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Neighborhood Environment And Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity In Serious Mental Illness, Ramya Walsan, Xiaoqi Feng, Darren J. Mayne, Nagesh B. Pai, Andrew D. Bonney

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in serious mental illness (SMI). We investigated associations of neighborhood-level crime, accessibility to health care services, availability of green spaces, neighborhood obesity, and fast food availability with SMI-T2D comorbidity. Method: A series of multilevel logistic regression models accounting for neighborhood-level clustering were used to examine the associations between 5 neighborhood variables and SMI-T2D comorbidity, sequentially adjusting for individual-level variables and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Results: Individuals with SMI residing in areas with higher crime rates per 1000 population had 2.5 times …

Exploring The Geography Of Serious Mental Illness And Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity In Illawarra-Shoalhaven, Australia (2010 -2017), Ramya Walsan, Darren J. Mayne, Nagesh B. Pai, Xiaoqi Feng, Andrew D. Bonney

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to describe the geography of serious mental illness (SMI)-type 2 diabetes comorbidity (T2D) in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of NSW, Australia. The Secondary objective was to determine the geographic concordance if any, between the comorbidity and the single diagnosis of SMI and diabetes. Methods Spatial analytical techniques were applied to clinical data to explore the above objectives. The geographic variation in comorbidity was determined by Moran's I at the global level and the local clusters of significance were determined by Local Moran's I and spatial scan statistic. Choropleth hotspot maps and spatial scan …

The An-Acc Assessment Model. The Resource Utilisation And Classification Study: Report 2, Anita B. Westera, Milena Snoek, Cathy Duncan, Karen Quinsey, Peter D. Samsa, Jennifer P. Mcnamee, Kathy Eagar

Australian Health Services Research Institute

The Australian Health Services Research Institute (AHSRI), University of Wollongong,was commissioned by the Commonwealth Department of Health (the Department) in August 2017 to undertake the ‘Resource Utilisation and Classification Study’(RUCS). This followedan earlier review of the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI)1which concluded that ACFI did not reflect the care needs of residents nor did payments reflect the relative costs of providing care. The ACFI review recommended the development of a new casemix classification and funding assessment framework. The RUCS comprised four separate but closely related studies, each of which included separate data collection and analysis elements that have been synthesised …

Cationic Biaryl 1,2,3-Triazolyl Peptidomimetic Amphiphiles Targeting Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile: Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation And An In Vivo C. Difficile Infection Model, Andrew J. Tague, Papanin Putsathit, Melanie Hutton, Katherine A. Hammer, Steven M. Wales, Daniel Knight, Thomas V. Riley, Dena Lyras, Paul A. Keller, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterial pathogen that causes severe gastrointestinal infection in humans. The current chemotherapeutic options are vastly inadequate, expensive and limited; this results in an exorbitant medical and financial burden. New, inexpensive chemotherapeutic treatments for C. difficile infection with improved efficacy are urgently needed. A streamlined synthetic pathway was developed to allow access to 38 novel mono- and di-cationic biaryl 1,2,3-triazolyl peptidomimetics with increased synthetic efficiency, aqueous solubility and enhanced antibacterial efficacy. The monocationic arginine derivative 28 was identified as a potent, Gram-positive selective antibacterial with MIC values of 4 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …

Examining The Association Between Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage And Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity In Serious Mental Illness, Ramya Walsan, Darren J. Mayne, Xiaoqi Feng, Nagesh B. Pai, Andrew D. Bonney

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)-type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage is positively associated with T2D comorbidity in SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals with an SMI living in the Illawarra and Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, between 2010 and 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used to assess the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and SMI -T2D comorbidity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth. Compared with the most …

Demographic And Clinical Predictors Of Health-Related Quality Of Life Among People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Living In Northern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study, Saneh Khunkaew, Ritin S. Fernandez, Jenny Sim

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease which is growing global health problems. However, research on such prediction of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Thailand is limited, in particular on the demographic and clinical characteristic in each HRQOL domains. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the demographic and clinical predictors of health-related quality of life among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study of people with T2DM at a large teaching hospital in Northern Thailand was conducted. The HRQOL was evaluated using the Thai version …

Serious Mental Illness, Neighborhood Disadvantage, And Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Ramya Walsan, Andrew D. Bonney, Darren J. Mayne, Nagesh B. Pai, Xiaoqi Feng, Renin Melkias Baby Selvi Toms

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Aim of the Study: This review aims to systematically synthesize the body of literature examining the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)-type 2 diabetes (T2D) co-occurrence. Methods: We conducted an electronic search of four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. Studies were considered eligible if they were published in English, peer reviewed, quantitative, and focused on the association between neighborhood disadvantage and SMI-T2D comorbidity. Study conduct and reporting complied with PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol is made available at PROSPERO (CRD42017083483). Results: The one eligible study identified reported a higher burden of T2D in …

A Quantitative Research On Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes, Rashid M. Ansari, Mark Fort Harris, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, Hassan Hosseinzadeh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The self-management of type diabetes is an essential part of life for the patients with diabetes to have a better and a healthy lifestyle. In addition, diabetes self-management is related to enhanced knowledge of diabetes, improved overall behaviour and discipline to adhere to diet and physical activity recommendations resulting in a better outcome. Therefore, there is a need for all the required resources to be integrated in order to achieve the benefits associated with selfmanagement. Wagner et al. provided a framework for integrating the resources and supports for self-management with key components of clinical care in a chronic care model. …

Impact Of A Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis On Mental Health, Quality Of Life, And Social Contacts: A Longitudinal Study, Xiaoqi Feng, Thomas E. Astell-Burt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aims The aim was to examine whether a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis increases the odds of psychological distress, a worsening in overall quality of life, and a potential reduction in social contacts.

Method Longitudinal data were obtained from the 45 and Up Study (baseline 2006–2008; 3.4±0.95 years follow-up time). Fixed effects logistic and negative binomial regression models were fitted on a complete case on outcome sample that did not report T2DM at baseline (N=26 344), adjusted for time-varying confounders. The key exposure was doctor-diagnosed T2DM at follow-up. Outcome variables examined included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, self-rated quality …

Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise Reduces Human Monocyte Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression In Type 2 Diabetes, Cody Durrer, Monique E. Francois, Helena Neudorf, Jonathan P. Little

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Acute highintensity interval exercise reduces human monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 expression in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 312: R529 -R538, 2017. First published January 25, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00348.2016.-Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to disease pathophysiology. Exercise has anti-inflammatory effects, but the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a single session of HIIT on cellular, molecular, and circulating markers of inflammation in individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (n 10) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n …

A School-Based Intervention Incorporating Smartphone Technology To Improve Health-Related Fitness Among Adolescents: Rationale And Study Protocol For The Neat And Atlas 2.0 Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial And Dissemination Study, David R. Lubans, Jordan J. Smith, Louisa Peralta, Ronald Plotnikoff, Anthony D. Okely, Jo Salmon, Narelle Eather, Deborah Dewar, Sarah G. Kennedy, Chris Lonsdale, Toni A. Hilland, Paul Estabrooks, Tara Finn, Emma Pollock, Philip J. Morgan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction Physical inactivity has been described as a global pandemic. Interventions aimed at developing skills in lifelong physical activities may provide the foundation for an active lifestyle into adulthood. In general, school-based physical activity interventions targeting adolescents have produced modest results and few have been designed to be 'scaled-up' and disseminated. This study aims to: (1) assess the effectiveness of two physical activity promotion programmes (ie, NEAT and ATLAS) that have been modified for scalability; and (2) evaluate the dissemination of these programmes throughout government funded secondary schools. Methods and analysis The study will be conducted in two phases. In …

Application Of Chronic Care Model For Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: Focus On The Middle-Aged Population Of Pakistan, Rashid M. Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article discusses the potential application of Chronic Care Model (CCM) for self-management of type 2 diabetes focusing on the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan. The article further highlights the variations of chronic care model and the evidence for its efficacy and elaborating the elements of the model that are used in primary health care. The features of Chronic Care Model (CCM) have been highlighted including the socio-ecological approach to diabetes self-management and community-based partnership for improving chronic disease management. The two components of the chronic care model such as patient self-management support (SMS) and delivery system design …

Primary Healthcare System Of Pakistan: Challenges To Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes, Rashid M. Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This review article is aimed at describing the primary healthcare system of Pakistan and its challenges in the face of epidemic of type 2 diabetes, focusing particularly on the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan. The main concern in Pakistan is that its middle-aged population is facing the onslaught of obesity and overweight due to lack of physical activity. In addition unhealthy eating habits making it more difficult for this population to control their weight. All these factors are contributing to a high risk of type 2 diabetes for the population of Pakistan. This article provides insight into the …

Af-Embeddability Of 2-Graph Algebras And Quasidiagonality Of K-Graph Algebras, Lisa Orloff Clark, Astrid An Huef, Aidan Sims

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We characterise quasidiagonality of the C*-algebra of a cofinal k-graph in terms of an algebraic condition involving the coordinate matrices of the graph. This result covers all simple k-graph C*-algebras. In the special case of cofinal 2-graphs we further prove that AF-embeddability, quasidiagonality and stable finiteness of the 2-graph algebra are all equivalent.

A Quantitative Research On Self-Management Of Type 2 Diabetes In Middle-Aged Population Of Rural Area Of Pakistan, Rashid M. Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is high ranging from 7.6 % (5.2 million populations) to 11 % as compared to the prevalence rate of 8.3% in the world. The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the country has been attributed to high-risk factors such as lack of physical activity, unhealthy food and eating habits among the Pakistani population. Aims: The main aim of this study is to use the quantitative method to explore the association between illness and cultural beliefs, family and healthcare provider support and self-management behaviours of patients of type 2 diabetes in …

Surface Engineering And Design Strategy For Surface-Amorphized Tio 2 @Graphene Hybrids For High Power Li-Ion Battery Electrodes, Tengfei Zhou, Yang Zheng, Hong Gao, Shudi Min, Sean Li, Hua-Kun Liu, Zaiping Guo

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Electrode materials with battery-like high capacity and capacitorlike rate performance are highly desirable, since they would signifi cantly advance next-generation energy storage technology. [ 1 ] TiO 2 has received increasing attention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its good reversible capacity and low volume expansion upon lithiation, as well as its low cost and safe lithiation potential. [ 2 ] The low lithium-ion mobility within the crystalline phase TiO 2 , however, together with its poor electrical conductivity, means that only a thin surface layer of the host material is available for Li intercalation at …

Reducing Electronic Media Use In 2-3 Year-Old Children: Feasibility And Efficacy Of The Family@Play Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial, Trina Hinkley, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Participation in electronic media use among 2-3 year olds is high and associated with adverse health and developmental outcomes. This study sought to test the feasibility and potential efficacy of a family-based program to decrease electronic media (EM) use in 2-3-year-old children. Methods Family@play was a six-session pilot randomised controlled trial delivered to parents of 2-3 year-old children from August to September 2012 in a community environment in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Development of program content was guided by Social Cognitive and Family Systems Theories. The primary outcome was children's electronic media use. Secondary outcomes …

In-Arrears Interest Rate Derivatives Under The 3/2 Model, Joanna M. Goard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Lie symmetry methods are used to find a closed form solution for in-arrears swaps under the 3/2 model ( ( ) ) ˆ 3 dr = r A t −α r dt + cr 2dZ . As well, approximate solutions are found for short-tenor inarrears caplets and floorlets under the same interest rate model. Comparisons are made of the approximate option values with those obtained with a computationally-intensive numerical scheme. The approximate pricing is found to be substantially fast easy to implement, while the relative errors with respect to the “true” prices are very small.

An Investigation Of The Nanomechanical Properties Of 0.5ba(Ti0.8zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7ca0.3)Tio3 Thin Films, Zhong-Lan Cai, Zeng-Mei Wang, Huan-Huan Wang, Zhenxiang Cheng, Baowen Li, Xin-Li Guo, Hideo Kimura, Akira Kasahara

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

For practical application, the functional piezoelectric film in microelectromechanical systems should meet the requirement of physical properties, as well as the mechanical properties. In this article, 0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (0.5BZT-0.5BCT) thin films with varied properties were prepared on (100) Si substrates via a sol-gel technique at different annealing temperatures. The effects of the annealing temperature on the morphology, piezoelectricity, hardness, and elastic modulus were studied. Particular attention was paid to the surface frictional behavior of films, and the changes in the friction force can be radically explained in terms of differences in the hardness/elastic modulus ratio and the residual stress of films. …

On Asymptotic Behaviour And W 2, P Regularity Of Potentials In Optimal Transportation, Jiakun Liu, Neil Trudinger, Xu-Jia Wang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. In this paper we study local properties of cost and potential functions in optimal transportation. We prove that in a proper normalization process, the cost function is uniformly smooth and converges locally smoothly to a quadratic cost x · y, while the potential function converges to a quadratic function. As applications we obtain the interior W2, p estimates and sharp C1, α estimates for the potentials, which satisfy a Monge–Ampère type equation. The W2, p estimate was previously proved by Caffarelli for the quadratic transport cost and the associated standard Monge–Ampère equation.

Terahertz Spectroscopy Of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Over A Wide Temperature Range (7−245 K), Lucia Lepodise, Josip Horvat, R A. Lewis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Previous THz spectroscopy of the TNT explosive precursor, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), has been restricted to room temperature (apart from one set of data at 11 K). Here, for the first time, we investigate the spectrum as the temperature is systematically varied, from 7 to 245 K. Many new features appear in the spectrum on cooling below room temperature. As well as the five absorption lines observed previously, we observe five additional lines. In addition, a new room-temperature line at 8.52 THz (281 cm−1) is observed. Six of the lines red-shift with temperature and four of them blue-shift. The blue shift is …

Boundary C^{2,\Alpha} Estimates For Monge-Ampere Type Equations, Yong Huang, Feida Jiang, Jiakun Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper, we obtain global second derivative estimates for solutions of the Dirichlet problem of certain Monge-Ampère type equations under some structural conditions, while the inhomogeneous term is only assumed to be Hölder continuous and bounded away from zero and infinity. These estimates correspond to those for the standard Monge-Ampère equation obtained by Trudinger and Wang (2008) and by Savin (2013), and have natural applications in optimal transportation and prescribed Jacobian equations.

Hierarchical Porous Li 2 Mg(Nh)2@C Nanowires With Long Cycle Life Towards Stable Hydrogen Storage, Guanglin Xia, Yingbin Tan, Dan Li, Zaiping Guo, Hua-Kun Liu, Zongwen Liu, Xuebin Yu

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The hierarchical porous Li₂Mg(NH)₂@C nanowires full of micropores, mesopores, and macropores are successfully fabricated via a single-nozzle electrospinning technique combined with in-situ reaction between the precursors, i.e., MgCl₂ and LiN₃, under physical restriction upon thermal annealing. The explosive decomposition of LiN₃ well dispersed in the electrospun nanowires during carbothermal treatment induces a highly porous structure, which provides a favourable way for H₂ delivering in and out of Li₂Mg(NH)₂ nanoparticles simultaneously realized by the space-confinement of the porous carbon coating. As a result, the thus-fabricated Li₂Mg(NH)_{2 …}

Hydrostatic Piezoelectric Properties Of [011] Poled Pb(Mg 1/3nb2/3)O3-Pbtio3 Single Crystals And 2-2 Lamellar Composites, Lili Li, Shujun Zhang, Zhuo Xu, Xuecang Geng, Fei Wen, Jun Luo, Thomas R. Shrout

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The hydrostatic piezoelectric properties of [011] poled Pb(Mg 1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) crystals and corresponding 2-2 crystal/epoxy composites were investigated. The crystal volume ratio and compositional dependencies of the hydrostatic charge and voltage coefficients (dh and gh) and hydrostatic figure of merit (FOM) dh x gh were determined, where large FOM value of 3.2 pm2/N with high stability as a function of hydrostatic pressure was achieved for rhombohedral crystal composites. In addition, the stress amplification effects of the face-plate and different epoxy matrixes were investigated, with maximum FOM value being on the order of 92 pm2/N, indicating that 2-2 crystal/epoxy composites are …

Hep-2 Cell Image Classification With Multiple Linear Descriptors, Lingqiao Liu, Lei Wang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The automatic classification of the HEp-2 cell stain patterns from indirect immunofluorescence images has attracted much attention recently. As an image classification problem, it can be well solved by the state-of-the-art bag-of-features (BoF) model as long as a suitable local descriptor is known. Unfortunately, for this special task, we have very limited knowledge of such a descriptor. In this paper, we explore the possibility of automatically learning the descriptor from the image data itself. Specifically, we assume that a local patch can be well described by a set of linear projections performed on its pixel values. Based on this assumption, …

Electrospun P2-Type Na 2/3 (Fe 1/2 Mn 1/2 )O 2 Hierarchical Nano Fibers As Cathode Material For Sodium-Ion Batteries, Sujith Kalluri, Kuok Hau Seng, Wei Kong Pang, Zaiping Guo, Zhixin Chen, Hua-Kun Liu, S X. Dou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Sodium-ion batteries can be the best alternative to lithium-ion batteries, because of their similar electrochemistry, nontoxicity, and elemental abundance and the low cost of sodium. They still stand in need of better cathodes in terms of their structural and electrochemical aspects.

Reliability And Validity Of A Short Ffq For Assessing The Dietary Habits Of 2-5-Year-Old Children, Sydney, Australia, Victoria Flood, Li Ming Wen, Louise Hardy, Chris Rissel, J Simpson, Louise Baur

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective A simple FFQ which ranks young children's dietary habits is necessary for population-based monitoring and intervention programmes. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of a short FFQ to assess the dietary habits of young children aged 2–5 years.

Design Parents completed a seventeen-item FFQ for their children by telephone on two occasions, two weeks apart. Sixty-four parents also completed 3 d food records for their children. The FFQ included daily servings of fruit and vegetables, frequency of eating lean meat, processed meats, take-away food, snack foods (biscuits, cakes, doughnuts, muesli bars), potato …

Polarization Alignment, Phase Transition, And Piezoelectricity Development In Polycrystalline 0.5ba(Zr0.2 Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7 Ca0.3)Tio3, Hanzheng Guo, Brian K. Voas, Shujun Zhang, Chao Zhou, Xiaobing Ren, Scott P. Beckman, Xiaoli Tan

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The microstructural origin of the exceptionally high piezoelectric response of polycrystalline 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 is investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy, in addition to a wide variety of bulk measurements and first-principles calculations. A direct correlation is established relating a domain wall-free state to the ultrahigh piezoelectric d33 coefficient in this BaTiO3-based composition. The results suggest that the unique single-domain state formed during electrical poling is a result of a structural transition from coexistent rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to an orthorhombic phase that has an anomalously low elastic modulus. First-principles calculations indicate that incorporating Ca2+ and Zr4+ into BaTiO3 reduces the …

Effects Of Atmospheric Light Scattering On Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases From Space. Part 2: Algorithm Intercomparison In The Gosat Data Processing For Co2 Retrievals Over Tccon Sites, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Paul O. Wennberg, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Debra Wunch, Geoffrey C. Toon, Yukio Yoshida, Christopher W. O'Dell, David Crisp, Charles E. Miller, Christian Frankenberg, Andre Butz, Ilse Aben, Sandrine Guerlet, Otto Hasekamp, Hartmut Boesch, Austin Cogan, Robert Parker, David Griffith, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Vanessa Sherlock, John Robinson, Esko Kyro, Pauli Heikkinen, Dietrich G. Feist, Isamu Morino, Nikolay Kadygrov, Dmitry Belikov, Shamil Maksyutov, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Osamu Uchino, Hiroshi Watanabe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This report is the second in a series of companion papers describing the effects of atmospheric light scattering in observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), in orbit since 23 January 2009. Here we summarize the retrievals from six previously published algorithms; retrieving column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) during 22 months of operation of GOSAT from June 2009. First, we compare data products from each algorithm with ground-based remote sensing observations by Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Our GOSAT-TCCON coincidence criteria select satellite observations within a 5° radius of 11 …

Concise Synthesis Of Α-Substituted 2-Benzofuranmethamines And Other 2-Subsituted Benzofurans Via Α-Substituted 2-Benzofuranmethyl Carbocation Intermediates, Nikhom Wongsa, Ubonta Sommart, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Arife Yazici, Somdej Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul, Anthony C. Willis, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Propargyl amines 4, where R3 is aryl, undergo 5-exo-dig cyclization reactions under relatively mild conditions (AgNO3, DMF, 60 °C, 1 h) to give 3-amino-2,3-dihydro-2-arylmethylidenebenzofurans 5 (R3 = aryl). In contrast, substrates where R3 is alkyl undergo competing 6-endo-dig and 5-exo-dig cyclization processes. The hydroxymethyl substrate 4 (R3 = CH2OH), however, was smoothly converted to its corresponding 5-exo-dig cyclization product 5, likely due to the assistance of the primary hydroxyl group in the 5-exo-dig cyclization process by silver cation coordination. Under more enforcing conditions (AgNO3, DMF, 100 °C, 18 h), the initially formed products 5 undergo a 1,3-allylic rearrangement to their …