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Drivers Of Variability Of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide In Australia, Shyno Susan John

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

There remains much uncertainty in estimating and characterising the Southern Hemisphere’s atmospheric composition compared to the better explored Northern Hemisphere. This poses significant challenges for analysing and modelling short-lived tropospheric trace gases, especially carbon monoxide (CO). Due to limited influence from anthropogenic emissions, compared to the Northern Hemisphere, sites studied in the southern hemisphere show that carbon monoxide tends to be affected by a balance of long-range transport, secondary organic production and removal via its primary sink, the hydroxyl radical (OH). This PhD thesis is focused on using a combination of ground-based and satellite-based measurements and chemical transport modelling to …

Molecular Modelling Studies Into Amiloride Analogues As Inhibitors Of Human Urokinase Plasminogen Activator And Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger 1, Nehad Soliman Hassan Ali Elsalamouny

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

The well-known oral K+-sparing diuretic amiloide displays antitumor and antimetastatic side-activities in rodent models, which have been attributed to moderate dual-inhibition of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) enzyme and the membrane protein human sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (hNHE1).

Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationships Of New Antibacterials Against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Hiwa H. Majed

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Before the discovery of antibiotics, bacterial infections were a major cause of human death and suffering. The latter half of the 20th saw the the ‘Golden Era’ of antibiotic discovery, where a large number of new drugs were introduced for routine clinical use, leading to countless lives saved. However, the widespread use (and misuse) of antibiotics has led to an alarming increase in human pathogenic bacteria that have become resistant to many, and in some cases all, antibiotic treatments. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now widely recognised as one of the preeminent challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Central to …

Desymmetrization Reactions Of Indigo With Grignard Reagents For The Synthesis Of Selective Antiplasmodial [1 H,3′ H]-3-Aryl-2,2′-Diindol-3′-Ones, Nicholas Butler, John B. Bremner, Anthony C. Willis, Leonardo Lucantoni, Vicky M. Avery, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

The nucleophilic addition of organomagnesium and organolithium species to the cheap and robust natural dye indigo led to desymmetrization of the heterocyclic nucleus via a Grignard addition-dehydration procedure. Twenty-seven diversely functionalized [1H,3′H]-3-substituted 2,2′-diindol-3′-ones were synthesized by this methodology, with several showing submicromolar inhibition and exquisite selectivity against P. falciparum parasites (3D7 and Dd2 strains) in vitro. This work demonstrates the utility of indigo dye as a highly versatile scaffold for the synthesis of structurally diverse, bioactive heterocycles.

Old Dye, New Tricks – Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Of Heterocycles From Cascade Reactions Of Indigo, Nicholas Matthew Butler

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of The Reactivity Of The Cytosine-5-Yl Radical Ion Using Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Tassiani Sarretto

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Nucleobases play a significant biological role in DNA and RNA. Since the discovery that halogenated pyrimidines act as a good sensitizer for radiotherapy, the attention on 5-halouracil has increased, however the photoreactivity of cytosine and its derivatives has not been investigated. This study presents, for the first time, the highly selective generation of the cytosine-5-yl radical ion obtained by photodissociation of halogenated precursors. Using a modified linear ion trap mass spectrometer, gas-phase reactions and product channels are presented and mechanisms of possible pathways of photodissociation are discussed for reactions between the radical ion with molecular oxygen and unsaturated hydrocarbons including, …

Reactions Of Dehydro-N-Pyridinium With Small Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, Cameron C. Bright

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Small nitrogen containing heteroaromatics are fundamental building blocks for many biological molecules, including the DNA nucleotides. Pyridine, as a prototypical Nheteroaromatic, has been implicated in the chemical evolution of many extraterrestrial environments, including the atmosphere of Titan. This thesis describes reactions of the three dehydro-N-pyridinium radical cation isomers with a set of small, unsaturated hydrocarbons: propene, acetylene, ethene and propyne. These reactions were chosen due to their possible involvement in molecular-weight growth processes, and in the synthesis of complex organics in space. Mass spectrometric techniques are used to acquire product mass spectra, measure product branching ratios and calculate second-order rate …

Potential For Identifying Plant-Based Toxins On San Hunter-Gatherer Arrowheads, Madelien Wooding, Justin Bradfield, Vinesh Maharaj, Dwayne Koot, Lyn Wadley, Linda C. Prinsloo, Marlize Lombard

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The antiquity of the use of hunting poisons has received much attention in recent years. In this paper we present the results of a pilot study designed to detect the presence of organic compounds, typically of less than 1200 Da, from poisonous plants that may have been used as hunting poisons in the past. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography connected to a Synapt G2 high-resolution MS-QTOF mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to provisionally identify plant-based toxins present in (1) extracts of fresh plant material, (2) a blind control recipe consisting of three plant ingredients and (3) a Hei||om arrow poison of unknown …

The Organic Chemistry Of The Charophytes Chara And Lamprothamnium And Their Degradation Products, Beleed Saleh

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016

Charophytes (stoneworts) have a fossil record since the late Silurian, and are therefore especially interesting from a biogeochemical point of view. They are commonly abundant in many modern and ancient non-marine lakes, and are among the closest living relatives to the higher plants. Charophytes possess highly specialised reproductive organs producing oospores (zygote and surrounding organic walls), which in some taxa are able to precipitate a calcareous shell (egg case) called a gyrogonite. The latter can easily fossilise, while the oospores usually decay, although they are common in more recent sediments. However, our knowledge of charophyte and oospore organic chemistry is …

Studies On The Synthesis Of The Pyrido-Azepine Stemona Alkaloids, Xuan Duc Dau

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016

The main aim of this project was to develop a new synthetic methodology towards the total synthesis of the pentacyclic Stemona alkaloid stemocurtisine by first preparation of a tricyclic A-B-C ring precursor and then its tetracyclic ether derivative by an oxidative photolysis reaction.

In Chapter 2, we report our efforts to construct the A-ring of stemocurtisine using three different synthetic strategies. Synthetic strategy 1 failed due to unexpected ring opening of the hemiaminal product formed from the reactions between alkynyl Grignard reagents and a glutarimide derivative. Synthetic strategy 2 was not efficient due to the unsucessful conversion of a terminal …

Enhancing The Secondary-Tertiary Transition In Chemistry Through Formative Assessment And Self-Regulated Learning Environments, Gwen Lawrie, Chantal Bailey, Aaron Micallef, A R. Wright, Timothy Dargaville, Madeleine Schultz, Roy Tasker, Mark Williams, Simon B. Bedford, Glennys A. O'Brien

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

It is desirable to enhance student learning trajectories between their secondary and tertiary studies while simultaneously encouraging them to take responsibility for their learning early in their tertiary studies. Their preparedness for tertiary studies in their discipline can be measured using diagnostic tests and this enables standards-based benchmarking as students progress through their tertiary program. Concept inventories have been used extensively for this purpose. A more desirable goal, however, is to use the outcomes of diagnostic testing to provide students with opportunities to improve their learning through formative feedback and self-regulated learning activities. We aim to design and implement modular, …

Rapid Cascade Synthesis Of Poly-Heterocyclic Architectures From Indigo, Alireza Shakoori Ghasabi, John Bremner, Anthony C. Willis, Rachada Haritakun, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The base-induced propargylation of the dye indigo results in the rapid and unprecedented one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized representatives of the pyrazino[1,2-a:4,3-a′]diindole, pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b′]diindole and benzo[b]indolo[1,2-h]naphthyridine heterocyclic systems, with the last two reflecting the core skeleton of the anticancer/antiplasmodial marine natural products fascaplysin and homofascaplysins and a ring B-homologue, respectively. The polycyclic compounds 6–8, whose structures were confirmed through single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, arise from sequential inter/intramolecular substitution–addition reactions, and in some cases, ring rearrangement reactions. Preliminary studies on controlling the reaction path selectivity, and the potential reaction mechanisms, are also described. Initial biological activity studies with these new heterocyclic derivatives …

Using Formative Feedback To Identify And Support First Year Chemistry Students With Missing Or Misconceptions. A Practice Report, Gwen Lawrie, Anthony Wright, Madeleine Schultz, Timothy Dargaville, Glennys O'Brien, Simon B. Bedford, Mark Williams, Roy Tasker, Hayden Dickson, Christopher Thompson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Students entering tertiary studies possess a diverse range of prior experiences in their academic preparation for tertiary chemistry so academics need tools to enable them to respond to issues in diversity in conceptual models possessed by entering students. Concept inventories can be used to provide formative feedback to help students identify concepts that they need to address to improve construction of subsequent understanding enabling their learning. Modular, formative learning activities that can be administered inside or outside of class in first year chemistry courses have been developed. These activities address key missing and mis-conceptions possessed by incoming student. Engagement in …

Geochemistry & Mineralogy Of Fluvial Sediments In The Southern Alps, New Zealand, Emma Marie Kiekebosch‐Fitt

Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses

Silicate weathering acts as a global sink for the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In order to understand long‐term climate change and the fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is paramount to investigate the regulators of chemical weathering. The controls of rainfall and uplift have been reported to either enhance or inhibit the extent of chemical weathering, and therefore their relationship is still being highly debated in literature. Investigation of this relationship in the Southern Alps of New Zealand has been modest in comparison to the Himalayas. These studies have either focused on solute geochemistry of rivers, and therefore do not …

Constraints On Instantaneous Ozone Production Rates And Regimes During Domino Derived Using In-Situ Oh Reactivity Measurements, V Sinha, J Williams, J M. Diesch, F Drewnick, M Martinez, H Harder, E Regelin, Dagmar Kubistin, H Bozem, Z Hosaynali-Beygi, H Fischer, M D. Andres-Hernandez, D Kartal, J A. Adame, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In this study air masses are characterized in terms of their total OH reactivity which is a robust measure of the "reactive air pollutant loading". The measurements were performed during the DOMINO campaign (Diel Oxidant Mechanisms In relation to Nitrogen Oxides) held from 21/11/2008 to 08/12/2008 at the Atmospheric Sounding Station - El Arenosillo (37.1° N-6.7° W, 40 m a.s.l.). The site was frequently impacted by marine air masses (arriving at the site from the southerly sector) and air masses from the cities of Huelva (located NW of the site), Seville and Madrid (located NNE of the site). OH reactivity …

Predicting The Response Of Coastal Wetlands Of Southeastern Australia To Sea-Level Rise, Kerrylee Rogers, Neil Saintilan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Coastal saltmarsh is an endangered ecological community in New South Wales and sea-level rise has been listed as a key threatening process. Over the previous five decades moderate rates of sea-level rise have coincided with the invasion of saltmarsh by mangrove. Surface elevation tables (SETs) were installed in 12 coastal wetlands in Southeastern Australia to establish elevation and accretion trajectories for comparisons with mangrove encroachment of saltmarsh and sea-level rise. SETs confirmed that the elevational response of wetlands is more complex than accretion alone and elevation changes may also be attributed to below-ground processes that alter the soil volume such …

Asymmetric Synthesis Of Polyfunctionalized Pyrrolidines And Related Alkaloids, Stephen G. Pyne, Andrew S. Davis, Nicole Gates, Joseph Hartley, Karl Lindsay, Theeraphan Machan, Minyan Tang

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This account describes our recent studies on the development of a general method of preparing polyfunctionalized pyrrolidine, indolizidine, pyrrolizidine and pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepines and their related alkaloids.

University Of Wollongong Campus News 7 April 1987, University Of Wollongong

University of Wollongong Campus News

No abstract provided.

University Of Wollongong Campus News October 1980, University Of Wollongong

University of Wollongong Campus News

No abstract provided.

University Of Wollongong Campus News 11 April 1980, University Of Wollongong

University of Wollongong Campus News

No abstract provided.