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A Microtome Knife Cooler, Ray C. Friesner
A Microtome Knife Cooler, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
Artschwager described a cooling apparatus for handling paraffin ribbons during hot weather. Use of this device in our laboratory during the summer has proven highly satisfactory and at the same time it suggested to us the idea of using the same principle for keeping the knife blade cool while cutting. Accordingly, a copper box was made 12x6x4 inches, as shown in the accompanying figure. A suitable lid should be made from the same material. On the back of this box was soldered a narrow strip of copper, which was allowed to project approximately seven inches beyond the end of the …
Certain Aspects Of The H-Ion Concentration Of The Soils Of A Central Indiana River Bluff, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner
Certain Aspects Of The H-Ion Concentration Of The Soils Of A Central Indiana River Bluff, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
In a recent paper, Cain and Friesner (3) found that there was a relation between topography and the hydrogen-ion concentration of the soil. This work was done on certain hills in the Sycamore creek region, Morgan county, Indiana, where it was found that the acidity was greater on the hilltops and less in the intervening ravines, so that curves representing the degree of acidity of the soil at different points on a line crossing the hills were roughly parallel with the topography. The average acidity on three ridge tops was pH 5.3, while the adjacent ravine bottoms were practically neutral, …
Book Reviews
Butler University Botanical Studies
That biology is a unified subject, in contrast to botany and zoology as separate sciences, is continuing to make progress and its advocates are endeavoring to meet the pedagogical needs of teachers of various teaching views, is evidenced by the recent appearance of three new texts within the field. These texts are, Wheat and Fitzpatrick's "Advanced Biology"; Plunkett's "Outlines of Modern Biology"; and Scott's "Science of Biology."
A Study Of Fruit Diseases Occurring In A Mid-Western Market, George W. Fischer
A Study Of Fruit Diseases Occurring In A Mid-Western Market, George W. Fischer
Butler University Botanical Studies
Diseases occurring in a market represent to a fair degree the diseases of fruits and vegetables in the field, since, in the majority of cases, the diseases appearing and developing in the markets are but a delayed expression of infection which occurred in the field. Furthermore, since fruits and vegetables in the markets have been shipped in from various sections of the country as well as from foreign lands, the diseases of these plant products represent not only the phytopathological conditions of the local state or country, but also those of any other part of the world whence they came.
A Comparison Of Strip And Quadrat Analyses Of The Woody Plants On A Central Indiana River Bluff, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner, John E. Polzger
A Comparison Of Strip And Quadrat Analyses Of The Woody Plants On A Central Indiana River Bluff, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner, John E. Polzger
Butler University Botanical Studies
This report is concerned with the distribution of woody plants on certain river hills in central Indiana. The location is in the vicinity of Blue Bluffs on White river in Morgan county. Most hills, and particularly river hills of a hundred or more feet in height, show certain obvious differences in the woody plants at the top and the bottom. The relative abundance and evenness of distribution of different species, however, is hard to ascertain by ordinary observation, hence various methods of sampling are used to determine more exactly what are the distributional relationships of various species. Strip and sample …
Certain Floristic Affinities Of The Trees And Shrubs Of The Great Smoky Mountains And Vicinity, Stanley A. Cain
Certain Floristic Affinities Of The Trees And Shrubs Of The Great Smoky Mountains And Vicinity, Stanley A. Cain
Butler University Botanical Studies
It is widely admitted that the forests of eastern United States reach their culmination in the southern Appalachians, particularly in the Unaka range of North Carolina and Tennessee. It is in the mountains of this range that the greatest height east of the Rocky mountains is reached; in the Black mountains with Mt. Mitchell, the Craggy mountains and the Great Smoky mountains, with some forty peaks over 6,000 feet in altitude, and with Mt. Guyot and Clingman's Dome topping them all. Here on these lofty peaks (for many of them rise over a mile in altitude above their base), in …
Chromosome Numbers In Ten Species Of Quercus, With Some Remarks On The Contributions Of Cytology To Taxonomy, Ray C. Friesner
Chromosome Numbers In Ten Species Of Quercus, With Some Remarks On The Contributions Of Cytology To Taxonomy, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
It is becoming increasingly more apparent that for the solution of many of the difficult problems in the field of taxonomy, we must take into consideration the work of the cytologist. A very large number of what we may call cytological-taxonomic studies have appeared during the past decade. These have thrown much light upon such taxonomic problems as the origin, evolution , and relationship of a species within polymorphic genera; the determination of the limits of subgenera and of variable species with numerous supposed variations, and the probable relationship of supposed natural hybrids.
An Ecological Study Of The Heath Balds Of The Great Smoky Mountains, Stanley A. Cain
An Ecological Study Of The Heath Balds Of The Great Smoky Mountains, Stanley A. Cain
Butler University Botanical Studies
The inhabitants of the Great Smoky mountains usually refer to the heath communities under consideration as "slicks" or "balds." The former name is derived from the smooth appearance they present on the ridges and mountain tops when viewed from a distance and which is entirely misleading, for they are extremely rough and tangled. The name "bald" refers to the absence of trees, these areas being exclusively occupied by shrubs. The term "heath bald" is used in this paper to include all such treeless areas dominated by members of the order Ericales. The use of the term "heath" is not entirely …
Index V.1, 1929, Ray C. Friesner
Index V.1, 1929, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
Information about the publication, as well as a table of contents.
Key To Genera Of Ferns And Fern Allies, Ray C. Friesner
Key To Genera Of Ferns And Fern Allies, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
The keys to be found in the Manuals used for taxonomic study often require the student using them to have a greater knowledge of the species under than is obtainable from the specimen at hand. For example, the indusium regularly drops from the sorus in some genera when the fronds are young, while in other genera, indusia are never present. Examples of these are found, in the case of the former condition, in Cystopteris and Woodia, and in the case of the latter condition, in Polypodium and Phegopteris. How is the student just beginning taxonomic work on the ferns to …
Life-Forms And Biological Spectra Of The Flora Of Bacon's Swamp, Indiana, Alice Phillips
Life-Forms And Biological Spectra Of The Flora Of Bacon's Swamp, Indiana, Alice Phillips
Butler University Botanical Studies
During the nineteenth and the first part of the twentieth century no detailed statistical studies of vegetation in relation to climate had been devised. The work relating to the two was broad, general and superficial. Climatic formations of the world had been described and classified by plant geographers and early ecologists, as Schimper, Warming, Cowles and others. Work was done classifying regions as xerophytic, mesophytic or hydrophytic, but no methods had been published giving means of ascertaining in more detail the degree of xerophytism, mesophytism or hydrophytism. In 1909, C. Raunkiaer, of Copenhagen, Denmark, published a paper on "Life-Forms and …
Some Ecological Factors In Secondary Succession: Upland Hardwood. Ii. Soil Reaction And Plant Distribution In The Sycamore Creek Region, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner
Some Ecological Factors In Secondary Succession: Upland Hardwood. Ii. Soil Reaction And Plant Distribution In The Sycamore Creek Region, Stanley A. Cain, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
An examination of the vegetation of the Sycamore creek region would certainly warrant the assumption that soils of many of the ridge tops are decidedly acid, for there are a number of plant communities made up of notoriously acid-tolerant species. Conspicuous members of these communities are Vaccinium vacillans, V. stamineum, Gaylussacia baccata, Populus grandidentata, and various mosses, as Polytrichum juniperinum, Catherinea angustata, Leucobryum, Dicranum, etc. Since these communities are exclusively on the tops and upper slopes of the characteristically narrow ridges, it was thought desirable to investigate the extent of the hydrogen-ion concentration of these soils and to ascertain any …
The Genus Trillium In Indiana, Ray C. Friesner
The Genus Trillium In Indiana, Ray C. Friesner
Butler University Botanical Studies
The fact that members of the genus Trillium are quite variable is well borne out when one notes the number of reports of variations and teratological conditions in the literature. Such conditions make it important that more detailed critical study be made of members of the genus from the standpoint of their distribution and variation in smaller areas. Studies of the species occurring in wider areas were made by Gleason (19) and Gates (18). More detailed study of particular species in more restricted areas is of considerable value in adding light to the problem of species relationship and delimitation. Such …
The Relation Of Certain Ecological Factors To The Inhibition Of Forest Floor Herbs Under Hemlock, Rexford F. Daubenmire
The Relation Of Certain Ecological Factors To The Inhibition Of Forest Floor Herbs Under Hemlock, Rexford F. Daubenmire
Butler University Botanical Studies
In the region of Turkey Run State Park, Parke county, Indiana, there occurs an abundance of Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. In this locality the tree is to be found typically along the upper limits of precipitous creek bluffs and along the rims of the sandstone canyons,-- here it is the dominant plant in an edaphic climax. The Hemlock association is a codominant climax with the typical Beech-Maple climax of the region.