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Dating Anxiety And Paternal Dating Rules, Chad S. Brice
Dating Anxiety And Paternal Dating Rules, Chad S. Brice
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Dating anxiety is a specific type of social anxiety individuals experience in the presence of dating partners or potential dating partners that disrupts typical romantic development during adolescence. The etiological factors that contribute to dating anxiety have been less researched than other presentations of anxiety so the present research aimed to further explore potential contributors based on etiological factors related to other anxiety disorders. Many parent variables have been associated with anxiety disorders including parental anxiety, overcontrol, and fear-conditioning. In regard to dating, fathers have been shown to be more controlling and restrictive than mothers in their rule use. The …
Potential Empathy Deficits, Motivations, And Desistence In Traditional And Cyber Bullies, Colleen M. Keelan
Potential Empathy Deficits, Motivations, And Desistence In Traditional And Cyber Bullies, Colleen M. Keelan
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Bullying is a serious phenomenon that includes behaviors conducted in a variety of mediums, including face-to-face (i.e. traditional bullying) and through technology (i.e. cyberbullying). This study examined differences between traditional bullies and cyberbullies in empathy deficits, motivation to engage in bullying behavior, and reasons for desistence of bullying behavior. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to assess traditional bullying whereas the Internet Experience Questionnaire was used to assess cyberbullying. In a sample of 288 college students, there was no significant differences in total empathy, affective empathy, or cognitive empathy, between traditional bullies (N = 41), cyberbullies (N = 48), victims …
The Relationship Between Temperament And Facets Of Creativity, Clark Daniel Pinson
The Relationship Between Temperament And Facets Of Creativity, Clark Daniel Pinson
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The purported association between mental illness and creativity has been most heavily researched in individuals diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. The bipolar disorders have been conceptualized as a spectrum of disorders that range from problematic and labile affect to different types of temperament. Temperament has classically been defined as elements of personality that are heritable, stable, based on emotion, and uninfluenced by socio-cultural learning. Contemporary literature suggested that at least some aspects of creativity may be enhanced by an affective range that has been best characterized by the milder part of the bipolar spectrum of disorders. The primary inquiry of …
Treatment Of Nightmares Using Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: A Multiple Baseline Study, Michael R. Nadorff
Treatment Of Nightmares Using Imagery Rehearsal Therapy: A Multiple Baseline Study, Michael R. Nadorff
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Nightmares have been linked with several negative consequences, including death by suicide. Further, nightmare sufferers report that nightmares have a significant negative impact on their lives. To address this problem, several nightmare treatments have been studied, with Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) having the greatest amount of empirical support. However, there are many unanswered questions in regard to IRT, such as how quickly one may see an effect and whether or not there is a temporary increase in nightmares prior to a decrease. The current study aimed to address these questions by examining IRT using a non-concurrent multiple baseline design. Four …
Validation Of The Calgary Symptoms Of Stress Inventory (C-Sosi) For Predicting Adherence To A Stress Reduction Technique, Lauren M. Penwell
Validation Of The Calgary Symptoms Of Stress Inventory (C-Sosi) For Predicting Adherence To A Stress Reduction Technique, Lauren M. Penwell
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Stress is a ubiquitous aspect of modern life that has serious effects on mental and physical health. Many stress reduction techniques are currently available to help combat these effects but non-adherence to them is a significant barrier to their overall effectiveness. The aims of the current study were to: 1) validate the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory (C-SOSI), an instrument that classifies one's stress response profile, using traditional psychometric procedures as well as for predicting responses to a laboratory stress situation, and 2) explore the utility of this instrument for predicting adherence following training in a single stress reduction session …
Examination Of Mediational Models Of The Hostility-Health Link, Carol Goulet
Examination Of Mediational Models Of The Hostility-Health Link, Carol Goulet
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This study investigated health behavior as a possible mediator of the link between hostility and poor physical and psychological health. The relations of health behavior, character strength, and virtuous behavior to hostility and health were also examined. A sample of 689 undergraduate participants (69.4% female) completed a series of on-line assessments that measured hostility, physical health, psychological health, health behavior, social support, character strength, and virtuous behavior. Health behavior was examined and found to be a significant partial mediator of the relations between hostility and physical and psychological health. Furthermore, the results of multiple regressions revealed that gender, hostility, and …
Evaluation Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And A Standard Parenting Program Within A Women's State Prison Facility, Ashley B. Tempel
Evaluation Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And A Standard Parenting Program Within A Women's State Prison Facility, Ashley B. Tempel
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A majority of inmates in state and federal prisons across the U.S. have been reported to be parents of minors (Glaze & Maruschak, 2008). It is estimated that twice as many American children (i.e., 2% or over 1.7 million) compared to children of other industrialized countries have incarcerated parents (Murray, 2007). Approximately 336, 000 households with minor children are believed to be directly affected by parental imprisonment (Mumola, 2000). Parent training provided through correctional programming has potential to impact a large number of American families that are affected by parental incarceration. However, correctional parenting programs often vary across facilities and …
Behavior That Hurts: Theoretical Orientation, Terminology, And Diagnosis Of Self-Injury, Susannah C. Rowan Flamm
Behavior That Hurts: Theoretical Orientation, Terminology, And Diagnosis Of Self-Injury, Susannah C. Rowan Flamm
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Self-injurious behavior prevalence continues to rise in both adolescent and adult non-clinical populations and within adolescent and adult clinical populations. Despite a large volume of literature regarding the antecedents and functions of self-injury, exploration of clinician factors in regard to these clients is sparse. This study examined the associations among 346 doctoral level clinicians' theoretical orientations, preferred terminology to describe self-injurious behaviors, and preferred diagnoses for clients who engage in self-injury. Therapist variables such as age, years in practice, and gender were examined for their association with terminology and diagnostic preferences. Chi-square analyses were conducted for the two-way interactions and …
Differentiating Faking-Good Parents From Non-Faking Parents On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello
Differentiating Faking-Good Parents From Non-Faking Parents On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello
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Parental fitness evaluations remain common during child abuse investigations, as evidenced by the 19% of victims of maltreatment receiving an evaluation in 2007 in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). A "best practice" approach to parental fitness evaluations consists of using a comprehensive assessment including clinical interviews, risk assessment measures, and behavioral observation (Budd, 2001; 2005). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP; Milner, 1986) is one risk assessment measure that is often used during evaluations. Unfortunately, abuse risk at pre- and post-treatment as measured by the CAP may be confounded by faking-good responding from the …
Clinician Detection Of Depression In Late Life, Jeffrey J. Gregg
Clinician Detection Of Depression In Late Life, Jeffrey J. Gregg
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Depression in late life is associated with decreased cognitive functioning, increased social and functional impairment, and overall increased mortality. Because of these negative health implications, the accurate assessment of late-life depression is a critical public health issue. Prior research has consistently demonstrated that older adults typically seek and receive mental health services from general medical settings instead of mental health specialty clinics. Unfortunately, many studies have shown that primary care physicians often fail to recognize depression. In addition, older adults are less likely than younger adults to endorse symptoms of sadness or dysphoria. Those with cognitive impairment are also less …
Self-Reported Posttraumatic Stress And Borderline Personality Behaviors In Relation To Reports Of Traumatic Events, Attachment, Parental Behavior, And Social Support, Vanessa M. Jacoby
Self-Reported Posttraumatic Stress And Borderline Personality Behaviors In Relation To Reports Of Traumatic Events, Attachment, Parental Behavior, And Social Support, Vanessa M. Jacoby
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are conceptualized as different constructs in the DSM-IV, but research increasingly reveals an association among the symptoms of these disorders. Two relational models were examined: a Shared Risk Factor Model and a Continuum Model. In a sample of 603 college students, principle axis factoring of the Borderline Symptom List and PTSD Checklist showed minimal overlap in symptom presentation, partially supporting a Shared Risk Factor Model. Further support was established as regression analyses showed shared risk factors for reporting a greater number of BPD and PTSD behaviors, including experiencing at least one …
Pain And Suicide In A Population-Based Sample, Sarra Nazem
Pain And Suicide In A Population-Based Sample, Sarra Nazem
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Previous research suggests that individuals who experience chronic pain are at increased risk for suicidal behaviors. No studies, however, have specifically examined the association between headaches and fatal suicide behavior. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether gender moderates the relation between pain and suicide, and whether the relation is independent of the effects of depression. The present study aimed to characterize the relation between pain (headache, back, shoulder, and neck) and suicide. Data were obtained from two sources in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 42,928 individuals responded to headache questions in either 1967 or 1973 for the first data …
Dyadic Interaction: The Effects Of Controlling And Critical Behavior Versus Warm And Responsive Behavior On Participant Behavior And Emotional Response, Joanna T. Prout
Dyadic Interaction: The Effects Of Controlling And Critical Behavior Versus Warm And Responsive Behavior On Participant Behavior And Emotional Response, Joanna T. Prout
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Previous research has identified parental rejection and control as important factors in the development of childhood anxiety. However, information about the relationship between these constructs and child outcomes has been limited by ambiguous definition and difficulty in performing experimental manipulations. This study attempted to address these issues by examining self-reported anxiety and anxious behavior in 47 college undergraduates who interacted with either a warm- responsive partner or a critical-controlling partner during an origami task. Results showed that participant condition significantly impacted self report of anxiety-distress, anger-frustration, liking for partner, and desire to see partner again. Participants who interacted with a …
A Comparison Of White-Collar Offenders And Non-White-Collar Offenders On The Psychological Variables Of Personality, Criminal Thinking, And Psychopathy, Laurie Ragatz
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The first purpose of this study was to replicate Walters and Geyer (2004) by examining how white-collar offenders differ from non-white-collar offenders on criminal thinking styles and lifestyle criminality. The second purpose was to examine the psychopathic characteristics of white-collar offenders in comparison to non-white-collar offenders. The third purpose was to explore the psychopathology of white-collar offenders compared to non-white-collar offenders. The study sample included 48 white-collar only offenders (offenders that only committed white-collar crime), 89 white-collar versatile offenders (offenders that have previously committed non-white-collar crime), and 89 non-white-collar offenders. Groups were matched on age and ethnicity. All participants completed …
The Effects Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy On Symptoms And Impairment In Young Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Stephanie M. Wagner
The Effects Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy On Symptoms And Impairment In Young Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Stephanie M. Wagner
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an externalizing disorder beginning in childhood with symptoms and impairment persisting into adulthood for many individuals. Although ADHD is identifiable and diagnostically valid during the preschool years, the majority of the research has focused on treating school-aged children. Some research suggests that behavioral parent training (BPT) programs are efficacious in treating young children. Yet, results are inconsistent and previous research has methodological limitations that restrict interpretations of the data. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a widely-disseminated evidence-based BPT program for young children with disruptive behavior problems, incorporates components (e.g., in vivo coaching) that may be particularly effective …
The Impact Of State And Trait Anxiety On Performance In A Source Monitoring Task, Kristina M. Kania
The Impact Of State And Trait Anxiety On Performance In A Source Monitoring Task, Kristina M. Kania
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This study examined the impact of state anxiety (current emotional state) and trait anxiety (predisposition) on a source monitoring task. The unique question asked in this study was whether highly anxious people who are distressed following a stressful to-be-remembered event are better at source monitoring. Seventy-two undergraduates completed a measure of anxiety and then either received an anxious mood (n = 36) or mood stabilizing (n = 36) induction before viewing to-be-source monitored material. Participants then completed a source identification task in which they were asked to identify the source of the to-be-source monitored information. Participants high in state anxiety …
Contributing Factors To Health Anxiety In Older And Young Adults, Lindsay Gerolimatos
Contributing Factors To Health Anxiety In Older And Young Adults, Lindsay Gerolimatos
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Researchers have acknowledged overlap in features of health anxiety (HA) and the anxiety disorders. At present, little research on HA exists, especially in its less severe forms, and few studies have examined HA in older adults. Using self-report surveys, the present study examined how anxiety-related constructs contribute to HA in older and young adults and whether these variables differentially account for HA in both age groups. Results showed that young adults reported higher levels of HA than older adults. For both age groups, anxiety sensitivity accounted for illness likelihood and negative consequences, and intolerance of uncertainty contributed to negative consequences. …
Effects Of A Worry Induction On Heart Rate, Emotion And Self-Reported Arousal In Younger And Older Adults, Christine E. Gould
Effects Of A Worry Induction On Heart Rate, Emotion And Self-Reported Arousal In Younger And Older Adults, Christine E. Gould
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Anxiety disorders are the most frequently-diagnosed psychological disorder among older adults, with the exception of cognitive disorders. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders of older adults. However, the actual experience of worry, the hallmark symptom of GAD, is not well-understood among older adults. In the present study, older and younger adults participated in an experimental induction of worry or pleasant recall. After controlling for baseline age differences, older and younger adults did not differ in their ratings of worry intensity during the worry induction. An age difference in the experience of worry was found …
Comparison Of Parent-Child Interactions In Abusive And Control Families: An Observational Study, Jocelyn F. O. Stokes
Comparison Of Parent-Child Interactions In Abusive And Control Families: An Observational Study, Jocelyn F. O. Stokes
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This study sought to identify differences in caregiver-child interactions between caregivers with and without prior reports of child physical abuse. Data for the abuse group were made available for secondary analyses by the National Archive for Child Abuse and Neglect via Cornell University. Data for the comparison group were collected for a previous study at West Virginia University. For both studies, caregiver-child dyads participated in a 5---minute, videotaped observation in a situation in which the parent had to exert moderate control over the child. Data that had been coded using the Dyadic Parent---Child Interaction Coding System (Eyberg, et al., 1994; …
Emotional Pain And Acute Nociception, Alison M. Vargovich
Emotional Pain And Acute Nociception, Alison M. Vargovich
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This study examined differences and similarities in responses to acute nociception in adults with a significant history of emotional pain relative to matched controls with a significant past positive life experience and a sample of chronic pain patients. Using 28 volunteers who responded to advertisements (n = 14, emotional pain group; n = 14, positive life experience group), and 14 chronic pain patients from a prior study, this investigation utilized measures of pain threshold and tolerance during a laboratory finger pressure pain induction experiment. Each participant experienced two levels of pressure pain (i.e., high and low) and two levels of …
Evaluating The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test Ii As A Diagnostic Screening Instrument Among Clinically Referred Children And Adolescents, Linda R. Marnic
Evaluating The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test Ii As A Diagnostic Screening Instrument Among Clinically Referred Children And Adolescents, Linda R. Marnic
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This research was designed to investigate the diagnostic utility of the Bender Gestalt II (BGII) test using the Bender Global Scoring System (BGSS) and the Koppitz 2 scoring systems. The scores from these two systems were correlated with scores derived from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children, Present and Lifetime Edition (KSADS-PL+), a semistructured interview along with Longitudinal Evaluation of all Available Data (LEAD) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Of the 115 children and adolescents who initially participated in the study to assess the validity of the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt II test …
Emotional Intelligence And Facial Affect Recognition Among College Psychopaths Versus Controls, Rebecca L. Schwartz
Emotional Intelligence And Facial Affect Recognition Among College Psychopaths Versus Controls, Rebecca L. Schwartz
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This study had two purposes: to replicate research on facial affect recognition and to test for differences in emotional intelligence abilities between a college psychopathic and controls population. Two groups were formed based on Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised scores with the college psychopathic group scoring above the 75% cut off, and the controls below the 50% cut off. Forty-two college students completed questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised, the Bar-On EQ-i, and the Illegal Behavior Checklist. They also completed a facial affect recognition task. There were no significant differences between the psychopathic group and the control group on …
A Comparison Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And Treatment As Usual With Families With A History Of Child Abuse And Neglect And Intimate Partner Violence, Kimberly P. Foley
A Comparison Of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy And Treatment As Usual With Families With A History Of Child Abuse And Neglect And Intimate Partner Violence, Kimberly P. Foley
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Child abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are serious public health issues that need to be addressed. In 2005, a reported 899,000 children throughout the United States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico were the victims of either abuse or neglect resulting in the death of 1,460 children under 18-years-of-age (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2005). In the United States each year, adult women are subjected to over 5 million IPV incidences and which result in the death of approximately 1,300 women (APA, 2005). A meta-analysis of 31 studies conducted by Appel and Holden …
Goal Framing Of Health Related Behaviors: What Factors Contribute To The Persuasiveness Of A Message?, Sarah A. Stoner
Goal Framing Of Health Related Behaviors: What Factors Contribute To The Persuasiveness Of A Message?, Sarah A. Stoner
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There is evidence that the manner in which relevant information is framed can influence decisions that are based on that information. That is, information may be presented in a positive frame (i.e., describing benefits gained from engaging in behaviors) or in a negative frame (i.e., describing losses from not engaging in behaviors). The effect of information frame on older adults' decision to comply or not comply with health behavior recommendations is unclear due to a paucity of research. In an attempt to understand factors that influence older adult healthy behavior decision making, the current study examined variables that might predict …
The Role Of Autonomy In Suicidal Ideation Among Older Adults, Alisa A. O'Riley
The Role Of Autonomy In Suicidal Ideation Among Older Adults, Alisa A. O'Riley
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Although rates of death by suicide in older adults in the United States appear to be decreasing, older adults remain at higher risk for completed suicide than any other age group (Center for Disease Control, 2005). In looking at suicidal behavior in particular, several researchers (e.g. Caine & Conwell, 2001) have suggested that one important way one might begin to understand risk factors for suicide in late life is to identify distal factors that put older adults at risk for suicidal behavior. This study explicitly set out to examine one possible distal risk factor. That is, a strong emphasis on …
Prediction Of Response To Escitalopram Across Multiple Outcomes In Older Adult Gad Patients, Caroline M. Ciliberti
Prediction Of Response To Escitalopram Across Multiple Outcomes In Older Adult Gad Patients, Caroline M. Ciliberti
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Anxiety disorders are common in late-life and have detrimental effects of health and well-being (Stanley, Diefenbach, & Hopko, 2003; Wetherell et al., 2004). Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in late-life (Beekman et al., 1998). Beyond the diagnostic symptoms, older adults with anxiety disorders may present with a variety of physical symptoms (Palmer, Jeste, & Sheikh, 1997). As a result, GAD is a heterogeneous disorder. Empirically-supported treatments are available for late-life GAD, but little is known about how people with different constellations of presenting symptoms respond to treatment, and whether they differ according to the way …
Assessing The Psychometric Properties Of The Childbirth Stages Of Readiness Questionnaire (Csorq), Suzan Walsh Clemens
Assessing The Psychometric Properties Of The Childbirth Stages Of Readiness Questionnaire (Csorq), Suzan Walsh Clemens
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Women choose pharmacological approaches in addition to or in lieu of self-management to relieve childbirth pain for several reasons including availability, personal preference, medical necessity, and anticipation of high levels of pain during labor. When pain expectations result in (or are influenced by) pathologically high fear and anxiety during the antenatal period, a woman can suffer a myriad of negative effects that can include psychopathological status during pregnancy, a distressing birth experience, and postpartum distress. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Childbirth Stages of Readiness Questionnaire (CSORQ) for use in prenatal obstetrical care to identify women's stage …
Predicting Restoration Of Competence To Stand Trial: Demographic, Clinical, And Legal Variables, Tracy A. Thomas
Predicting Restoration Of Competence To Stand Trial: Demographic, Clinical, And Legal Variables, Tracy A. Thomas
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Introduction. Each year, a considerable number of defendants are referred for competency to stand trial evaluation. Of those judged incompetent to stand trial, a majority are regarded as having a significant likelihood of being restored to competency. While a majority of individuals are restored to competency after restoration treatment, others are deemed incompetent to stand trial and non-restorable. For individuals deemed non-restorable, a protracted stay in a forensic-psychiatric hospital or less-restrictive placement is the norm. This often lengthy period of inpatient commitment expends a great amount of staff and monetary resources. Rationale. In order that scarce monetary and staff resources …
The Influence Of Anxiety, Depression, And Negative Affect On Recall Of Dental Pain, Brandon N. Kyle
The Influence Of Anxiety, Depression, And Negative Affect On Recall Of Dental Pain, Brandon N. Kyle
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Research suggests mood can influence recall of emotionally-relevant information. Yet, despite multiple studies examining the association of anxiety and exaggerated prediction and recall of dental pain, the influence of other moods on prediction and recall of dental pain remains poorly investigated. Further, the potential moderation and mediation effects for dental fear, fear of pain, and mood state have not been properly researched. The present study investigated variables associated with predicted pain (pain expected during the dental procedure) and recalled pain in oral surgery patients. Data were provided by a sample of 157 patients undergoing tooth extraction under local anesthetic. Patients …
Factors Associated With Treatment Acceptance And Compliance Among Incarcerated Male Sex Offenders, Carl B. Clegg
Factors Associated With Treatment Acceptance And Compliance Among Incarcerated Male Sex Offenders, Carl B. Clegg
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The present study examined factors associated with acceptance and completion of treatment among incarcerated male sex offenders. The files of 156 sex offenders who had been offered treatment at a medium-security state prison were reviewed. Participants were divided into three groups: those who refused treatment from the outset (n = 59); those who began treatment, but later dropped-out or were expelled due to non-compliance ( n = 61); and those who completed treatment or were in an advanced stage of treatment and had never been non-compliant (n = 36). Data were collected for the following variables: age, education, race, marital …