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The University of Maine

Theses/Dissertations

2002

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Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard Dec 2002

Effects Of Different Lowbush Blueberry Purees On Lipid Oxidation In Pre-Cooked Ground Turkey Patties, Kathleen Gabriel Buzzard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A growing trend in the food industry is the development of pre-cooked, ready-to-eat, meat products that only require reheating. However, reheating meats creates off-flavors that have been identified as warmed-over flavors (WOF). The off-flavors pose a problem to product development specialists during the development of cooked meat products. Lipid oxidation has been determined to effect warmed-over flavor, texture, and the appearance of reheated meat products. Ground turkey undergoes lipid oxidation rapidly because of its high-unsaturated fat content. Blueberries contain antioxidants, including anthocyanins and phenolic acids, which could potentially retard the rate of lipid oxidation in precooked meats. Blueberries are assorted …

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The Politics And Values Of Individualists And Collectivists: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, David Y. Bourgeois Dec 2002

The Politics And Values Of Individualists And Collectivists: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, David Y. Bourgeois

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism as testable dimensions of cultural variation. Collectivism emphasizes the primacy of norms, duties, and obligations, whereas individualism favors maximum enjoyment for the individual, interpersonal contracts, and freedom fiom the collectivity. While the horizontal dimension stresses equality, the vertical dimension calls attention to hierarchy. While past research (Triandis, 1995, Triandis & Gelfand, 1998) has demonstrated the convergent and divergent validity of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, it is contended that the Triandis (1 995) measures of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism could provide predictive value by discriminating between attitudinal responses …

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Detection And Generalization Of Spatio-Temporal Trajectories For Motion Imagery, Panayotis Partsinevelos Dec 2002

Detection And Generalization Of Spatio-Temporal Trajectories For Motion Imagery, Panayotis Partsinevelos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In today's world of vast information availability users often confront large unorganized amounts of data with limited tools for managing them. Motion imagery datasets have become increasingly popular means for exposing and disseminating information. Commonly, moving objects are of primary interest in modeling such datasets. Users may require different levels of detail mainly for visualization and further processing purposes according to the application at hand. In this thesis we exploit the geometric attributes of objects for dataset summarization by using a series of image processing and neural network tools. In order to form data summaries we select representative time instances …

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Modeling Multiple Granularities Of Spatial Objects, Chitra Ramalingam Dec 2002

Modeling Multiple Granularities Of Spatial Objects, Chitra Ramalingam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

People conceptualize objects in an information space over different levels of details or granularities and shift among these granularities as necessary for the task at hand. Shifting among granularities is fundamental for understanding and reasoning about an information space. In general, shifting to a coarser granularity can improve one's understanding of a complex information space, whereas shifting to a more detailed granularity reveals information that is otherwise unknown. To arrive at a coarser granularity. objects must be generalized. There are multiple ways to perform generalization. Several generalization methods have been adopted from the abstraction processes that are intuitively carried out …

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Evaluation Of Three Potential Methods For Preventing The Spread Of The Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Kreyer, 1837), Micheal Pietrak Dec 2002

Evaluation Of Three Potential Methods For Preventing The Spread Of The Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Kreyer, 1837), Micheal Pietrak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lepeophtheirus salmonis or salmon lice infections are one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the salmon aquaculture industry. Salmon lice cause an estimated loss of 3% of the production of Maine's salmon industry annually. Within the State of Maine only a portion of the farm sites experience salmon lice infections on an annual basis, while some sites have never had infections of Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Because of the potential impact that salmon lice infections could mean to those areas that to date have been fiee of L. salmonis infections, there has been concern both on the part of the State …

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Biogeochemical Fate Of Sediment-Associated Pah: Effect Of Animal Processing, Anders Michael Bernth Giessing Dec 2002

Biogeochemical Fate Of Sediment-Associated Pah: Effect Of Animal Processing, Anders Michael Bernth Giessing

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biotransformation and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine invertebrates and sediment have been studied. Invertebrates can accumulate and metabolize sediment-associated PAHs to polar and aqueous PAH-derived compounds. The objectives of this study are to identify metabolites of PAHs in species of depositfeeding polychaetes and to examine biogeochemical fate and microbial degradation of the identified metabolites. Two metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, were identified as the primary phase I and phase II metabolites of the tetracyclic PAH pyrene in Nereis diversicolor. Identification was performed using high pressure liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection (HPLC/DAD/F) and an ion-trap …

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Exciplex Tuning And Optical Memory Studies For Dicyanoargentate(1) And Dicyanoaurate(1) Ions Doped In Potassium Chloride Crystals Extension To Mixed Metal Gold And Silver Systems, Samanthika Ruvinie Hettiarachchi Dec 2002

Exciplex Tuning And Optical Memory Studies For Dicyanoargentate(1) And Dicyanoaurate(1) Ions Doped In Potassium Chloride Crystals Extension To Mixed Metal Gold And Silver Systems, Samanthika Ruvinie Hettiarachchi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Exciplex tuning and optical memory behavior of [Ag(CN)2-] and [Au(CN)2-] ions doped in KCl host crystals, pure KAg(CN)2, and pure KAU(CN)2 have been studied. Additionally, d10-d10 (KAu(CN)2-KAg(CN))2) and d10-d8 (KAu(CN)2, KAg(CN)2- K2Pt(CN)4) mixed metal systems have been synthesized and characterized. Several ultraviolet and visible emission bands are observed for [Ag(CN))2-] and [Au(CN)2-] ions doped in KC1 host crystals. Each emission band becomes dominant at a characteristic excitation …

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Critical Amino Acids Of The Gα2 Subunit Helical Domain In Dictyostelium Discoideum, Steven Martin Rauch Dec 2002

Critical Amino Acids Of The Gα2 Subunit Helical Domain In Dictyostelium Discoideum, Steven Martin Rauch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Dictyostelium discoideum organism, the Gα2 subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein signaling complex plays a pivotal role during the aggregation stage in the Dictyostelium life cycle. The biochemical functions of the G-protein complex include separation of the G-protein coupled receptor from the G-protein subunits, GDP displacement by GTP in the Gα subunit, separation of the Gα monomer from the βγ complex, GTP hydrolysis to GDP, activation of adenylyl cyclase as a downstream effector, and activation of guanylyl cyclase as a separate downstream effector. Upon release from the heterotrimer, the βγ subunits lead to downstream activation of the membrane bound adenylyl …

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Evolution Of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei), Peter F. Smith Dec 2002

Evolution Of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei), Peter F. Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The cichlid fish species flocks of East Africa provide a compelling model system in which to study the process of speciation. In Lake Malawi, greater than 1000 species of cichlids have emerged since the filling of the lake basin about 1 million years ago. Over 99% of the Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlids are endemic, suggesting that most of this diversification has taken place within the temporal and spatial boundaries set by the Lake's shores. Moreover, many of these species are endemic to small areas within the lake, indicating that speciation has occurred very recently or perhaps is in progress in …

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Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe Dec 2002

Effects Of Post-Harvest Treatments On The Microbiological Quality And Pesticide Residues Of Lowbush Blueberries, Kristi Michele Crowe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lowbush blueberries of the species Vaccinium angustifohm are native to the Northeast United States. In the state of Maine, lowbush blueberries are commercially managed and harvested each year to be marketed as either IQF (individually quick fiozen) or fiesh pack. Since IQF berries are processed at the field level, post-harvest treatments must be effective in ensuring crop quality and safety. Furthermore, with the increase in concern for microbiological and chemical food safety, post-harvest treatment of lowbush blueberries must be effective in reducing microbial populations and pesticide residues. Currently, the Maine Wild Blueberry Industry incorporates a 50-100ppm chlorinated water spray into …

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Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano Dec 2002

Validation Of Physical Activity Recording By Adolescent Girls, Alison Camesano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physical activity is recorded in bone mineralization studies because physical activity increases bone mass and decreases the risk of osteoporosis. The purpose of this research was to validate a method of physical activity recording used in a longitudinal bone study of adolescent girls. The physical activity recording method was a combination of a diary and an interview-administered recall. The method was validated against an objective measure of physical activity. Twenty-four adolescent girls between the ages of 9.8 and 14.1 wore Stayhealthy RT3 Research Trackers (tri-axial accelerometers) arid recorded their activity for 24 hours on a diary form. The activity records …

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La Quête De L'Identité Dans Deux Romans Acadiens: Le Chemin Saint-Jacques Et Moncton Mantra [The Quest For Identity In Two Acadian Novels: Le Chemin Saint-Jacques And Moncton Mantra], Lisa Pelletier Dec 2002

La Quête De L'Identité Dans Deux Romans Acadiens: Le Chemin Saint-Jacques Et Moncton Mantra [The Quest For Identity In Two Acadian Novels: Le Chemin Saint-Jacques And Moncton Mantra], Lisa Pelletier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In most people's minds the word "Acadian" is synonomous with "Deportation." Between 1755 ans 1763, the British government deported seventy-five percent of the French Neutrals of Acadia, an estimated 11,000 men, women, and children. Immediately after the Treaty of Paris of 1763 and from all parts of the world, Acadians started the return journey. Those who reestablished themselves in Nova Scotia (Acadia no longer existed as a geographic location since 1713) and southern New Brunswick were once again removed from their new lands as Loyalists flowed in by the thousands after their defeat in the American Revolution. The French Acadians …

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Representational Analyses Of Conservation Lands In Maine, Stephanie Orndorff Dec 2002

Representational Analyses Of Conservation Lands In Maine, Stephanie Orndorff

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The three studies reported here (i.e., statewide, southern Maine, and state and federal wildlife areas) identify what areas should be conserved to represent the natural diversity of Maine. Geographic Information System (GIs) technology was used to conduct the analyses comparing the distribution of abiotic and biotic variables representing natural diversity on and off conservation lands. In the statewide analysis, 10 environmental variables were compared on and off conservation lands using ArcGrid with a cell resolution of 1.86 x 1.86 km. The areas found to contain variables that were underrepresented were. combined to identify and map regions with under-represented characteristics. The …

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The Role Of Local Attributes In Community Choice, Michele Ann Mcmahon Dec 2002

The Role Of Local Attributes In Community Choice, Michele Ann Mcmahon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Residential location choices are analyzed to determine the significance of local attributes in the moving decision. A unique data set consisting of 602 recent movers in Maine is used to perform the analysis. Additionally, municipality-level data for 531 municipalities in Maine are used in the analysis. The community-level data are fiscal, social, and environmental in nature. A conditional logit model is estimated to model the choice of community as a function of the community characteristics, and a mixed logit model is estimated to model the choice of community as a function of both community characteristics and characteristics of the household. …

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Two Bioeconomic Studies On Haddock Culture: Live Feed And Juvenile Production, Kate M. Waning Dec 2002

Two Bioeconomic Studies On Haddock Culture: Live Feed And Juvenile Production, Kate M. Waning

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The State of Maine is reliant upon its natural resources. Wild catches of marine finfish, especially ground fish such as cod and haddock, are declining. In addition, several new restrictions have been placed on the culture of Atlantic salmon due to its listing under the Endangered Species Act. These issues serve as an impetus to explore the development of alternative species for cold-water marine aquaculture. This research focuses on early haddock culture. The two areas where haddock culture varies from production of other species are the need for live feeds and proximity to seawater. Unlike salmon, haddock spend their entire …

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Evaluating Conflicts In The Use And Development Of Geographic Information Systems, Amber Bethell Dec 2002

Evaluating Conflicts In The Use And Development Of Geographic Information Systems, Amber Bethell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Use of geographic information systems is increasing in governments, commercial companies, and by individual users. With such pervasive use of GIs there has been surprisingly little investigation of the values that various parties would support in the development of geographic technologies. There are many parties involved in the use of GIs each with opinions of what are good goals for developing and using such systems. This research seeks to determine differences and similarities among parties in the importance placed on supporting specific societal goals germane to the use of geographic technologies and databases. Previous research determined six areas where the …

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The Effect Of Temperature On The Development, Growth And Survival Of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) During Early Life-Histories, Adrian Jordaan Dec 2002

The Effect Of Temperature On The Development, Growth And Survival Of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) During Early Life-Histories, Adrian Jordaan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For poikilothennic animals, and in particular those that inhabit aquatic habitats, temperature has a significant effect on all life processes. The purpose of this research was to investigate the contribution of temperature on embryonic development and survival and its effect on vital rates. Of particular interest was what aspect(s) of egg and larval life-histories are most affected by temperature and what consequence temperature effects may have on cumulative mortality. Three batches of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs were acquired from a Newfoundland source of adult broodstock held at 4555°C. The eggs were divided andacclimated to four constant temperature regimes at …

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Formation And Age Of Raised Marine Beaches, Northern Scott Coast, Antarctica, Nathan Gardner Dec 2002

Formation And Age Of Raised Marine Beaches, Northern Scott Coast, Antarctica, Nathan Gardner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is a key problem because of its potential effect on global sea level and climate. Some geologic evidence suggests that the ice sheet has collapsed in the past, which, if correct, implies that future disintegration is possible. Isolation of the mechanism(s) that have affected WAIS behavior since the last glacial maximum (LGM) may yield information about factors that control it today. Previous studies have indicated thatrecession of the WAIS from the LGM position occurred in the middle to late Holocene. However, the data come fiom points too far south to assess …

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Modeling The Role Of No-Take Marine Reserves In Fisheries Management, Deidre F. Gilbert Dec 2002

Modeling The Role Of No-Take Marine Reserves In Fisheries Management, Deidre F. Gilbert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the potential of no-take marine reserves to benefit fisheries management. Scientific reviews have shown that reserves often lead to substantial increases in the density, biomass, size and diversity of marine fishes inside their boundaries. However, little empirical work has been done to determine the effect of reserves on the fisheries outside their boundaries, such as potential changes in yield, size of fleet, or variability in catch. In order to explore the interaction between the biological growth and dispersion processes of the harvested stock and the changing economic incentives of harvesters created …

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Analysis Of Protistan Grazing On Bioremediative Bacteria Using In Wvo Fluorescent Protein Expression And Flow Cytometry, Yutao Fu Dec 2002

Analysis Of Protistan Grazing On Bioremediative Bacteria Using In Wvo Fluorescent Protein Expression And Flow Cytometry, Yutao Fu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Protistan bacterivory can influence the size distribution, cell structure and composition of natural bacterial communities and is of significant concern for design of bioremediation efforts, yet adequate methods for observation and modeling are lacking. In this investigation, fluorescent protein expression and flow cytometry were used to study protistan grazing on genetically modified strains of several bacterial species that have been considered for use in bioremediation. Broad-host-range plasmids were constructed and used to introduce genes encoding GFP (green fluorescent protein) or RFP (red fluorescent protein) to prey species. A heterotrophic flagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata (Hflag) served as a model predator. Predator-prey interactions …

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Sketch-Based Queries In Mobile Gis-Environments, David Caduff Dec 2002

Sketch-Based Queries In Mobile Gis-Environments, David Caduff

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent achievements in the field of mobile computing and wireless communication promise data retrieval anywhere and anytime. This development provided the basis to expand GIs technology to handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs). Although traditional GIs technology is well suited for desktop workstations, it needs to be adapted in order to satisfy the requirements of users using handheld computing devices. This adaptation is necessary because the usability of traditional GISs depends on characteristics of desktop computers, such as their relatively large user interfaces (e.g., displays, keyboards, pointing devices), considerable computing resources (i.e., CPU, memory, storage, operating systems), and …

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A New Apex Predator In The Gulf Of Maine? Large, Mobile Crabs (Cancer Borealis) Control Benthic Community Structure, Amanda V. Leland Dec 2002

A New Apex Predator In The Gulf Of Maine? Large, Mobile Crabs (Cancer Borealis) Control Benthic Community Structure, Amanda V. Leland

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Apex predators can control community structure by preying on strongly interacting species at lower trophic levels. Fishing of apex predators in the marine realm often results in herbivore dominated systems. In the Gulf of Maine, coastal subtidal communities became dominated by grazing green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droehachiensis) following the extirpation of large, predatory groundfish from coastal zones. Subsequent depletion of sea urchins since the late 1980s functionally eliminated this dominant herbivore from vast regions. Sea urchin recruitment is low or nonexistent in communities dominated by fleshy algae that have developed since the decline of sea urchin populations. We hypothesized that …

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Systematics Of The Cumacea (Crustacea), Pilar A. Haye Dec 2002

Systematics Of The Cumacea (Crustacea), Pilar A. Haye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cumaceans are small benthic crustaceans. They have a marine cosmopolitan distribution with diversity increasing with depth. There are approximately 1,400 described species of cumaceans. Despite the fact that they offer a good model for the study of morphological evolution and biogeography, the studies on the Order Cumacea are almost restricted to work at the alpha taxonomy level. This thesis contributes to the systematics of Cumacea. The phylogenetic relationships within the Cumacea were studied using newly obtained partial amino acid sequences from the mitochondria1 gene Cytochrome Oxidase I. Among other findings, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the families Bodotriidae, Leuconidae, and Nannastacidae, …

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The Effect Of Nitrogen Loading On An Estuarine Faunal Community: A Stable Isotope Approach, Rachel A. Keats Dec 2002

The Effect Of Nitrogen Loading On An Estuarine Faunal Community: A Stable Isotope Approach, Rachel A. Keats

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Coastal ecosystems worldwide face increased nutrient enrichment from shoreline and watershed development and atmospheric pollution. To gain an understanding of the effects of nitrogen loading on the natural faunal community of Ruppia maritima beds in Northeast Creek estuary (Acadia National Park, Maine, USA), we (1) assessed the response of the faunal community to increased nitrogen loading using an in situ enrichment experiment during the summer growing season of 2001 (Chapter I), and (2) completed a description of the natural macroinvertebrate community in the estuary in 2001 with qualitative (May-July) and quantitative (August-October) monthly sample collections (Chapter 2). This study formed …

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Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll Variability Within The Upwelling Zone Near Heceta Bank, Oregon, Jennifer Bosch Dec 2002

Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll Variability Within The Upwelling Zone Near Heceta Bank, Oregon, Jennifer Bosch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heceta Bank, a unique shallow bank on the southern Oregon shelf, is located within the California Current upwelling system. Four years (1998-2001) of 1-km resolution SeaWiFS ocean color satellite data of the Oregon coast are used to provide the first systematic description, and quantification of seasonal and interannual surface chlorophyll variability in the Heceta Bank region of coastal Oregon. The variability over the bank is examined with respect to wind forcing and surface temperature, and compared to the variability observed in topographically simpler shelf regions north and south of the bank. A seasonal cycle with lowest concentrations in the fall …

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Modeling Boundaries Of Influence Among Positional Uncertainty Fields, Joshua P. King Dec 2002

Modeling Boundaries Of Influence Among Positional Uncertainty Fields, Joshua P. King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Within a CIS environment, the proper use of information requires the identification of the uncertainty associated with it. As such, there has been a substantial amount of research dedicated to describing and quantifying spatial data uncertainty. Recent advances in sensor technology and image analysis techniques are making image-derived geospatial data increasingly popular. Along with development in sensor and image analysis technologies have come departures from conventional point-by-point measurements. Current advancements support the transition from traditional point measures to novel techniques that allow the extraction of complex objects as single entities (e.g., road outlines, buildings). As the methods of data extraction …

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Mechanisms Of Print Gloss Development With Controlled Coating Structure, Sung Jai Jeon Aug 2002

Mechanisms Of Print Gloss Development With Controlled Coating Structure, Sung Jai Jeon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Paper gloss and print gloss have long been the subject of research because of their strong influence on end-use performance such as image clarity, contrast, and resolution. This work focuses on the significance of the structural factors of porous coatings on print gloss development in a systematic way to elucidate the governing mechanisms. The coating roughness, porosity, and pore size were the three experimental variables. Generation of well defined model coating structures was a challenge and required the appropriate combinations of pigment, binder, and calendering conditions. Calendering techniques with rough substrates (polyester films) were found to produce various rough surfaces …

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Cognitive Disinhibition And Creativity, Oshin Vartanian Aug 2002

Cognitive Disinhibition And Creativity, Oshin Vartanian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Eysenck (1995) and Martindale (1999) have proposed that creativity is characterized by cognitive disinhibition. Cognitive disinhibition is hypothesized to underlie many of the cognitive processes that have been associated with creative cognition, such as defocused attention and wide associative horizon. Whereas Eysenck (1995) argued that lower cognitive inhibition is a relatively permanent characteristic of the thinking style of creative people, Martindale (1999) has argued that creative people can focus or defocus attention depending on task demands. This dissertation describes four experiments that were designed to test the disinhibition theory in general, and specific predictions derived from Eysenck's and Martindale's versions …

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A Curriculum-Based Approach For Social-Cognitive Skills Training: An Intervention Targeting Aggression In Head Start Preschoolers., Erika Michelle Carpenter Aug 2002

A Curriculum-Based Approach For Social-Cognitive Skills Training: An Intervention Targeting Aggression In Head Start Preschoolers., Erika Michelle Carpenter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a social-cognitive skills training curriculum targeting aggression in Head Start preschoolers. Developmental psychopathology research clearly suggests that early intervention with aggressive preschoolers is critical. Despite the fact that aggressive behavior becomes stable by the elementary school years, there has been relatively little interest in intervening with preschool-aged children. In the present study, the COMPASS program is a 12-session curriculum teaching basic individual social skills (e.g., sharing, questioning, listening). Following the work of Mize and Ladd (1983; 1990), the curriculum was puppet-facilitated and employed the components of instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and …

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The Measure Of Adolescent Heterosocial Competence: Development And Construct Validation, Rachel L. Grover Aug 2002

The Measure Of Adolescent Heterosocial Competence: Development And Construct Validation, Rachel L. Grover

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the widespread consensus regarding the importance of other-sex relationships in adolescence, surprisingly little research has addressed the construct of adolescent heterosocial competence. The goal of this series of studies was to construct a measure of adolescent heterosocial competence, and in doing so, further define the construct. Nearly 500 adolescents participated in a series of four studies that followed the five-step method outlined in Goldfiied and D'Zurilla's (1 969) seminal article on assessing competence. The data generated in the first three studies were used to construct a 40-item multiple-choice measure entitled the Measure of Adolescent Heterosocial Competence (MAHC). These studies …

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