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Made In Chinatown: Chinese Furniture Factories In Australia, 1880–1930, Peter Charles Gibson

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

This thesis explores Chinese furniture factories operating in Australia over the period from 1880 to 1930, concentrating on Sydney and Melbourne. Established in the wake of the Australian gold rushes of the 1850s and 1860s by migrants from the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong and their descendants, these factories became an integral part of Australia’s furniture industry. Owing to a vision of Australia as a bastion of ‘white’ industry and labour, Chinese furniture factories became the focus of numerous racialised political campaigns and legislative restrictions. This thesis is an examination of how Chinese furniture manufacturers and workers navigated these conditions. …

A Mixed Methods Investigation Of The Factors Influencing High Sugar Intake Among Australian Adults, Adyya Gupta

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

High sugar intake is a public health concern globally. Understanding the determinants of high sugar intake is critical for identifying strategies to tackle this problem. Thus, this PhD project intended to explore the determinants of high sugar intake among adults in Australia. The study had two aims: 1) to identify the impact of individuallevel factors, particularly knowledge and attitudes, on sugar intake, and 2) to explore the factors contributing to high sugar intake among Australian adults using mixed methods approach. I conducted four studies - a systematic review, a quantitative study, a qualitative study and a policy study to address …

Roadside Moss Turfs In South East Australia Capture More Particulate Matter Along An Urban Gradient Than A Common Native Tree Species, Alison M. Haynes, Robert Popek, Mitchell Boles, Clare Paton-Walsh, Sharon A. Robinson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Urbanisation largely consists of removing native vegetation. Plants that remain interact with air quality in complex ways. Pollutants can be detrimental to plant growth; plants sometimes reduce air quality, yet some species also improve it through phytoremediation. A common pollutant of concern to human health in urban areas is particulate matter (PM), small particles of solid or liquid. Our study compared roadside moss turfs with leaves of a common Australian tree species, Pittosporum undulatum, in their ability to capture PM along an urban gradient. We sampled nine sites, three in each of three levels of urbanisation: low, medium, and high …

Modelling Of Greenhouse Gases In Australia And The Globe On Multiple Scales, Beata Bukosa

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Carbon greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere have grown dramatically over the last 250 years, with resulting impacts for climate and a large potential to affect human health (Stott et al., 2004; Robine et al., 2008). Several of these gases have an atmospheric lifetime from decades to centuries, taking a long time to overcome any perturbation caused by anthropogenic changes (Watson et al., 1990). Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases is essential for predicting greenhouse gas-climate feedback processes, their impacts on climate variability and change, as well to minimise the negative effects that these changes have …

Diversity And Abundance Of Intertidal Zone Sponges On Rocky Shores Of Southern Nsw, Australia: Patterns Of Distribution, Environmental Impacts And Ecological Interactions, Caroline Cordonis Borges Da Silva

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Sponges (Porifera) are among the most diverse and important components of sessile benthic communities. Sponge communities have a global range of distribution occupying a diverse array of aquatic habitats. They also play a range of ecological roles thus contributing to ecosystem functioning. Although the scientific evidence strongly supports the significance and widespread nature of these functional roles, sponges remain underappreciated in marine systems. This is the first study that identifies the sponge assemblage and investigates in detail the patterns of distribution and abundance of sponge taxa on rocky reef habitats of southeastern Australia. It is also one of the few …

Simultaneous Shipborne Measurements Of Co2, Ch4 And Co And Their Application To Improving Greenhouse-Gas Flux Estimates In Australia, Beata Bukosa, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Jenny A. Fisher, Dagmar C. Kubistin, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T Griffith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Quantitative understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases is essential for predicting greenhouse-gas-climate feedback processes and their impacts on climate variability and change. Australia plays a significant role in driving variability in global carbon cycling, but the budgets of carbon gases in Australia remain highly uncertain. Here, shipborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurements collected around Australia are used together with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to analyse the variability of three direct and indirect carbon greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Using these measurements, we provide an updated distribution of these gases. …

Satellite And Ground-Based Measurements Of Xco2 In A Remote Semiarid Region Of Australia, Voltaire A. Velazco, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Isamu Morino, Osamu Uchino, Beata Bukosa, Masataka Ajiro, Akihide Kamei, Nicholas B. Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh, David W. T Griffith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

In this study, we present ground-based measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs) of CO2 (or XCO2) taken in a semiarid region of Australia with an EM27/SUN portable spectrometer equipped with an automated clamshell cover. We compared these measurements to space-based XCO2 retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Side-by-side measurements of EM27/SUN with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) instrument at the University of Wollongong were conducted in 2015-2016 to derive an XCO2 scaling factor of 0.9954 relative to TCCON. Although we found a slight drift of 0.13 % over 3 months in the calibration curve of …

Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured In An Urban Environment In Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Frances A. Phillips, Travis A. Naylor, Hugh I. Forehead, David W. T Griffith, John Kirkwood, Clare Paton-Walsh

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a major health risk in urban settings. Ammonia (NH3) from vehicle exhaust is an under-recognised ingredient in the formation of inorganic PM and there remains a shortage of data to properly quantify the role of NH3 from vehicles in PM formation. An Open-path Fourier transform infra-red (OP-FTIR) spectrometer measured atmospheric NH3, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temporal resolution (5 min) in Western Sydney over 11 months. The oxides of nitrogen (NO2 and NO; NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were measured at an adjacent air quality monitoring station. NH3 levels were maxima …

Consumer Understanding And Culinary Use Of Legumes In Australia, Natalie Figueira, Felicity Curtain, Eleanor J. Beck, Sara J. Grafenauer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

While health benefits of legume consumption are well documented, intake is well below recommendations in many Western cultures, and little is known regarding culinary use and consumer understanding of these foods. This study aimed to investigate consumption, knowledge, attitudes, and culinary use of legumes in a convenience sample of Australians. An online computer-based survey was used to gather data and demographic characteristics. Respondents (505 individuals answered in full or in part) were regular consumers of legumes (177/376 consumed legumes 2-4 times weekly). Chickpeas, green peas, and kidney beans were most often consumed, and were made into most commonly Mexican, then …

Opportunities And Challenges To Improving Antibiotic Prescribing Practices Through A One Health Approach: Results Of A Comparative Survey Of Doctors, Dentists And Veterinarians In Australia, Annie Zhuo, Maurizio Labbate, Jacqueline M. Norris, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert, Michael P. Ward, Beata Bajorek, Christopher J. Degeling, Samantha J. Rowbotham, Angus Dawson, Ky-Anh Nguyen, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, T C. Sorrell, Merran Govendir, Alison M. Kesson, Jon Iredell, Dale Dominey-Howes

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: To explore and compare the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of doctors, dentists and veterinarians (as prescribers) in relation to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance (AbR), and to consider the implications of these for policy-making that support a One Health approach. Design: A cross-sectional survey conducted online. Setting: Doctors, dentists and veterinarians practising in primary, secondary or tertiary care in Australia. Participants: 547 doctors, 380 dentists and 403 veterinarians completed the survey. Main outcome measures: Prescribers' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of AbR, the extent to which a range of factors are perceived as barriers to appropriate prescribing practices, and perceived …

Shores: Sharks, Nets And More-Than-Human Territory In Eastern Australia, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In Australia, for eight months of each year Sydney's most popular beaches are laced with fishing nets. Stretching 150 metres (492 feet) across, and set within 500 metres (1,640 feet) of the shore, the nets are anchored off fifty-one beaches between Newcastle in the north and Wollongong in the south. The aim of the Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program NSW is to reduce the risk of dangerous encounters between sharks and people, and specifically to deter sharks from establishing territories (Department of Primary Industries NSW 2009, 2015). Program managers achieve such ends by devising and deploying tools and employing people …

Tracking The 10be-26al Source-Area Signal In Sediment-Routing Systems Of Arid Central Australia, Martin Struck, John D. Jansen, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Alexandru Tiberiu Codilean, David Fink, Reka H. Fulop, Klaus M. Wilcken, David M. Price, Steven Kotevski, L Keith Fifield, John Chappell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sediment-routing systems continuously transfer information and mass from eroding source areas to depositional sinks. Understanding how these systems alter environmental signals is critical when it comes to inferring source-area properties from the sedimentary record. We measure cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al along three large sediment-routing systems ( ∼  100 000 km2) in central Australia with the aim of tracking downstream variations in 10Be-26Al inventories and identifying the factors responsible for these variations. By comparing 56 new cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in stream sediments with matching data (n =  55) from source areas, we show that 10Be-26Al inventories in hillslope bedrock …

Normative Data For Children And Adolescents Referred For Specialist Pain Management In Australia, Hilarie Tardif, Megan B. Blanchard, Meredith P. Bryce, Janelle M. White

Australian Health Services Research Institute

This paper aims to provide normative data for the PaedePPOC measures used by specialist paediatric pain management services. This information will provide a description of the children and adolescents referred for specialist pain management in Australia during the period from January 2014 to June 2018, allowing pain management services to compare scores for individuals seen at their service to these group values.

Island-Hopping Study Shows The Most Likely Route The First People Took To Australia, Kasih Norman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The First Australians were among the world's earliest great ocean explorers, undertaking a remarkable 2,000km maritime migration through Indonesia which led to the discovery of Australia at least 65,000 years ago. But the voyaging routes taken through Indonesia's islands, and the location of first landfall in Australia, remain a much debated mystery to archaeologists. Our research, published earlier this year in Quaternary Science Reviews, highlights the most likely route by mapping islands in the region over time through changing sea levels.

Using Strategic Culture To Understand Participation In Expeditionary Operations: Australia, Poland, And The Coalition Against The Islamic State, Fredrik Doeser, Joakim Eidenfalk

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

This article investigates how strategic culture influenced the decision-making of Australia and Poland regarding the global coalition against the Islamic State. In the coalition, Australia has followed its tradition of active participation in United States-led operations, while Poland has embarked on a more cautious line, thereby breaking with its previous policy of active participation. The article examines how Australian and Polish responses to the coalition were shaped by five cultural elements: dominant threat perception, core task of the armed forces, strategic partners, experiences of participating in coalitions of the willing, and approach to the international legality of expeditionary operations. It …

Rabies Response, One Health And More-Than-Human Considerations In Indigenous Communities In Northern Australia, Christopher J. Degeling, Victoria Brookes, Tess Lea, Michael P. Ward

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Australia is currently canine rabies free; however, the spread of rabies in eastern Indonesia poses an increasing risk to northern Australia. Domestic dogs are numerous in East Arnhem Land (EAL) and the Northern Peninsular Area (NPA), usually unrestrained and living in close relationships with humans. The response to any rabies outbreak on Australian territory will focus on dog vaccination, controlling dog movements and depopulation. A One Health approach to zoonotic disease control should seek to co-promote human and animal health, whilst also seeking to accommodate the preferences of affected communities. We report on 5 collaborative workshops and 28 semi-structured interviews …

Finding Their Voice: Singing And Teaching With Refugees In Australia, Skye Playsted

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Finding A Space For Women: The British Medical Association And Women Doctors In Australia, 1880-1939, Louella R. Mccarthy

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This paper examines the experiences of women in one professional organisation - the British Medical Association in Australia - during a significant period in the development of such bodies. In doing so it offers an opportunity to consider the relationship between professional societies and the construction of a gendered profession. For the medical profession in particular the time-frame of this study, from the 1880s to the 1930s, has been regarded by scholars as especially important. In this period various features of medical professionalism came to prominence: the status and authority of doctors, the processes of formally registering medical credentials, and …

Relation Of Child, Caregiver, And Environmental Characteristics To Childhood Injury In An Urban Aboriginal Cohort In New South Wales, Australia, Katherine Thurber, Leonie Burgess, Kathleen Falster, Emily Banks, Holger Moller, Rebecca Q. Ivers, Chris T. Cowell, Vivian Isaac, Deanna Kalucy, Peter Fernando, Cheryl Woodall, Kathleen F. Clapham

Australian Health Services Research Institute

Objective: Despite being disproportionately affected by injury, little is known about factors associated with injury in Aboriginal children. We investigated factors associated with injury among urban Aboriginal children attending four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: We examined characteristics of caregiver-reported child injury, and calculated prevalence ratios of 'ever-injury' by child, family, and environmental factors. Results: Among children in the cohort, 29% (n=373/1,303) had ever broken a bone, been knocked out, required stitches or been hospitalised for a burn or poisoning; 40-78% of first injuries occurred at home and 60-91% were treated in hospital. Reported …

Normative Data For Adults Referred For Specialist Pain Management In Australia, Hilarie Tardif, Megan B. Blanchard, Janelle M. White, Meredith P. Bryce

Australian Health Services Research Institute

Nicholas and colleagues have developed an extensive normative dataset for a range of assessment tools used in pain management services. The present paper aims to provide normative data for the measures used in the ePPOC minimum dataset for a large cohort of adults referred to pain management services throughout Australia. This information will provide a description of the people seeking specialist pain management in Australia during the period 2014-17, and allow pain management services to compare scores for individuals seen at their service to these group values.

A Geographical Investigation Of Factors Affecting The Number Of Plants On Northern And Southern Sand Cays Of The Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Sarah Hamylton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Geography plays an important role in the distribution of plants on islands. This is in part because of the diversity of places and associated environmental conditions in which the islands are located, but also because of how islands are positioned with respect to one another. This relative positioning enters explicitly into island biogeographical character and can be expressed through spatial models. Over the past 20 years, spatial techniques for the empirical analysis of biological datasets have been increasingly applied to investigate biogeographical phenomena, particularly toward a better understanding of spatially structured underlying causative factors. These might include dispersal and competition, …

Nutrition And Food Systems Education For Secondary School Students In Australia And Iran, Sanaz Sadegholvad

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Introduction: The need to improve consumers’ knowledge of nutrition has been raised in literature. However, few studies have encompassed the broad range of important nutrition and food systems (N&FS) issues that affect population health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Also not well explored is the most efficient and effective N&FS education strategies.

Objectives: This research project aimed to explore the perspectives of prominent Australian and Iranian food professionals regarding: 1) essential N&FS knowledge issues for secondary school students, 2) gaps in Australian and Iranian school-leavers’ knowledge of N&FS and 3) effective strategies to improve school-leavers’ knowledge of N&FS.

Methods: Semi-structured …

Marine Environmental Impact Assessment: Considering Cumulative And Synergistic Impacts Within The Australian Legal Framework, Anna Grage

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

This thesis examines the shortcomings and challenges for Australian marine environmental impact assessment (EIA) legal frameworks to consider and assess cumulative and synergistic impacts, as distinct impact types, from large-scale marine use and development. The thesis aims to identify how the legal frameworks and requirements can be improved to enable better consideration and assessment of these impact types. Emphasis is given to the legal frameworks for marine environmental assessment: EIA and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). In particular, the thesis examines the different characteristics of cumulative and synergistic impacts, and how they are typically defined to be the same type of …

Of Cats And Wogs: ‘Translating’ The Migrant Experience Through 20th Century Crónicas In Spanish- Language Newspapers In Australia, Catherine H. Seaton

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

This thesis focuses on a selection of newspaper crónicas published in the Spanish-language migrant press in Australia during the early to mid 1990s. Although published here for decades, crónicas are a form of multicultural writing that remain practically unknown to Australian literary scholarship. Crónicas are frequently written in a humorous style, offering a rich commentary on a variety of aspects of daily life. They voice the experiences and challenges faced by migrants as they adapt to the changed circumstances that accompany relocation.

My dissertation analyses columns by three Hispanic crónica writers, or cronistas: Clara Espinosa, Luis (Lucho) Abarca and …

Geoinformatics Vulnerability Predictions Of Coastal Ecosystems To Sea-Level Rise In Southeastern Australia, Ali K. Al-Nasrawi, Sarah Hamylton, Brian G. Jones, Carl A. Hopley, Yasir M. Alyazichi

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Coastlines are dynamic environments, with their Eco-geomorphology controlled by a complex range of natural and anthropic processes. Estuarine environments and associated wetland ecosystems are a critical shoreline types with regards to biodiversity, and are particularly susceptible to the influence of sea-level rise. This project applied future sea-level rise of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) hydro-scenarios to assess its impact on the eco-geomorphic aspects of coastal ecosystems in terms of risk assessment and sustainability. Comerong Island is used as a case study and is compared with other surrounding ocean-influenced and lagoonal deltas to assess the regional effects of sea-level rise. …

Super Behaviour: A Note On Young Australian Adults’ Engagement With Their Superannuation Accounts, Malcolm Anderson, Martin Clark, Ian Ramsay, Chander Shekhar

Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal

We examine the behaviour and attitudes towards superannuation of 25-34 year old Australians. Our results suggest that they are generally uninterested in their superannuation accounts. They seldom read the information provided by their funds, rarely change their fund, and a majority of them do not make voluntary contributions. Overall the results suggest significant lack of interest in, and engagement and concern with issues related to their retirement planning.

Australia Is Facing A Housing Affordability Crisis: Is The Solution To This Problem The Singapore Model Of Housing?, John Mclaren, Allan Yeo, Michael Sweet

Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal

Australia is pricing young buyers out of the housing market. Unfortunately, debt-free home ownership in the retirement years is a key part of the Australian welfare system. This paper provides one possible solution to the current housing predicament of Australia. In doing so, the paper examines the housing strategy in Singapore, where residents are provided with accommodation at a reasonable cost. This strategy is examined and translated for use in Australia. In conclusion the paper proposes that the Singapore model of home ownership is worthy of consideration by the government of Australia.

Movement Of Lithics By Trampling: An Experiment In The Madjedbebe Sediments, Northern Australia, Benjamin Marwick, Elspeth Hayes, Christopher Clarkson, Richard Fullagar

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Understanding post-depositional movement of artefacts is vital to making reliable claims about the formation of archaeological deposits. Human trampling has long been recognised as a contributor to post-depositional artefact displacement. We investigate the degree to which artefact form (shape-and-size) attributes can predict how an artefact is moved by trampling. We use the Zingg classification system to describe artefact form. Our trampling substrate is the recently excavated archaeological deposits from Madjedbebe, northern Australia. Madjedbebe is an important site because it contains early evidence of human activity in Australia. The age of artefacts at Madjedbebe is contentious because of the possibility of …

Societal Perspective On Access To Publicly Subsidised Medicines: A Cross Sectional Survey Of 3080 Adults In Australia, Lesley Chim, Glenn P. Salkeld, Patrick J. Kelly, Wendy Lipworth, Dyfrig A. Hughes, Martin R. Stockler

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Around the world government agencies responsible for the selection and reimbursement of prescribed medicines and other health technologies are considering how best to bring community preferences into their decision making. In particular, community views about the distribution or equity of funding across the population. These official committees and agencies often have access to the best available and latest evidence on clinical effectiveness, safety and cost from large clinical trials and population-based studies. All too often they do not have access to high quality evidence about community views. We therefore, conducted a large and representative population-based survey in Australia to …

Relationship Between Indoor Air Temperatures And Energy Bills For Low Income Homes In Australia, Clayton Mcdowell, Georgios Kokogiannakis, Laia Ledo Gomis, Paul Cooper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Energy poverty is a prevalent issue in Australia and other countries across the globe especially for people with a low income. This paper seeks to investigate the relationship of energy consumption and indoor air temperatures and is separated into 3 sections; a comparison of actual electricity consumption to energy benchmarks provided by the Australian Energy Regulator, monitoring results of living room air temperature for the winter of 2015, and an analysis of living room air temperatures versus electricity consumption. The results of a comparison of electricity consumption of 119 low income elderly peoples (60+) dwellings to that of the energy …