis In Elymus L. Sect. Caespitosae And Sect. Elytrigia (Poaceae: Triticeae), Mostafa Assadi
Herbarium Publications
Crossing experiments were performed between and within taxa of Elymus sect. Elytrigia and sect. Caespitosae from Iran and two taxa from Central Asia and China. The hexaploid Elymus repens (genomic constitution SSH) was crossed with the octoploid E. elongatiformis. The chromosome associations at meiosis show that E. elongatiformis possesses the SSH genome of E. repens as well as and additional genome of unknown origin. Crosses between different accessions of E. libanoticus (genomic constitutions S) from W., NW. and N. Iran as well as crosses between E. libanoticus and accessions morphologically assignable to Elytrigia gracillima and Elymus sosnovskyi should therefore …
Prospects For Gene Lntrogression From Hordeum Bulbosum L. Into Barley (H. Vulgare L.)., R. A. Pickering, A. M. Hill, G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan, E. M. Forbes, M. G. Cromey, M. J. Gilpin, M. Michel, M. Scholz
Prospects For Gene Lntrogression From Hordeum Bulbosum L. Into Barley (H. Vulgare L.)., R. A. Pickering, A. M. Hill, G. M. Timmerman-Vaughan, E. M. Forbes, M. G. Cromey, M. J. Gilpin, M. Michel, M. Scholz
Herbarium Publications
Hybridizations between Hordeum vulgare L. (cultivated barley) and H. bulbosum L. have been performed over many years with two aims. First, the production of doubled haploid barley cultivars (Kasha and Kao 1970); second, the transfer of desirable traits such as resistance to fungal and viral pathogens from the wild species into barley. Apart from the report of an occasional recombinant (Xu and Kasha 1992; Pickering et al 1994), successful gene introgression has been hampered by several barriers. In this report we will describe recent progress in overcoming these barriers.
Proceedings Of The 2nd International Triticeae Symposium, Richard R.-C. Wang, Kevin B. Jensen, Carolyn Jaussi
Proceedings Of The 2nd International Triticeae Symposium, Richard R.-C. Wang, Kevin B. Jensen, Carolyn Jaussi
Herbarium Publications
At the First International Triticeae Symposium, Helsingborg, Sweden, July 29-August 2, 1991, the participants decided that subsequent meetings will be held every three years. Thus, the Second International Triticeae Symposium was held in Logan, Utah, U.S.A, June 20-24, 1994, with USDA Agricultural Research Service's Forage and Range Research Laboratory and Utah State University as hosts.
The purposes of the second symposium were: (I) to exchange the latest scientific information and advancements related to annual and perennial Triticeae species; (2) to promote the exchange of ideas for developing coordinated collaborative research; and (3) to provide an opportunity to see the biodiversity …