Digital Commons Network^™

Monosexual And Nonmonosexual Women In Same-Sex Couples’ Relationship Quality During The First Five Years Of Parenthood, Abbie E. Goldberg, Randi L. Garcia, Melissa H. Manley

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Research on relationship quality in same-sex couples has rarely focused on (1) couples who are parents, or (2) couples in which partners differ in sexual identity. Insomuch as nonmonosexual women (i.e., women with non-exclusive sexual orientations) experience unique challenges due to monosexism, relationship quality may be influenced by whether partners share a monosexual or nonmonosexual identity. The current study is a longitudinal, dyadic analysis of 118 female parents within 63 same-sex couples whose relationship quality (relationship maintenance, conflict, love, ambivalence) was assessed at five time points across the first 5 years of adoptive parenthood. Monosexual women were those who identified …

Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization In Women, Fernando Ribeiro, Ilda P. Ribeiro, Ana C. Gonçalves, Alberto J. Alves, Elsa Melo, Raquel Fernandes, Rui Costa, Ana B. Sarmento-Ribeiro, José A. Duarte, Isabel M. Carreira, Sarah Witkowski, José Oliveira

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

This study aimed to determine the effect of a single bout of resistance exercise at different intensities on the mobilization of circulating EPCs over 24 hours in women. In addition, the angiogenic factors stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured as potential mechanisms for exercise-induced EPCs mobilization. Thirty-eight women performed a resistance exercise session at an intensity of 60% (n = 13), 70% (n = 12) or 80% (n = 13) of one repetition maximum. Each session was comprised of three sets of 12 repetitions of four exercises: …

Repairing Gaps In Kinari-2 For Large Scale Protein And Flexibility Analysis Applications, Magdalena Metlicka, Mojtaba Nouri Bygi, Ileana Streinu

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Pebble game rigidity analysis is a combinatorial method, implemented in our free web server KinariWeb, for extracting protein rigidity and flexibility information without performing costly molecular dynamics simulations. Due to the idiosynchrasies of the data in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), Kinari succeeds only on a fraction of the available files. Motivated by large scale applications, aiming at processing almost all the PDB files, we have recently developed a faster and more robust version, the phased pebble game algorithm. It is specifically designed to take advantage of the sequential structure of biopolymers. However, the structural data available in the Protein …

Monetary Policy Regime Change And Regional Inflation Dynamics: Looking Through The Lens Of Sector-Level Data For Korea, Chi Young Choi, Joo Yong Lee, Róisín O'Sullivan

Economics: Faculty Publications

This paper explores the impact of the adoption of inflation targeting (IT) on the dynamics of city-level inflation in Korea using both aggregate and sector-level data. When looking at aggregate regional inflation, we find that the mean, volatility and persistence fell in all cities in the wake of the monetary policy regime change, consistent with other evidence in the literature. Delving more deeply into the disaggregate data reveals additional insights however. For most of the changes we observe in the dynamics of regional inflation, we find that the aggregate effects are being driven primarily by sectors that fall into the …

Intraspecific Differences In Molecular Stress Responses And Coral Pathobiome Contribute To Mortality Under Bacterial Challenge In Acropora Millepora, Rachel M. Wright, Carly D. Kenkel, Carly E. Dunn, Erin N. Shilling, Line K. Bay, Mikhail V. Matz

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Disease causes significant coral mortality worldwide; however, factors responsible for intraspecific variation in disease resistance remain unclear. We exposed fragments of eight Acropora millepora colonies (genotypes) to putatively pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp.). Genotypes varied from zero to >90% mortality, with bacterial challenge increasing average mortality rates 4-6 fold and shifting the microbiome in favor of stress-associated taxa. Constitutive immunity and subsequent immune and transcriptomic responses to the challenge were more prominent in high-mortality individuals, whereas low-mortality corals remained largely unaffected and maintained expression signatures of a healthier condition (i.e., did not launch a large stress response). Our results suggest that …

Enhancing Paternal Engagement In A Coparenting Paradigm, Marsha Kline Pruett, Kyle D. Pruett, Carolyn P. Cowan, Philip A. Cowan

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

Despite the benefits for children and families of fathers who are involved positively with their children, most parenting programs in the United States and globally focus on and collect evaluation data from mothers almost exclusively. Engaging fathers is still viewed as a complex endeavor that is only somewhat successful. In this article, we summarize what is known about engaging fathers in parenting programs, then argue that programs are most effective when coparenting is the focus early in family formation. We rely on two decades of the Supporting Father Involvement program as an example of an initiative that has been effective …

Genetic Targeting And Anatomical Registration Of Neuronal Populations In The Zebrafish Brain With A New Set Of Bac Transgenic Tools, Dominique Förster, Irene Arnold-Ammer, Eva Laurell, Alison J. Barker, António M. Fernandes, Karin Finger-Baier, Alessandro Filosa, Thomas O. Helmbrecht, Yvonne Kölsch, Enrico Kühn, Estuardo Robles, Krasimir Slanchev, Tod R. Thiele, Herwig Baier, Fumi Kubo

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Genetic access to small, reproducible sets of neurons is key to an understanding of the functional wiring of the brain. Here we report the generation of a new Gal4- and Cre-driver resource for zebrafish neurobiology. Candidate genes, including cell type-specific transcription factors, neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides, were selected according to their expression patterns in small and unique subsets of neurons from diverse brain regions. BAC recombineering, followed by Tol2 transgenesis, was used to generate driver lines that label neuronal populations in patterns that, to a large but variable extent, recapitulate the endogenous gene expression. We used image registration to characterize, …

Pyritized Cryogenian Cyanobacteria Fossils From Arctic Alaska, Kelsey R. Moore, Tanja Bosak, Francis Macdonald, Kimberly Du, Sharon A. Newman, Daniel J.G. Lahr, Sara B. Pruss

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The Cryogenian was a time of climatic extremes, with two extended and severe global glaciations bracketing hothouse conditions. The effect of these extreme climate conditions on ocean chemistry and the marine biosphere remain poorly understood. Most of the previous studies of the fossil record from this interval focus on benthic organisms, with few examples of organisms with an inferred planktonic lifestyle and no firm evidence for photosynthetic organisms. Here, we present helically coiled, straight, and curved fossils composed of fine crystalline or framboidal pyrite in limestone samples from the Ikiakpuk formation of Arctic Alaska. These structures are morphologically identical to …

Perceived Self-To-Other Similarity As A Mediator Of The Effects Of Gender And Racial Composition On Identification In Small Groups, Randi L. Garcia

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Two group studies tested the mediating role of perceived diversity in the link between actual demographic composition and an individual’s identification with a small group. In these studies, a new type of dyadic perceived diversity—self-to-other perceived similarity—is introduced and measured. Further, a group actor partner interdependence model (GAPIM) approach was used to test mediation of the link between actual demographic composition and identification by perceived self-to-other similarity. In Study 1, 4- and 5-person small groups varying in gender composition interacted face-to-face. Results showed mediation of the effect of similarity in gender on group identification by self-to-other similarity. In Study 2, …

Mapping Class Group Orbits Of Curves With Self-Intersections, Patricia Cahn, Federica Fanoni, Bram Petri

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

We study mapping class group orbits of homotopy and isotopy classes of curves with self-intersections. We exhibit the asymptotics of the number of such orbits of curves with a bounded number of self-intersections, as the complexity of the surface tends to infinity.

We also consider the minimal genus of a subsurface that contains the curve. We determine the asymptotic number of orbits of curves with a fixed minimal genus and a bounded self-intersection number, as the complexity of the surface tends to infinity.

As a corollary of our methods, we obtain that most curves that are homotopic are also isotopic. …

A Churn For The Better: Localizing Censorship Using Network-Level Path Churn And Network Tomography, Shinyoung Cho, Abbas Razaghpanah, Rishab Nithyanand, Phillipa Gill

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Recent years have seen the Internet become a key vehicle for citizens around the globe to express political opinions and organize protests. This fact has not gone unnoticed, with countries around the world repurposing network management tools (e.g., URL iltering products) and protocols (e.g., BGP, DNS) for censorship. Previous work has focused on identifying how censorship is performed. However, there is no major studies to identify, at a global scale, the networks responsible for performing censorship. Also, repurposing network products for censorship can have unintended international impact, which we refer to as lcensorship leakagež. While there have been anecdotal reports …

Total Molecular Gas Masses Of Planck – Herschel Selected Strongly Lensed Hyper Luminous Infrared Galaxies, K. C. Harrington, M. S. Yun, B. Magnelli, D. T. Frayer, A. Karim, A. Weiß, D. Riechers, E. F. Jiménez-Andrade, D. Berman, James Lowenthal, F. Bertoldi

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report the detection of CO(1–0) line emission from seven Planck and Herschel selected hyper luminous (LIR(8−1000μm) > 1013 L⊙) infrared galaxies with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). CO(1–0) measurements are a vital tool to trace the bulk molecular gas mass across all redshifts. Our results place tight constraints on the total gas content of these most apparently luminous high-z star-forming galaxies (apparent IR luminosities of LIR > 1013 − 14 L⊙), while we confirm their predetermined redshifts measured using the Large Millimeter Telescope, LMT (zCO = 1.33–3.26). The CO(1–0) lines show similar profiles as compared to Jup = 2–4 transitions previously …

Why Roma Children Need Language Assessments In Romani, Hristo Kyuchukov, Jill De Villiers, Andrea Takahesu Tabori

Psychology: Faculty Publications

In this paper we make one major point: that Roma children in Europe need to be tested in their mother tongue before school placement. Roma children are in a particularly perilous position with respect to their education. We describe the problematic linguistic situation of Roma children, who are bilingual and often bidialectal, but are frequently evaluated in the language of the state for educational placement, a process that has been shown to significantly compromise their chance of success. We then review the considerable empirical evidence that bilingual children must be evaluated in both languages to give a fair assessment of …

Efficient Pebble Game Algorithms Engineered For Protein Rigidity Applications, Mojtaba Nouri Bygi, Ileana Streinu

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Pebble game rigidity analysis is an efficient method for extracting rigidity and flexibility information of biomolecules without performing costly molecular dynamics simulations. The standard algorithm works on a multi-graph associated to a mechanical model constructed from an arbitrary atom-bond network. Motivated by large scale protein flexibility and simulated unfolding applications, we have developed a faster and more robust variation tailored to the specificities of bio-polymers. We describe this new phased pebble game as implemented in the new version of our software Kinari-2.

Critiquing Concubinage: Sumiya Koume And Changing Gender Roles In Modern Japan, Marnie S. Anderson

History: Faculty Publications

In 1893, Sumiya Koume (1850–1920) wrote an essay for the prominent women’s journal Jogaku zasshi(Women’s Education Magazine) entitled ‘I Recommend Against Becoming a Geisha or Concubine’. In it, she critiqued both roles and exhorted women who were serving as geisha not to become concubines. She did not mention that she herself had worked as both a geisha and a concubine (tekake or mekake). By the time she wrote her essay, she had also served as a political activist as well as a social reformer and missionary. Sumiya’s life sheds light on the transitional nature of the early …

Distribution Of Abundant And Active Planktonic Ciliates In Coastal And Slope Waters Off New England, Sarah J. Tucker, George B. Mcmanus, Laura A. Katz, Jean-David Grattepanche

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Despite their important role of linking microbial and classic marine food webs, data on biogeographical patterns of microbial eukaryotic grazers are limited, and even fewer studies have used molecular tools to assess active (i.e., those expressing genes) community members. Marine ciliate diversity is believed to be greatest at the chlorophyll maximum, where there is an abundance of autotrophic prey, and is often assumed to decline with depth. Here, we assess the abundant (DNA) and active (RNA) marine ciliate communities throughout the water column at two stations off the New England coast (Northwest Atlantic)—a coastal station 43 km from shore (40 …

The City-Child's Quest: Spatiality And Sociality In Paule Marshall's The Fisher King, Daphne Lamothe

Africana Studies: Faculty Publications

In The Fisher King, Paule Marshall depicts urban spatial and social relations that resonate with the psychic and social ruptures of the African Diaspora. The novel’s central characters comprise a blended family with Southern African American and Caribbean roots. They reckon with problems of social marginalization, alienation, and fragmentation, engendered by their various experiences of dislocation. While mindful of the diverse histories, values, and worldviews within black America’s heterogeneous collectivity, Marshall ultimately privileges black women’s perspectives on the limits and possibilities of traversing geographic and social spaces. Hattie Carmichael, the “City child” who occupies the moral center of the novel, …

Economic Conditions And Supplemental Security Income Application, Austin Nichols, Lucie Schmidt, Purvi Sevak

Economics: Faculty Publications

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is one of the most important means-tested transfer programs in the United States. This article examines whether economic conditions affect the likelihood that jobless adults with disabilities apply for SSI payments. Using data for 1996-2010 from the Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to Social Security administrative records, we examine jobless individuals and observe state unemployment rates at both the time their unemployment spell began and the time they applied for SSI. Hazard model estimates suggest that SSI application is positively associated with an increase in the unemployment rate during an individual's jobless spell but …

(Close) The Door, The King (Is Going): The Development Of Elliptical Resolution In Bha Mīmāṃsā, Malcolm Keating

Philosophy: Faculty Publications

This paper examines three commentaries on the Śabdapariccheda in Kumārila Bhaṭṭa’s Ślokavārttika, along with the the seventeenth century Bha Mīmāṃsā work, the Mānameyodaya. The focus is the Mīmāṃsā principle that only sentences communicate qualified meanings and Kumārila’s discussion of a potential counter-example to this claim–single words which appear to communicate such content. I argue that there is some conflict among commentators over precisely what Kumārila describes with the phrase sāmarthyād anumeyetvād, although he is most likely describing ellipsis completion through arthāpatti. The paper attempts both a cogent exegesis and philosophical evaluation of the Bha Mīmāṃsā view of ellipsis completion, arguing …

Isolated Character Forms From Dated Syriac Manuscripts, Nicholas Howe, Minyue Dai, Michael Penn

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

This paper describes a set of hand-isolated character samples selected from securely dated manuscripts written in Syriac between 300 and 1300 C.E., which are being made available for research purposes. The collection can be used for a number of applications, including ground truth for character segmentation and form analysis for paleographical dating. Several applications based upon convolutional neural networks demonstrate the possibilities of the data set.

The Role Of Social Anarchism And Geography In Constructing A Radical Agenda: A Response To David Harvey, Martha A. Ackelsberg, Myrna Margulies Breitbart

Study of Women and Gender: Faculty Publications

David Harvey’s response to Simon Springer (2014) raises important questions about the places from which to draw ideas for a radical geography agenda. Nevertheless, Harvey ignores critical contributions that social anarchists (including social geographers) have made to understanding both the theory and practice of social transformation. We draw on studies of the anarchist movement in Spain before and during the Spanish Civil War to explore some of what social anarchism has to contribute to geography and contemporary struggles for a more equitable society.

Chronological Profiling For Paleography, Nicholas Howe, Stephanie Xie

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

This paper approaches manuscript dating from a Bayesian perspective. Prior work on paleographic date recovery has generally sought to predict a single date for a manuscript. Bayesian analysis makes it possible to estimate a probability distribution that varies with respect to time. This in turn enables a number of alternative analyses that may be of more use to practitioners. For example, it may be useful to identify a range of years that will include a document’s creation date with a particular confidence level. The methods are demonstrated on a selection of Syriac documents created prior to 1300 CE.

Influence Of The Megathrust Earthquake Cycle On Upper-Plate Deformation In The Cascadia Forearc Of Washington State, Usa, Jaime E. Delano, Colin B. Amos, John P. Loveless, Tammy M. Rittenour, Brian L. Sherrod, Emerson M. Lynch

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The influence of subduction zone earthquake cycle processes on permanent forearc deformation is poorly understood. In the Cascadia subduction zone forearc of Washington State, USA, deformed and incised fluvial terraces serve as archives of longer-term (103–104 yr) strain manifest as both fluvial incision and slip on upper-plate faults. We focus on comparing these geomorphic records in the Wynoochee River valley in the southern Olympic Mountains with short-term (101 yr) deformation driven by interseismic subduction zone coupling. We use optically stimulated luminescence dating and high-resolution elevation data to characterize strath terrace incision and differential uplift across the Canyon River fault, which …

Predicting Dry‐Season Flows With A Monthly Rainfall–Runoff Model: Performance For Gauged And Ungauged Catchments, Perrine Hamel, Andrew John Guswa, Jake Sahl, Lu Zhang

Engineering: Faculty Publications

Hydrologic models are useful to understand the effects of climate and land‐use changes on dry‐season flows. In practice, there is often a trade‐off between simplicity and accuracy, especially when resources for catchment management are scarce. Here, we evaluated the performance of a monthly rainfall–runoff model (dynamic water balance model, DWBM) for dry‐season flow prediction under climate and land‐use change. Using different methods with decreasing amounts of catchment information to set the four model parameters, we predicted dry‐season flow for 89 Australian catchments and verified model performance with an independent dataset of 641 catchments in the United States. For the Australian …

America’S Machiavellian: Gouverneur Morris At The Constitutional Convention, John Patrick Coby

Government: Faculty Publications

While generally a steady ally of James Madison and the nationalists, Gouverneur Morris, delegate from Pennsylvania, worked from a different conception of republican politics. Morris's republicanism was more old than new, relying on the divided sovereignty of a mixed regime to protect the rights of citizens and minorities. This conception, it is argued here, bears the stamp of Machiavelli, especially regarding the relationship of the classes and the role of the executive. Like Machiavelli—but unlike Madison—Morris wanted to underscore society's class divisions, organizing the representatives of rich and poor into two distinct, and hostile, chambers of the legislature. And like …

Greater Data Science At Baccalaureate Institutions, Amelia Mcnamara, Nicholas J. Horton, Benjamin S. Baumer

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Insights Into Transgenerational Epigenetics From Studies Of Ciliates, Olivia A. Pilling, Anna J. Rogers, Bethaney Gulla-Devaney, Laura A. Katz

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Epigenetics, a term with many meanings, can be broadly defined as the study of dynamic states of the genome. Ciliates, a clade of unicellular eukaryotes, can teach us about the intersection of epigenetics and evolution due to the advantages of working with cultivable ciliate lineages, plus their tendency to express extreme phenotypes such as heritable doublet morphology. Moreover, ciliates provide a powerful model for studying epigenetics given the presence of dimorphic nuclei – a somatic macronucleus and germline micronucleus – within each cell. Here, we exemplify the power of studying ciliates to learn about epigenetic phenomena. We highlight “classical” examples …

Kahn Chronicle: Fall 2017, Smith College, Kahn Liberal Arts Institute

Kahn Chronicle

Table of Contents:

New Home, New Features for Kahn Institute—21 Henshaw Ave.
Faculty, Staff Invited to Apply for 2018-19 Projects, Attend Info Sessions
Fall 2017 Neilson Professor Lecture Series
Preeminent Speakers Visiting the Kahn this Fall as Guests of War
2018-19 Yearlong Project Descriptions
A Note from the Director: A New Home in Every Sense—Complete with Sandbox!

Monopoly Regulation Under Asymmetric Information: Prices Versus Quantities, Leonardo J. Basso, Nicolás Figueroa, Jorge Vásquez

Economics: Faculty Publications

We compare two instruments to regulate a monopoly that has private information about its demand or costs: fixing either the price or quantity. For each instrument, we consider sophisticated (screening) and simple (bunching) mechanisms. We characterize the optimal mechanisms and compare their welfare performance. With unknown demand and increasing marginal costs, the sophisticated price mechanism dominates that of quantity, whereas the sophisticated quantity mechanism may prevail when marginal costs decrease. The simple price mechanism dominates that of quantity when marginal costs decrease, but the opposite may arise if marginal costs increase. With unknown costs, both instruments are equivalent.

Posthumanism, Animism, And Sérgio Medeiros’S Pluriverse Poetics, Malcolm Mcnee

Spanish and Portuguese: Faculty Publications

The works of Sérgio Medeiros are populated by a multitude of beings of diverse and often shifting orders and species. Drawing upon intersecting conceptual orientations of animal and multispecies studies, posthumanism, and ecocriticism, I survey a range of interspecies encounters and worldings in Medeiros’s writing, especially his collection of poems, O choro da aranha, etc.(2013). As Medeiros pointedly draws inspiration from diverse aesthetic and philosophical traditions—from Amerindian cosmogonies and verbal arts to Japanese Zen poetry and various strains of modernist avantgardism—I trace here as a unifying feature his engagement with animist imaginings and a post- or anti-anthropocentric unsettling of …