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The Effect Of Different Vegetable Oils (Macadamia Nut Oil And Walnut Oil) On The Coefficient Of Friction As A Finish For Oak Wood, Lee Dillon
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Slipping due to insufficient friction with flooring can cause fatal injuries in workplaces and homes. Oak wood flooring is commonly used in construction to build these environments. In the manufacturing process, wood finishing is conducted at the end of the process to strengthen the properties and longevity of the wood, although it could impact the coefficient of friction (COF) causing slip falls. Vegetable oils, such as macadamia nut and walnut oils, used as wood finishes have gained prominence due to their beneficial aspects to the environment. However, little is known about their effectiveness as a safe coating for wood floors. …
A Comparative Study To Predict Ovarian Cancer, Binadie Wickramasinghe, Gloria Regisford
A Comparative Study To Predict Ovarian Cancer, Binadie Wickramasinghe, Gloria Regisford
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Ovarian cancer is considered the fifth most common cancer type among females in the United States. Furthermore, ovarian cancer accounts for 25% of all gynecologic cancers, and usually, this cancer is diagnosed at a late stage. A patient can live at least five years longer if ovarian cancer is diagnosed early. Therefore, the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is essential. This study aims to classify ovarian cancer using biomarkers such as ovarian cancer antigen (CA125), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and anti-TP53 antibodies. Rising or persistent CA125 blood levels provide a highly …
Cortisol And Alpha-Synuclein Stability In Saliva Under Varying Storage And Handling Conditions, Mo Zheng, Sujata Srikanth, Jeremiah Carpenter, Delphine Dean
Cortisol And Alpha-Synuclein Stability In Saliva Under Varying Storage And Handling Conditions, Mo Zheng, Sujata Srikanth, Jeremiah Carpenter, Delphine Dean
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments and non-motor symptoms, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the primary biofluid used for PD biomarker studies, notably α-synuclein, despite the invasive nature of lumbar puncture procedures. Recent work has shown that some of these PD biomarkers have been measured in saliva. As an alternative to CSF, saliva can be non-invasively self-collected by patients repeatedly over time to monitor biomarker levels. However, the stability of these biomarkers in saliva needs to be evaluated before saliva can be considered for patient self-collection studies. Therefore, …
Investigating The Synergistic Antibacterial Effects Of Ulva Lactuca And Fucus Vesiculosus Extracts On The Growth Of Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Bryan Lee
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
This study investigates the antibacterial properties of extracts from marine macroalgae, Ulva lactuca (green algae) and Fucus vesiculosus (brown algae), individually and in combination, with a focus on combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance requires the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. Utilizing the agar well diffusion method, the study evaluates the inhibitory effects of the algae extracts on Staphylococcus epidermidis. Chloramphenicol serves as the positive control, while 5% dimethyl sulfoxide acts as the negative control. The combination of Ulva lactuca and Fucus vesiculosus extracts did not exhibit a significantly greater antibacterial effect than …
A Comparative Analysis Of Chemotherapeutic Administrations In Inhibiting Glioblastoma Multiforme Cellular Growth Utilizing An Integration Of Differentiation-Based Growth Models And Pharmacokinetic Equations, Anagha Chethan Gowda
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Glioblastoma multiforme, a disease of grade IV astrocytoma, accounts for 60-70% of malignant brain tumors.¹ Despite its low survival rate, little is known about GBM and its treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of the most common drugs (temozolomide, carmustine, bevacizumab) in reducing tumor growth within GBM chemotherapy. It was hypothesized that due to their properties as alkylating agents inhibiting growth genes within GBM, temozolomide and carmustine would provide the most reduction in cellular growth mathematically.² VisualPDE simulations were used to model administration of temozolomide, carmustine, bevacizumab, and none in chemotherapy and provide the …
Effect Of Playing Soccer On The Level Of Visual Attention In High School Students, Hamilton Howard
Effect Of Playing Soccer On The Level Of Visual Attention In High School Students, Hamilton Howard
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Soccer is a great example of a sport that requires a high performing set of cognitive processes. Though it may vary depending on position, each player must be acutely aware of many players on the opposition and friendly sides at once, as well as the ball. This is why soccer players and players of other similarly interactive sports have been found to score higher on executive function tests. However, these tests, especially those for visual attention, are not standardized. Indeed, there seems to be countless ways to test for visual attention, many of which are not considered very objective. The …
Comparing Vitamin C And Vitamin E In Improving The Photostability Of A Retinol Serum Exposed To Heat Degradation, Isra Siddique
Comparing Vitamin C And Vitamin E In Improving The Photostability Of A Retinol Serum Exposed To Heat Degradation, Isra Siddique
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Retinol, a form of Vitamin A, is a popular ingredient in skincare products for its anti-aging effects. However, in most cosmetic formulations, retinol destabilizes quickly, due to exposure to heat, light, oxygen and pH. To combat retinol degradation, many preservatives have been examined, including antioxidants like Vitamin C and E. Still, studies investigating the supplementation of Vitamin C and E in retinol formulations have mostly focused on stabilizing retinol against UV light alone and have yet to explore the effects of adding these vitamins on other stressors, such as heat. The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities …
Utilizing Lentinula Edodes And Pleurotus Ostreatus To Decrease Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Growth With Oxidative Stress Present As A Model For Cancer, Abdullah Amir
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and its effects can be worsened when high levels of oxidative stress are present. Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus are two edible mushroom species that have been shown to contain many anticancer agents. However, the effects of these mushrooms have not been tested on cancer in the presence of oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of L. edodes and P. ostreatus in reducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth when oxidative stress was present. It was hypothesized that these two mushroom species would …
Table Of Contents
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Synergistic Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Regulatory Function Using A Dual Expression Shrna Plasmid, Christine Sanderson, William H. Jackson
Synergistic Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Regulatory Function Using A Dual Expression Shrna Plasmid, Christine Sanderson, William H. Jackson
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
HIV infection of CD4+ T Helper lymphocytes results in a gradual loss of immune competence, which ultimately leads to development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 expresses two regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev, which act to upregulate viral transcription and facilitate mRNA transport enhancing the rate of translation. Inhibition of Tat and Rev have been shown to block virus replication. Therefore, Tat and Rev represent critical key points in the virus replication cycle. This study investigated the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit these proteins using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). For this, plasmids expressing shRNAs targeting …
Wild Pigs (Sus Scrofa) At Croft State Park In Spartanburg County, South Carolina, Jonathan J. Storm, Amelia R. Scollon, Melissa A. Storm, Briget C. Doyle
Wild Pigs (Sus Scrofa) At Croft State Park In Spartanburg County, South Carolina, Jonathan J. Storm, Amelia R. Scollon, Melissa A. Storm, Briget C. Doyle
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Examination Of Oncogenic Effects Of Environmental Pollutants, Andrew Ackerman, Matthew Behling, Brock Earley, Janay Vacharasin
Examination Of Oncogenic Effects Of Environmental Pollutants, Andrew Ackerman, Matthew Behling, Brock Earley, Janay Vacharasin
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Chemical byproducts produced by surrounding industrial complexes have polluted the local estuaries of Georgetown, South Carolina for several decades1. Previous studies completed by the EPA and SCDNR showed that the estuaries contained carcinogenic pollutants released from the local manufacturing plants1. One of the mentioned pollutants was dioxins which are produced during the paper bleaching process2. Dioxins are highly toxic compounds that have various carcinogenic effects on the organisms that inhabit the area. These previous studies were conducted over thirty years ago. Therefore, a current study to determine if chemical byproducts are contaminating local estuaries …
A Triumph Of Conservation: The University Of South Carolina Aiken’S Bluebird Trail, Alyssa Godfrey, Emory Owens, Quinn Schreiber, Michelle L. Vieyra
A Triumph Of Conservation: The University Of South Carolina Aiken’S Bluebird Trail, Alyssa Godfrey, Emory Owens, Quinn Schreiber, Michelle L. Vieyra
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
The Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) was once an endangered species, with over 90% of its population declining in the early 1900s (Ritchison, 2000). These birds play a crucial role in regulating insect populations and maintaining the safety of food sources, making them important both economically and environmentally. Eastern Bluebirds are proof that conservation efforts work, as they are now a species of least conservation concern in the United States. Since 2020, undergraduate students at the University of South Carolina Aiken have collaborated with the South Carolina Bluebird Society to establish and monitor 31 nesting boxes across the main campus …
Striatal Beat Frequency Interval Timing Model With Microgravity Stressor, Jason Michael Fitzgerald, Sorinel Oprisan
Striatal Beat Frequency Interval Timing Model With Microgravity Stressor, Jason Michael Fitzgerald, Sorinel Oprisan
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
The Striatal Beat Frequency (SBF) model of interval timing uses frontal cortex (FC) neural oscillations to record the state of the brain at the reinforcement time Tc during fixed interval (FI) procedures in the long-term memory (LMEM). The state of the FC oscillators at any given time is stored in a short-term memory (SMEM) buffer. The SBF model uses the spiny neurons of the basal ganglia (BG) as coincidence detectors to produce beats between the content of the SMEM and LMEM. Across multiple species that can perform interval timing, there are two invariant properties: (a) the timing is precise, and …
Hpv Prevalence In A College-Aged Sample Group And Its Link To Sexual Behaviors And Attitudes, Emily E. Bishop, Rahjai Thomas, Katelyn Ambrose, Gabriela Lewczyk, Paul E. Richardson
Hpv Prevalence In A College-Aged Sample Group And Its Link To Sexual Behaviors And Attitudes, Emily E. Bishop, Rahjai Thomas, Katelyn Ambrose, Gabriela Lewczyk, Paul E. Richardson
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
HPV, or Human Papilloma Virus, is the most common Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). It is the number one STI in men and women. There are over 460 subtypes; a majority of the subtypes are able to be cleared by the human immune system within 3 years after initial infection. However fifteen of these subtypes have been classified as ‘high-risk’ for carcinoma development, accounting for almost 100% of cervical cancers. This STI has an age prevalence starting at 19 for oral and genital infections. The overall goal of this research is to provide students with an equally represented and unbiased database …
Potential Nec2/Nek1 Inhibitor And Inh1 Analog N-[4-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-Thiazolyl]-4-Pyridinecarboxamide Via Hantzsch Thiazol Condensation, Robert E. Lee Sr, Isabella G. Mcdonald, Paige E. Heiple, Lukas D. Shelton
Potential Nec2/Nek1 Inhibitor And Inh1 Analog N-[4-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-Thiazolyl]-4-Pyridinecarboxamide Via Hantzsch Thiazol Condensation, Robert E. Lee Sr, Isabella G. Mcdonald, Paige E. Heiple, Lukas D. Shelton
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
The potential active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), N-[4-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-4-pyridinecarboxamide (6) is a cancer cell metabolism mitosis inhibitor via the Nek2 and Hec1 enzymes. The three-step synthesis starts with the bromination of 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-one (1) using CuBr2 to produce 2-bromo-1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-one (2) with a yield of 90%.[i],[ii],[iii] Followed by Hantzsch thiazol ring synthesis as (2) reacts with thiourea (3) and, resulting in 4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-amine (4)[iv] in 80% yield. Finally, isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (5) and (4) reacted to form the amide (6).[v],[vi],[vii],[viii],[ix],[x] Characterization of the final product was determined …
Determining Drug Dosage Using Calculus, Rajendra Dahal, Keith Bullard
Determining Drug Dosage Using Calculus, Rajendra Dahal, Keith Bullard
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
For most drugs, there is a concentration below for which the drug is ineffective and a concentration above for which the drug is dangerous. In this paper, we will study how the dosage and dosing intervals can be modified to ensure a safe, yet efficient level of the drug in the bloodstream using calculus. In particular, we will study the concentration of a drug over time and its dosing schedule.
Length-Weight And Length-Length Relationships For Common Fish And Invertebrate Species In The North Inlet-Winyah Bay Estuarine System, South Carolina, Usa, Catherine A. Friedline, Matthew E. Kimball, Bruce W. Pfirrmann, In Cha, Kayleigh B. Wolstenholme, Ryan J. Rezek
Length-Weight And Length-Length Relationships For Common Fish And Invertebrate Species In The North Inlet-Winyah Bay Estuarine System, South Carolina, Usa, Catherine A. Friedline, Matthew E. Kimball, Bruce W. Pfirrmann, In Cha, Kayleigh B. Wolstenholme, Ryan J. Rezek
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Establishing accurate weight-length relationships (WLR) and length-length relationships (LLR) is critical for effective fisheries management and ecological research. This study updates these essential metrics for commonly found fish and shrimp species in the North Inlet-Winyah Bay estuarine system, South Carolina, addressing gaps where previous data were unavailable, outdated, or sourced from other regions. Our research analyzed 7,874 specimens from 20 species across thirteen families, collected through trawl samples and bi-weekly seines from November 2022 to December 2023. The findings demonstrate robust WLRs with high coefficients of determination. Similarly, the LLRs confirmed reliable conversions between different length measurements. This study not …
Growth And Mobility Of Physella Acuta Under Individual And Combined Acetaminophen And Salinity Exposure, Rhea Wilder, Jason Doll, Daniel Elias
Growth And Mobility Of Physella Acuta Under Individual And Combined Acetaminophen And Salinity Exposure, Rhea Wilder, Jason Doll, Daniel Elias
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Global climate change, driven by rapid population growth and anthropogenic activities, presents an urgent challenge to aquatic ecosystems. Salinity intrusion threatens water quality and availability for human and wildlife populations. At the same time, due to the demand for pharmaceuticals, these pollutants are increasingly detected in freshwater environments, with acetaminophen being one of the most prevalent. This research analyzed the individual and combined effects of salinity (2.5 g/L) and acetaminophen (488 μg/L) on Physella acuta. Overall, we observed reduced snail movement under elevated salinity and no effects on growth or movement with acetaminophen alone or in combination with salinity. …
Development Of A Simple And Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction Screen For Human Papillomavirus In College Students, Emily Bishop, Owen Smith, Paul E. Richardson
Development Of A Simple And Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction Screen For Human Papillomavirus In College Students, Emily Bishop, Owen Smith, Paul E. Richardson
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is, according to the CDC, the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) with many infections developing in a person's late teens or early 20’s. HPV is a nonenveloped, relatively small, icosahedral DNA virus that infects squamous epithelial cells. This infection can happen in genital, anal, and oral cavities. 90% of these infections will self-clear in two years according to the CDC. Of the 10% of infections that do not clear in two years, they could develop into carcinomas later in life. The goal of this developmental research is to create a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that can …
Electrochemical Detection Of Glucose Using A Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes Combined With Glucose Encapsulated Within A Xerogel, Daniel Baker, Sarah Davis, Drew Budner
Electrochemical Detection Of Glucose Using A Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes Combined With Glucose Encapsulated Within A Xerogel, Daniel Baker, Sarah Davis, Drew Budner
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Recent literature reports examples of electrochemical biosensor systems that have been developed based upon on the encapsulation of enzymes and metal nanoparticles into a xerogel. These systems have been utilized for the detection of biologically important compounds, such as glucose. These reports on these systems have found acceptable detection limits and linear ranges. At the same time, Prussian blue modified electrodes have been shown to have better operating parameters than metal electrodes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. In this work, a biosensor system is described that incorporates the encapsulation of glucose oxidize within a xerogel combined with electrochemical detection …
The Value Of Intercollegiate Athletics Participation From The Perspective Of Employers Who Target Athletes, Peter Chalfin, Erianne Weight, Barbara Osborne, Shelly Johnson
The Value Of Intercollegiate Athletics Participation From The Perspective Of Employers Who Target Athletes, Peter Chalfin, Erianne Weight, Barbara Osborne, Shelly Johnson
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
The Sons Of Westwood: John Wooden, Ucla, And The Dynasty That Changed College Basketball, (Reviewed By) Brendan Dwyer
The Sons Of Westwood: John Wooden, Ucla, And The Dynasty That Changed College Basketball, (Reviewed By) Brendan Dwyer
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Slowing The Coaching Carousel: The Benefits Of Person-Organization Fit, Brent D. Oja, Claire C. Schaeperkoetter, Aaron W. Clopton
Slowing The Coaching Carousel: The Benefits Of Person-Organization Fit, Brent D. Oja, Claire C. Schaeperkoetter, Aaron W. Clopton
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Social Media Policies Within Ncaa Member Institutions: Evolving Technology And Its Impact On Policy, Jimmy Sanderson, Eric Snyder, David Hull, Kelly Gramlich
Social Media Policies Within Ncaa Member Institutions: Evolving Technology And Its Impact On Policy, Jimmy Sanderson, Eric Snyder, David Hull, Kelly Gramlich
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Ncaa Division I-Fbs Salary Determinants: A Look At New And Amended Contracts, Kellyn Fogarty, Brian P. Soebbing, Kwame J.A. Agyemang
Ncaa Division I-Fbs Salary Determinants: A Look At New And Amended Contracts, Kellyn Fogarty, Brian P. Soebbing, Kwame J.A. Agyemang
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Predicting Intrinsic Value Of Ncaa Division I Men’S Basketball Coaching Salaries, Ryan M. Brewer, Chad D. Mcevoy, Nels Popp
Predicting Intrinsic Value Of Ncaa Division I Men’S Basketball Coaching Salaries, Ryan M. Brewer, Chad D. Mcevoy, Nels Popp
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Fourth And Long: The Fight For The Soul Of College Football, (Reviewed By) Jonathan A. Jensen
Fourth And Long: The Fight For The Soul Of College Football, (Reviewed By) Jonathan A. Jensen
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
From The Buckeyes To The Bronx, (Reviewed By) Liz Sattler
From The Buckeyes To The Bronx, (Reviewed By) Liz Sattler
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.
Examining The Influence Of Gender On Athletes’ Levels Of Moral Reasoning…, Vincent Lyons, Brian A. Turner
Examining The Influence Of Gender On Athletes’ Levels Of Moral Reasoning…, Vincent Lyons, Brian A. Turner
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
No abstract provided.