Digital Commons Network^™

Loneliness Among People With Substance Use Problems: A Narrative Systematic Review, Isabella Ingram, Peter James Kelly, Frank P. Deane, Amanda Baker, Melvin Goh, Dayle Raftery, Genevieve A. Dingle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Issues: Despite the serious implications of loneliness on health and wellbeing, little is understood about this experience across people with substance use problems. This systematic review aimed to examine: (i) correlates and predictors of loneliness; (ii) theories underpinning loneliness; (iii) methods employed to measure loneliness; and (iv) loneliness interventions for people with substance use problems. Approach: Empirical sources were identified from key databases for all publications preceding February 2019. Overall, 41 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Key Findings: Findings from this review suggest that loneliness …

Social Capital And Hiv Testing Uptake Among Indirect Female Sex Workers In Bali, Indonesia, I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra, Pande Januraga

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 by the authors. Indirect female sex workers (FSWs), a type of FSW working under the cover of entertainment enterprises (e.g., karaoke lounge, bar, etc.), remain as an important key population for HIV transmission, signaling the need of appropriate interventions targeting HIV-related behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the association between social capital and HIV testing uptake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 indirect FSWs in Denpasar, Bali. The dependent variable was HIV testing uptake in the last six months preceding the survey. The main independent variables were social capital constructs: social cohesion (perceived peer support and trust) and …

Investigating The Relationships Between Social Capital, Chronic Health Conditions And Health Status Among Australian Adults: Findings From An Australian National Cohort Survey, Jeong Lee, Lavinia Lin, Christopher A. Magee

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Author(s). Background: Social capital is a collective attribute of communities that determines health and well-being of populations. The collective resources in a high social capital community have been reported to result in better health outcomes. While evidence supports the links between social capital and various health outcomes, it is not clear about underlying mechanisms connecting multiple dimensions of social capital to health. Methods: Using the two-wave data from a nationally representative cohort study of Australian adults (N = 16,637), this study examined the effects of two dimensions of social capital (i.e., structural and cognitive social capital) on physical …

Environmental Influences On Children's Physical Activity In Early Childhood Education And Care, Karen L. Tonge, Rachel A. Jones, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: To examine the relationship between attributes of early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings and children's physical activity and sedentary behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 490 children aged 2-5 years from 11 ECECs. The ECEC routine, size of the outdoor environment, and time spent in the outdoor environment were calculated for each center. Children's physical activity and sedentary time were measured using accelerometers. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine associations of the attributes of ECEC centers with the outcome variables, adjusting for the effects of center clustering and gender. Results: Children in ECECs that offered free routines (where …

Project-Based Learning Groups Of Friends And Acquaintances: The Role Of Efficacy Beliefs, Jose Hanham, John Mccormick, Adam Hendry

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This school-based study explored the role of collective and proxy efficacy beliefs in the performances of project-based learning teams comprising friends and acquaintances. Participants were 162 male students in Grade 8 who attended a Catholic high school, located in Sydney, Australia. Students were organized into 20 acquaintance groups and 21 friendship groups. Each group comprised 4 students who were completing project-based learning assignments in Geography, Religious Studies, and English. Data were self-reports and teacher-assessed group performance scores. Data collection occurred three times over a five-week period. Multilevel modeling was used to examine relationships between variables in the study. Statistically significant …

Schools Are Open During The Coronavirus Outbreak But Should I Voluntarily Keep My Kids Home Anyway, If I Can? We Asked 5 Experts, Sunanda Creagh, Allen C. Cheng, Christopher C. Blyth, Claire Hooker, Paul Andrew Kidson, Peter Collignon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We asked five experts to answer the question: schools are staying open but should I voluntarily keep my kids home anyway, if I can?

How To Help Young Children Regulate Their Emotions And Behaviours During The Pandemic, Cathrine Marguerite Neilsen-Hewett, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

With governments around the world asking their citizens to avoid places, activities and gatherings to save lives, this just might be the largest ever international effort to self-regulate our actions against competing desires and impulses. To achieve this, we must overcome our desire to enjoy the sun and sand, go shopping or to the pub, and even embrace family and friends. Of course, it's not so easy for young children, who must forego activities they previously enjoyed and may be confused by contradictions - like being able to see friends at, but not after, school. But there are ways parents …

Animal Geographies I: Hearing The Cry And Extending Beyond, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research on animal geographies is burgeoning. This report identifies key themes emerging in the sub-discipline over the past two to three years. It begins with an overview of the growing empirical, conceptual and methodological diversity of the field. It then explores two themes, which seek, in turn, to look very closely at the animal and beyond it. The first theme incorporates efforts to attend to the lived experiences of animals and the nonhuman side of human-animal relations: to ‘hear the cry’ of the nonhuman. The second includes attempts to move beyond both the kinds of animals most commonly considered within …

“I Think That’S My Job”: What Motivates Teachers To Partner With Teacher Educators In Ite?, Corinne Green, Michelle J. Eady, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Policymakers and researchers internationally have advocated school–university partnerships as an innovative means of strengthening initial teacher education (ITE) through the integration of theory and practice. These partnerships provide valuable learning opportunities for the pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, university teacher educators, and school students involved. While there has been ample literature discussing the implementation and benefits of school–university partnerships, there is currently a paucity of research investigating what motivates teachers’ involvement in these collaborations. This chapter provides a local response to this research gap by presenting an Australian-based case study. Informed by the Reasoned Action Approach (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010), this …

The Invisible Line: Students As Partners Or Students As Colleagues?, Michelle J. Eady, Corinne Green

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Exploring Migrants’ Knowledge And Skill In Seasonal Farm Work: More Than Labouring Bodies, Natascha Klocker, Olivia V. Dun, Lesley M. Head, Ananth Gopal

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Migrant farmworkers dominate the horticultural workforce in many parts of the Minority (developed) World. The ‘manual’ work that they do—picking and packing fruits and vegetables, and pruning vines and trees—is widely designated unskilled. In policy, media, academic, activist and everyday discourses, hired farm work is framed as something anybody can do. We interrogate this notion with empirical evidence from the Sunraysia horticultural region of Australia. The region’s grape and almond farms depend heavily on migrant workers. By-and-large, the farmers and farmworkers we spoke to pushed back against the unskilled tag. They asserted that farmworkers acquire knowledge and skills over time …

Effects Of Spatial Distance On The Effectiveness Of Mental And Physical Integration Strategies In Learning From Split-Attention Examples, Bjorn De Koning, Gertjan Rop, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Learning from spatially separated text and pictures is improved when learners are instructed to use a physical or mental integration strategy. This study investigated whether varying the spatial distance between text and pictures affects the effectiveness of physical and mental integration strategies. We hypothesized that a larger spatial distance would increase cognitive load and harm learning. Ninety-two university students studied the functioning of an electrical circuit from text and pictures that were presented at a small or large spatial distance from each other, while using a physical or mental integration strategy during learning. Results indicated that participants using the mental …

Urban Greening And Mobility Justice In Dhaka’S Informal Settlements, Razia Sultana, Thomas Birtchnell, Nicholas J. Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Urban greening in Dhaka, Bangladesh is fraught with injustice for slum dwellers. Access to the commons for the enactment of gardening, farming and foraging by the urban poor, many recent internal migrants from rural areas, is contested by wealthier citizens, developers and political elites. Through qualitative research with households within the informal settlement of Korail in Dhaka’s urban core, and a range of stakeholders in governmental and non-governmental organizations, this study critiques competing policy visions that involve urban greening and urban green infrastructure. Repurposing the conceptual lense of ‘mobility justice’ to analyse environmental and ecological issues in the global South, …

Facilitators And Barriers To The Self-Management Of Copd: A Qualitative Study From Rural Nepal, Uday Yadav, Jane Lloyd, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Kedar Baral, Sagar Dahal, Narendra Bhatta, Mark Harris

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Objective: To understand the facilitators and barriers to the self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural Nepal. Settings: Community and primary care centres in rural Nepal. Participants: A total of 14 participants (10 people with COPD and 4 health care providers) were interviewed. Primary and secondary outcome measure(s): People with COPD and healthcare provider's experience of COPD self-management in rural Nepal. Results: Facilitators and barriers affecting COPD self-management in Nepal operated at the patient-family, community and service provider levels. People with COPD were found to have a limited understanding of COPD and medications. …

Novel Coronavirus: A New Challenge For Medical Scientist?, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Nusrat Jahan Runa, Bhuiyan Mohammad Mahtab Uddin, Mohammad Faisal Haidere, Sujit Kumar Sarker, Sojib Bin Zaman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

A Matched Control Trial Of A Mental Health Literacy Intervention For Parents In Community Sports Clubs, Diarmuid Hurley, Mark S. Allen, Christian Swann, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a mental health literacy intervention for parents delivered through community sport clubs. In total, 540 parents (321 females, 219 males) of adolescent athletes participated in a brief educational workshop on youth mental health (n = 352) or a community-matched control group (n = 188). Generalised linear mixed models revealed no significant improvements in the intervention group compared to control in the primary mental health literacy outcomes, at 1 month follow-up. However, parents in the intervention group were more likely to seek formal help for …

Methodological Challenges In Deliberative Empirical Ethics, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Augmenting Cancer Registry Data With Health Survey Data With No Cases In Common: The Relationship Between Pre-Diagnosis Health Behaviour And Post-Diagnosis Survival In Oesophageal Cancer, Paul Fahey, Andrew Page, Glenn Stone, Thomas E. Astell-Burt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Author(s). Background: For epidemiological research, cancer registry datasets often need to be augmented with additional data. Data linkage is not feasible when there are no cases in common between data sets. We present a novel approach to augmenting cancer registry data by imputing pre-diagnosis health behaviour and estimating its relationship with post-diagnosis survival time. Methods: Six measures of pre-diagnosis health behaviours (focussing on tobacco smoking, 'at risk' alcohol consumption, overweight and exercise) were imputed for 28,000 cancer registry data records of US oesophageal cancers using cold deck imputation from an unrelated health behaviour dataset. Each data point was …

Attentional Bias For Threat And Anxiety: The Role Of Loneliness, Maryann Wei, Steven J. Roodenrys, Leonie M. Miller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, 2020 Washington School of Psychiatry. Objective: There is literature to suggest that anxious individuals may be lonely. Attentional bias for threat (ABT), a mechanism implicated in the core symptoms of anxiety, has been linked to loneliness in a separate line of work. The primary aim of this study was to examine the role of loneliness in the association between ABT and anxiety. Method: An unselected sample of 260 individuals (196 Female; Mean Age = 22.43) completed measures of loneliness, ABT (a dot probe task), and anxiety. Two possible models of the role of loneliness in the ABT-anxiety link were …

Biopedagogies And Family Life: A Social Class Perspective, Lisette Burrows, Jan Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this chapter we draw on our work with young people and families to explore the utility of poststructural theoretical resources in understanding engagement with health imperatives. While we suggest that concepts like biopedagogies, discourse and subjectivity (amongst others) usefully frame our research, we also focus on what cannot be thought/understood with these resources alone. We explore how the complexity of family life, the ways culture, class and biopedagogies of the body intersect in ‘real’ lives and the translation of school-based health messages to home environs may require alternate theories.

The Ethical, Legal And Social Implications Of Using Artificial Intelligence Systems In Breast Cancer Care, Stacy M. Carter, Wendy Rogers, Khin Than Win, Helen Frazer, Bernadette Richards, Nehmat Houssami

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Breast cancer care is a leading area for development of artificial intelligence (AI), with applications including screening and diagnosis, risk calculation, prognostication and clinical decision-support, management planning, and precision medicine. We review the ethical, legal and social implications of these developments. We consider the values encoded in algorithms, the need to evaluate outcomes, and issues of bias and transferability, data ownership, confidentiality and consent, and legal, moral and professional responsibility. We consider potential effects for patients, including on trust in healthcare, and provide some social science explanations for the apparent rush to implement AI solutions. We conclude by anticipating future …

Crossing Boundaries: Rethinking The Ways That First-In-Family Students Navigate 'Barriers' To Higher Education, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article explores how one cohort of first-in-family students narrated their movement into and through university, proposed as a form of boundary crossing. These metaphors emerged from the stories that students told about their persistence, with references ranging from institutional or organisational boundaries through to those imposed by self and others. Applying the sensitizing lens of boundary crossing, an analysis is provided of how learners navigated their transition into university and the types of persistence behaviours adopted. The focus is on those who traversed these boundaries, considering the nature of incursions and the ways these were negotiated within students' everyday …

The Stereoscopic Advantage For Vection Persists Despite Reversed Disparity, Stephen Palmisano, Shinji Nakamura, Robert S. Allison, Bernhard E. Riecke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research has shown that consistent stereoscopic information improves the vection (i.e. illusions of self-motion) induced in stationary observers. This study investigates the effects of placing stereoscopic information into direct conflict with monocular motion signals by swapping the observer's left and right eye views to reverse disparity. Experiments compared the vection induced by stereo-consistent, stereo-reversed and flat-stereo patterns of: (1) same-size optic flow, which contained monocular motion perspective information about self-motion, and (2) changing-size optic flow, which provided additional monocular information about motion-in-depth based on local changes in object image sizes. As expected, consistent stereoscopic information improved the vection-in-depth induced by …

Ending Tb In Australia: Organizational Challenges For Regional Tuberculosis Programs, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Carroll, Justin Denholm, Ben Marais, Angus Dawson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2019 Elsevier B.V. The World Health Organization's End TB Strategy aims to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2050. Low-burden countries such as Australia are targeted for early elimination (2035), which will require an increase in the intensity and scope of case finding and treatment of people with latent TB infection (LTBI). Because 80 % of TB disease in Australia occurs in metropolitan Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria), the commitment to move towards elimination has major implications for TB programs in these jurisdictions. We report on a case study analysis that compares and contrasts key attributes of each of these …

Concurrent Validity Of The Actigraph Gt3x+ And Activpal For Assessing Sedentary Behaviour In 2-3-Year-Old Children Under Free-Living Conditions, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Eduarda Sousa-Sa, Zhiguang Zhang, Dylan P. Cliff, Rute Santos

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives

ActiGraph accelerometer cut-points are commonly used to classify sedentary behaviour (SB) in young children. However, they vary from 5counts/5 s to 301counts/15 s, resulting in different estimates and inconsistent findings. The aim was to examine the concurrent validity of ActiGraph GT3X + cut-points against the activPAL for measuring SB in 2–3-year-olds during free-living conditions.

Design

Observational validation-study.

Methods

Sixty children were fitted with the activPAL and ActiGraph simultaneously for at least 2 h. Nine ActiGraph cut-points ranging from 60 to 1488 counts per minute were used to derive SB. Bland & Altman plots and equivalent tests were performed to …

Promoting Widening Participation And Its Social Value Amongst Pacific People In Australia, Jioji Ravulo, Shannon Said, Jim Micsko, Gayl Purchase

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Pacific people in Australia are less likely to access university due to structural disadvantages, including isolation from the dominant culture; the overlapping nexus between low socio-economic status and race; and cultural expectations. The PATHE (Pasifika Achievement To Higher Education) program addresses this inequity by a range of interactive student workshops and on-campus visits, support meetings, peer mentoring sessions, and a yearly conference. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the PATHE program through online and paper surveys. The program's effectiveness was then evaluated utilising the Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodological framework. The methodology assigns a financial proxy to the impacts …

Effects Of Shape, Roughness And Gloss On The Perceived Reflectance Of Colored Surfaces, Vanessa Honson, Quan Huynh-Thu, Matthew Arnison, David Monaghan, Zoey J. Isherwood, Juno Kim

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Copyright 2020 Honson, Huynh-Thu, Arnison, Monaghan, Isherwood and Kim. This study examined perceptual differentiation of specular from diffuse shading for the recovery of surface color and gloss. In Experiment 1, we parametrically varied the mesoscale relief height of globally planar surfaces, specular sharpness and the orientation of the surface relative to the light source. We obtained psychophysical matches for perceived color saturation and value (HSV), but also considered whether the main effects could be influenced by color space used when transforming data to perceptually-uniform CIE LCH space. Results revealed strong interactions between perceived color attributes and the lighting conditions, the …

A Stepped Wedge Trial Of Efficacy And Scalability Of A Virtual Clinical Pharmacy Service (Vcps) In Rural And Remote Nsw Health Facilities, Julaine M. Allan, Shannon Nott, Brett Chambers, Ged Hawthorn, Alice Munro, Chris Doran, Christopher Oldmeadow, Clare Coleman, Teesta Saksena

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Author(s). Background: Medication errors are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Clinical pharmacy services provided in hospital can reduce medication errors and medication related harm. However, few rural or remote hospitals in Australia have a clinical pharmacy service. This study will evaluate a virtual clinical pharmacy service (VCPS) provided via telehealth to eight rural and remote hospitals in NSW, Australia. Methods: A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial design will use routinely collected data from patients' electronic medical records (n = 2080) to evaluate the VCPS at eight facilities. The sequence of steps is randomised, allowing for control …

Participation In Domains Of Physical Activity Among Australian Youth During The Transition From Childhood To Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study, Byron Kemp, Anne-Maree Parrish, Marijka Batterham, Dylan P. Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Information about the domains of physical activity (PA) that are most prone to decline between late childhood (11 y), early adolescence (13 y), and mid-adolescence (15 y) may support more targeted health promotion strategies. This study explored longitudinal trends in nonorganized PA, organized PA, active transport and active chores/work between childhood and adolescence, and potential sociodemographic moderators of changes. Methods: Data were sourced from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 4108). Participation in PA domains was extracted from youth time-use diaries. Potential moderators were sex, Indigenous status, language spoken at home, socioeconomic position, and geographical remoteness. Results: …

Prevalence Of Drop-Out From Organised Extracurricular Sports And Associations With Body Fat Percentage During Childhood And Adolescence, Stewart A. Vella, Matthew Schweickle, Jordan T. Sutcliffe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives This paper aimed to report the prevalence of drop-out from organised sports between the ages of 10 and 14 years, and to examine potential associated detriments to levels of body fat. Methods All data were drawn from waves 4-6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants' sport participation was parent reported and body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 4159 participants had sports participation data at age 10 years (M=10.32 years, SD=4.68). Results From 3013 sport participants at age 10 years, 29.7% (n=894) had dropped out of sports at age 12 years. Of …