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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Predictors Of Discrepancies Between Informants’ Ratings Of Preschool-Aged Children’S Behavior: An Examination Of Ethnicity, Child Characteristics, And Family Functioning, Elizabeth Harvey, Candice Fischer, Julie L. Weieneth, Sara D. Hurwitz, Aline G. Sayer
Predictors Of Discrepancies Between Informants’ Ratings Of Preschool-Aged Children’S Behavior: An Examination Of Ethnicity, Child Characteristics, And Family Functioning, Elizabeth Harvey, Candice Fischer, Julie L. Weieneth, Sara D. Hurwitz, Aline G. Sayer
Elizabeth (Lisa) Harvey
The present study examined predictors of discrepancies between mothers’, fathers’, and teachers’ ratings of 3-year-old children’s hyperactivity, attention problems, and aggression. Participants were families of 196 3-year-old children who took part in child and family assessments. Ethnicity was one of the most consistent predictors of discrepancies. African American mothers and fathers were more likely to rate their children’s hyperactivity, attention problems, and aggression lower than teachers. In contrast, Latina mothers were more likely to rate their children as more hyperactive and inattentive than teachers. ADHD/ODD diagnoses, parental depression, number of children, and children’s pre-academic skills were also predictive of discrepancies …
The Longitudinal Relation Between Academic/Cognitive Skills And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Preschool Children, Lindsay A. Metcalfe, Elizabeth Harvey, Holly B. Laws
The Longitudinal Relation Between Academic/Cognitive Skills And Externalizing Behavior Problems In Preschool Children, Lindsay A. Metcalfe, Elizabeth Harvey, Holly B. Laws
Elizabeth (Lisa) Harvey
Objective—Existing research suggests that there is a relation between academic/cognitive deficits and externalizing behavior in young children, but the direction of this relation is unclear. The present study tested competing models of the relation between academic/cognitive functioning and behavior problems during early childhood Method—Participants were 221 children (120 boys, 101 girls) who participated in a longitudinal study from age 3 to 6 Results—A reciprocal relation (Model 3) was observed only between inattention and academic achievement; this relation remained controlling for SES and family stress. The relation between inattention and cognitive ability was consistent with Model 1 (cognitive skills predicting later …
Impact Of Sectoral Allocation Of Foreign Aid On Gender Equity And Human Development, Léonce Ndikumana
Impact Of Sectoral Allocation Of Foreign Aid On Gender Equity And Human Development, Léonce Ndikumana
Léonce Ndikumana
While developing countries have made some progress in achieving human development since the turn of the century, many are still lagging behind in important human development goals such as education, health, nutrition and access to clean drinking water and improved sanitation. Moreover, gender equity remains a major challenge in most countries. In this paper, we examine the role that foreign aid plays in generating these outcomes, using panel data from OECD-DAC on the sectoral allocation of development aid, in conjunction with country-level data on public expenditures, human development outcomes and other economic, social and political indicators. Specifically, the paper attempts …
Overcoming Low Political Equilibrium In Africa: Institutional Changes For Inclusive Development, Léonce Ndikumana
Overcoming Low Political Equilibrium In Africa: Institutional Changes For Inclusive Development, Léonce Ndikumana
Léonce Ndikumana
This paper examines the role that institutions have played in the performance of African economies over the past decades. It discusses the institutional changes needed to enable African countries to reach inclusive development in the near future. The paper starts from the premise that growth and development are the outcomes of policy choices, which in turn are the outcome of a complex process of political negotiation among various stakeholders – both domestic and foreign – who have interests that may be divergent. In other words, policy choices and the resulting development outcomes constitute a political equilibrium. It is therefore important …
Consumer Subjectivity And Us Healthcare Reform, Emily West
Consumer Subjectivity And Us Healthcare Reform, Emily West
Emily E. West
Health care consumerism is an important frame in US health care policy, especially in recent media and policy discourse about federal health care reform. This paper reports on qualitative fieldwork with health care users to find out how people interpret and make sense of the identity of “health care consumer.” It proposes that while the term consumer is normally understood as a descriptive label for users who purchase health care and insurance services, it should actually be understood as a metaphor, carrying with it a host of associations that shape US health care policy debates in particular ways. Based on …
Aging And The Perception Of Temporally-Interleaved Words, Karen S. Helfer, Christine R. Mason, Christine Marino
Aging And The Perception Of Temporally-Interleaved Words, Karen S. Helfer, Christine R. Mason, Christine Marino
Karen S Helfer
No abstract provided.
Mapping Participation Gaps In Wikipedia, Laura Quilter
Mapping Participation Gaps In Wikipedia, Laura Quilter
Laura Quilter
No abstract provided.
Sustained And Shorter Bouts Of Physical Activity Are Related To Cardiovascular Health, Nicole Glazer, Asya Lyass, Dale Esliger, Susan Blease, Patty Freedson, Joseph Massaro, Joanne Murabito, Ramachandran Vasan
Sustained And Shorter Bouts Of Physical Activity Are Related To Cardiovascular Health, Nicole Glazer, Asya Lyass, Dale Esliger, Susan Blease, Patty Freedson, Joseph Massaro, Joanne Murabito, Ramachandran Vasan
Patty S. Freedson
Purpose—Whereas greater physical activity (PA) is known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relative importance of performing PA in sustained bouts of activity versus shorter bouts of activity on CVD risk is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured in bouts ≥10 minutes and <10 minutes, and CVD risk factors in a well-characterized, community-based sample of white adults. Methods—We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2109 Framingham Heart Study Third Generation participants (mean age 47 years, 55% women) who underwent objective assessment of PA by accelerometry over 57 days. Total MVPA, MVPA done in bouts ≥10 minutes (MVPA10+), and MVPA done in bouts <10 minutes (MVPA<10) were calculated. MVPA exposures were related to individual CVD risk factors, including measures of adiposity and blood lipid and glucose levels, using linear and logistic regression. Results—Total MVPA was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and with lower triglycerides, BMI, waist circumference and Framingham risk score (P<0.0001). MVPA<10 showed similar statistically significant associations with these CVD risk factors (P <0.001). Compliance with national guidelines (≥150 minutes of total MVPA) was significantly related to lower BMI, triglycerides, Framingham risk score, waist circumference, higher HDL, and a lower prevalence of obesity and impaired fasting glucose (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions—Our cross-sectional observations on a large middle-aged community-based sample confirm a positive association of MVPA with a healthier CVD risk factor profile, and indicate that accruing physical activity in bouts <10 minutes may favorably influence cardiometabolic risk. Additional investigations are warranted to confirm our findings.
Coach Leadership Effect On Elite Handball Players’ Psychological Empowerment And Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Young Han Lee, So-Hee Kim, Joon-Ho Kang
Coach Leadership Effect On Elite Handball Players’ Psychological Empowerment And Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Young Han Lee, So-Hee Kim, Joon-Ho Kang
Young Han Lee
This article examines the significance of the correlation between coach leadership behavior and players' organizational citizenship behavior, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the process. A total of 73 professional handball players from five different teams assessed leadership style, psychological empowerment, and organizational citizenship behavior based on the scale adapted from Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire form 5X. Regression analysis and bootstrap methods were utilized to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings indicated that both transactional and transformational leadership styles significantly predicted players' organizational citizenship behavior. In particular, psychological empowerment played a mediating role in the association between coach leadership and …
The Effects Of Coworker Heterogeneity On Firm-Level Output: Assessing The Impacts Of Cultural And Language Diversity In The National Hockey League, Leo Kahane, Neil Longley, Robert Simmons
The Effects Of Coworker Heterogeneity On Firm-Level Output: Assessing The Impacts Of Cultural And Language Diversity In The National Hockey League, Leo Kahane, Neil Longley, Robert Simmons
Neil Longley
This paper uses data from the National Hockey League (NHL) to consider the potential gains to firms from employing culturally diverse work teams. It finds that the presence of foreign workers does increase firm-level performance: NHL teams that employed a higher proportion of European players performed better. However, the results also indicate that teams perform better when their European players come from the same country rather than being spread across many European countries. When teams have players from a wide array of European countries, integration costs associated with language and cultural differences may start to override any gains from diversity.
[“Calling The Question”] The Politics Of Time In A Time Of Polarized Politics, Elizabeth L. Krause,, Anurag Sharma
[“Calling The Question”] The Politics Of Time In A Time Of Polarized Politics, Elizabeth L. Krause,, Anurag Sharma
Anurag Sharma
In this paper, we examine the role of time in shaping decision-making processes in a town meeting, a type of legislative body common in many New England towns. Town meetings are one of the oldest and most democratic institutions of local governance in the United States, and they provide a rich arena in which to investigate how large groups of people convene and make decisions together. A mixed-methods approach enabled our team of researchers to gain insight into the processes and dynamics that played out in one town meeting. We analyze the tensions between democratic values of “taking time” vs. …
Mate Selection In Cyberspace: The Intersection Of Race, Gender, And Education, Ken-Hou Lin, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Mate Selection In Cyberspace: The Intersection Of Race, Gender, And Education, Ken-Hou Lin, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Dr. Jennifer H. Lundquist
In this article, the authors examine how race, gender, and education jointly shape interaction among heterosexual Internet daters. They find that racial homophily dominates mate-searching behavior for both men and women. A racial hierarchy emerges in the reciprocating process. Women respond only to men of similar or more dominant racial status, while nonblack men respond to all but black women. Significantly, the authors find that education does not mediate the observed racial preferences among white men and white women. White men and white women with a college degree are more likely to contact and to respond to white daters without …
Heritage Interpretation As Public Discourse: Towards A New Paradigm, Neil A. Silberman
Heritage Interpretation As Public Discourse: Towards A New Paradigm, Neil A. Silberman
Neil A. Silberman
No abstract provided.
Material Law, John Brigham
The Racialization Of Us Health Care Reform: The Case Of Gold-Plated Cadillac Health Plans, Emily West
The Racialization Of Us Health Care Reform: The Case Of Gold-Plated Cadillac Health Plans, Emily West
Emily E. West
The term “gold-plated Cadillac health plans” became nationally prominent during John McCain’s run for President in 2008, and high-premium insurance plans continue to be called “Cadillac plans” today. The metaphorical phrase “gold-plated Cadillac” defines health care as a consumer and even a luxury good; implies that owners of these plans are irresponsible, wasteful healthcare consumers; and evokes the stereotype of an “out-of-control” African American consumer. The history of the Cadillac brand and of gold-plated Cadillacs in particular in popular culture demonstrates the salience of these associations. The use of this phrase in recent health care reform debates is considered in …
Open Scholarship And Peer Review: A Time For Experimentation, David Soergel, Adam Saunders, Andrew Mccallum
Open Scholarship And Peer Review: A Time For Experimentation, David Soergel, Adam Saunders, Andrew Mccallum
Andrew McCallum
Across a wide range of scientific communities, there is growing interest in accelerating and improving the progress of scholarship by making the peer review process more open. Multiple new publication venues and services are arising, especially in the life sciences, but each represents a single point in the multi-dimensional landscape of paper and review access for authors, reviewers and readers. In this paper, we introduce a vocabulary for describing the landscape of choices regarding open access, formal peer review, and public commentary. We argue that the opportunities and pitfalls of open peer review warrant experimentation in these dimensions, and discuss …
'Calling The Question': The Politics Of Time In A Time Of Polarized Politics, Elizabeth L. Krause, Anurag Sharma
'Calling The Question': The Politics Of Time In A Time Of Polarized Politics, Elizabeth L. Krause, Anurag Sharma
Elizabeth L. Krause
In this paper, we examine the role of time in shaping decision-making processes in a town meeting, a type of legislative body common in many New England towns. Town meetings are one of the oldest and most democratic institutions of local governance in the United States, and they provide a rich arena in which to investigate how large groups of people convene and make decisions together. A mixed-methods approach enabled our team of researchers to gain insight into the processes and dynamics that played out in one town meeting. We analyze the tensions between democratic values of “taking time” vs. …
Racial Disparities In Us Infant Birth Outcomes: A Protective Effect Of Military Affiliation?, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Racial Disparities In Us Infant Birth Outcomes: A Protective Effect Of Military Affiliation?, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Dr. Jennifer H. Lundquist
Research has been unable to determine why African Americans have higher infant mortality and preterm birth prevalence than whites, even taking into account measurable social and economic differences. This is, in part, due to the difficulty of adequately measuring the impacts of racial inequality and residential segregation. As an alternative approach, this paper comparatively examines infant outcomes among military-affiliated and civilian black and white women. The military setting provides higher-than-average economic equality and universal healthcare access. Although military-affiliated populations are usually left out of most major datasets, we construct a new variable that allows us to identify military affiliation using …
Dynamic Knowledge-Base Alignment For Coreference Resolution, Jianping Zheng, Luke Vilnis, Sameer Singh, Jinho D. Choi, Andrew Mccallum
Dynamic Knowledge-Base Alignment For Coreference Resolution, Jianping Zheng, Luke Vilnis, Sameer Singh, Jinho D. Choi, Andrew Mccallum
Andrew McCallum
Coreference resolution systems can benefit greatly from inclusion of global con- text, and a number of recent approaches have demonstrated improvements when precomputing an alignment to external knowledge sources. However, since alignment itself is a challenging task and is often noisy, existing systems either align conservatively, resulting in very few links, or combine the attributes of multiple candidates, leading to a conflation of entities. Our approach instead maintains ranked lists of candidate entities that are dynamically merged and reranked during inference. Further, we incorporate a large set of surface string variations for each entity by using anchor texts from the …
Mainstreaming Climate In The Classroom: Teaching Climate Change Planning, Elisabeth M. Hamin, Daniel J. Marcucci
Mainstreaming Climate In The Classroom: Teaching Climate Change Planning, Elisabeth M. Hamin, Daniel J. Marcucci
Elisabeth M. Hamin
Climate change planning, both mitigation (reducing greenhouse gasses) and adaptation (designing built environments for changed climate conditions), is an area of emerging importance in both planning practice and education. This research examines the uptake of climate issues in planning education programs primarily in the U.S., and compares course content to leading climate change planning practice and research concepts. Studio and seminar courses are emerging in a variety of universities, and are addressing many of the key research concepts for mitigation and adaptation. Beyond stand-alone classes, the article argues the need to mainstream climate considerations in core planning curricula. Modeling this …