Digital Commons Network^™

Educational Leadership And The University Of Guyana: A Critical Look, Kerwin A. Livingstone

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Selling Your Soul On The Information Superhighway: Consenting To Services In Direct To Consumer Tele-Mental Health, Lauri Goldkind, Lea Wolf

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• [Putlocker-HD] # Watch Where'd You Go, Bernadette (2019) Online Full Movie Full HD || Mira por la borda (2019) Gratis Online Mira por la borda 2019 Película completa HD Subtítulo Where'd You Go, Bernadette Completa la película Transmisión completa Película por la borda (2019) Descarga gratuita en línea HD Completa Mira por la borda 2019 En línea Gratis Putlocker Película Where'd You Go, Bernadette 2019 Streaming. [{ULTrA-HD}] ::! >> WATCH ~ Where'd You Go, Bernadette / Full Movie Online And Free
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• Título : Where'd You Go, Bernadette 
• Lanzamiento : 2019-08-16
• Producción : Annapurna Pictures
• Genre : Drama, Comedia
• Estrellas : …

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Civil Rights And Shareholder Activism: Sec V. Medical Committee For Human Rights, Sarah C. Haan

Sarah Haan

This article builds upon the author's remarks at the 2018-2019 Lara D. Gass Annual Symposium: Civil Rights and Shareholder Activism at Washington and Lee University School of Law, February 15, 2019.

What does “corporate democracy” mean? How far does federal law go to guarantee public company investors a say in a firm’s policies on important social, environmental, or political issues? In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court appeared ready to start sketching the contours of corporate democracy—and then, at the last minute, it pulled back. This Article tells the story of Securities and Exchange Commission v. Medical Committee for Human Rights …

White Collar Crime And Morality: How Occupation Shapes Perception, Marshall Schmidt

Marshall Schmidt

White-collar crime is on the rise in the United States and globally. The general public has historically been seen as apathetic to white-collar criminals and their crimes; however more recent studies have shown that prior conclusions on perceptions of white-collar criminals may have been inaccurate. In this paper, I examine the role that occupation has in forming perceptions of white-collar criminals. Using Status Characteristics Theory, a structural social psychological theory that links an individual's status characteristics to evaluations of their morality, trustworthiness and competency, vignette experiments are constructed that allow for offender status and offense seriousness in various white collar …

Customers’ Goal-Related Behavior In Loyalty Programs, Junzhou Zhang

Junzhou Zhang

Goal plays a vital role in the purposive behavior of consumers, and goal pursuit represents an important psychological mechanism under loyalty programs. The purpose of my dissertation is to understand loyalty program members’ goal pursuit behavior and uncover the underlying psychological mechanisms.

The first essay examined how success or failure to achieve a tier goal affects consumers’ subsequent goal pursuit behavior. Specifically, utilizing two lab experiments and 5,719 customers’ flight activities data from a major airline’s multi-tiered frequent flyer program, this essay studied the effect of goal completion magnitude on individuals’ effort toward achieving subsequent goals, and how goal type …

Computer/Video Games As A Play Therapy Tool In Reducing Emotional Disturbances In Children, Kevin Boyd Hull

Kevin Hull

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of computer/video games as a play therapy tool for children suffering from an emotional disturbance of sadness (pervasive feelings of irritability, loss of enjoyment in activities previously enjoyed, withdrawal from friends or family, decline in school performance, and hopelessness). Children who suffer from emotional disturbances have problems functioning in school, in social and family settings, as well as transitioning into adulthood. Play therapy is an effective and creative way to work with children with emotional disturbances. Play becomes a way for the child to communicate and heal. Computer/video games are …

The Importance Of Informal Work In Supplementing Household Income, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman

Susan N. Houseman

No abstract provided.

Unconditional Cash Transfers For Reducing Poverty And Vulnerabilities: Effect On Use Of Health Services And Health Outcomes In Low-And Middle-Income Countries, Frank Pega, Sze Yan Liu, Stefan Walter, Roman Pabayo, Ruhi Saith, S L. Lhachimi

Sze Yan Liu

Background

Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs; provided without obligation) for reducing poverty and vulnerabilities (e.g. orphanhood, old age or HIV infection) are a type of social protection intervention that addresses a key social determinant of health (income) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The relative effectiveness of UCTs compared with conditional cash transfers (CCTs; provided so long as the recipient engages in prescribed behaviours such as using a health service or attending school) is unknown.

Objectives

To assess the effects of UCTs for improving health services use and health outcomes in vulnerable children and adults in LMICs. Secondary objectives are to …

Unconditional Cash Transfers For Assistance In Humanitarian Disasters: Effects On The Use Of Health Services And Health Outcomes In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Frank Pega, Sze Yan Liu, Stefan Walter, S K. Lhachimi

Sze Yan Liu

BACKGROUND:

Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) are a common social protection intervention that increases income, a key social determinant of health, in disaster contexts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the effects of UCTs in improving health services use, health outcomes, social determinants of health, health care expenditure, and local markets and infrastructure in LMICs. We also compared the relative effectiveness of UCTs delivered in-hand with in-kind transfers, conditional cash transfers, and UCTs paid through other mechanisms.

SEARCH METHODS:

We searched 17 academic databases, including the Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews …

Trends In Nonresident Abortion Rates In New York City From 2005 To 2015: A Time Series Analysis, Emily White Johansson, Erica Lee Argov, Aileen Langston, Alison Yager, Hannah Searing, Sze Yan Liu

Sze Yan Liu

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To examine trends and utilization patterns of NYC abortion services by nonresidents since growing abortion restrictions across many states could drive women to seek care in less restrictive jurisdictions including NYC.

STUDY DESIGN:

We used data from Induced Termination of Pregnancy certificates filed with the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene in 2005-2015. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was fit to the monthly nonresident abortion rate time series. Pearson's χ² tests determined associations between women's residence and other variables.

RESULTS:

During 2005-2015, 885,816 abortions were reported in NYC, with 76,990 (8.7%) among nonresidents; 50,211 …

The Association Between Blood Pressure And Years Of Schooling Versus Educational Credentials: Test Of The Sheepskin Effect, Sze Yan Liu, Stephen L. Buka, Crystal D. Linkletter, Ichiro Kawachi, Laura Kubzansky, Eric B. Loucks

Sze Yan Liu

Purpose

Attaining a degree may offer greater opportunities for health than years of schooling alone. This study examines whether there is a degree, or “sheepskin”, effect on the association between education and blood pressure.

Methods

Multivariable-adjusted ordinal and linear regression models assessed associations of years of schooling and degree attainment with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a sample of 552 adults aged 38–47 years.

Results

Years of schooling was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure adjusting for age, gender and race (β=−0.4, 95% CL:−0.7,−0.1 mmHg systolic blood pressure/year of schooling). Additional adjustment for mother’s education, childhood verbal intelligence quotient, …

The Role Of Place In Explaining Racial Heterogeneity In Cognitive Outcomes Among Older Adults, Sze Yan Liu, M Maria Glymou, Laura B. Zahodne, Christopher Weiss, Jennifer J. Manly

Sze Yan Liu

Racially patterned disadvantage in Southern states, especially during the formative years of primary school, may contribute to enduring disparities in adult cognitive outcomes. Drawing on a lifecourse perspective, we examine whether state of school attendance affects cognitive outcomes in older adults and partially contributes to persistent racial disparities. Using data from older African American and white participants in the national Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the New York based Washington Heights Inwood Cognitive Aging Project (WHICAP), we estimated age-and gender-adjusted multilevel models with random effects for states predicting years of education and cognitive outcomes (e.g., memory and vocabulary). We …

Structural Racism And Odds For Infant Mortality Among Infants Born In The United States 2010, Roman Pabayo, Amy Ehntholt, Kara L. Davis, Sze Yan Liu, Peter Muening, Daniel Cook

Sze Yan Liu

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

While ecological studies indicate that high levels of structural racism within US states are associated with elevated infant mortality rates, studies using individual-level data are needed. To determine whether indicators of structural racism are associated with the individual odds for infant mortality among white and black infants in the US.

METHODS:

We used data on 2,163,096 white and 590,081 black infants from the 2010 US Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Files. Structural racism indicators were ratios of relative proportions of blacks to whites for these domains: electoral (registered to vote and voted; state legislature representation), employment (civilian labor …

Structural Racism And Severe Maternal Morbidity In New York State, Sze Yan Liu, Christina Fiorentini, Zinzi Bailey, Mary Huynh, Katherine Mcveigh, Deborah Kaplan

Sze Yan Liu

ABSTRACT

Objective: We examined the association between county-level structural racism indicators and the odds of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in New York State.

Design: We merged individual-level hospitalization data from the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) with county-level data from the American Community Survey and the Vera Institute of Justice from 2011 to 2013 (n = 244 854). Structural racism in each county included in our sample was constructed as the racial inequity (ratio of black to white population) in female educational attainment, female employment, and incarceration.ReSulT S: Multilevel logistic regression analysis …

Self-Reported And Measured Hypertension Among Older Us- And Foreign-Born Adults, Kellee White, Mauricio Avedano, J Robin Moon, Benjamin Capistrant, Sze Yan Liu, M Maria Glymour

Sze Yan Liu

Self-reported hypertension is frequently used for health surveillance. However, little is known about the validity of self-reported hypertension among older Americans by nativity status. This study compared self-reported and measured hypertension among older black, white, and Hispanic Americans by nativity using the 2006 and 2008 Health and Retirement Study (n = 13,451). Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported hypertension were calculated using the Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure definition. Sensitivity was high among older blacks (88.9%), whites (82.8%), and Hispanics (84.0%), and both foreign-born (83.2%) and US-born (84.0%). Specificity …

Residential Modifications And Decline In Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Elderly, Sze Yan Liu, Kate L. Lapane

Sze Yan Liu

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study is to quantify the effect of residential modification on decreasing risk of physical function decline in 2 years.

DESIGN:

Cohort study using propensity scores method to control for baseline differences between individuals with residential modifications and those without residential modifications.

PARTICIPANTS:

Participants (N = 9,447) were from the Second Longitudinal Study on Aging, a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population, aged 70 years and older in the United States at the time of baseline interview in 1994-1995.

METHODS:

Participants self-reported residential modifications at baseline (e.g., railings, bathroom modifications). Decline in physical functioning …

Instrumental Variable Approaches To Identifying The Causal Effect Of Educational Attainment On Dementia Risk, Thu T. Nguyen, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Ichiro Kawachi, Stephen E. Gilman, Stefan Walter, Sze Yan Liu, M Maria Glymour

Sze Yan Liu

PURPOSE:

Education is an established correlate of cognitive status in older adulthood, but whether expanding educational opportunities would improve cognitive functioning remains unclear given limitations of prior studies for causal inference. Therefore, we conducted instrumental variable (IV) analyses of the association between education and dementia risk, using for the first time in this area, genetic variants as instruments as well as state-level school policies.

METHODS:

IV analyses in the Health and Retirement Study cohort (1998-2010) used two sets of instruments: (1) a genetic risk score constructed from three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 7981); and (2) compulsory schooling laws (CSLs) …

Hospital Readmissions For Childhood Asthma: The Role Of Individual And Neighborhood Factors., Sze Yan Liu, Deborah Pearlman

Sze Yan Liu

Objectives

This study used a Cox proportional hazards model to determine whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with risk of readmission for childhood asthma independently of individual characteristics.

Methods

Rhode Island Hospital Discharge Data from 2001 to 2005 were used to identify children younger than 19 years of age at the time of the index (i.e., first) asthma admission, defined as a primary diagnosis of asthma or a primary diagnosis of respiratory illness with a secondary or tertiary diagnosis of asthma (n=2,919). Hazard ratios of repeat hospitalizations for childhood asthma from 2001 to 2005 were estimated, controlling for individual- …

Implications Of Lifecourse Epidemiology For Research On Determinants Of Adult Disease, Sze Yan Liu, R N. Jones, M Maria Glymour

Sze Yan Liu

Many diseases commonly associated with aging are now thought to have social and physiologic antecedents in early life. Understanding how the timing of exposure to early life risk factors influences later-life health may illuminate mechanisms driving adult health inequalities and identify possible points for effective interventions. Recognizing chronic diseases as developing across the lifecourse also has implications for the conduct of research on adult risk factors for disease. We review alternative conceptual models that describe how the timing of risk factor exposure relates to the development of disease. We propose some expansions of lifecourse models to improve their relevance for …

Historical Differences In School Term Length And Measured Blood Pressure: Contributions To Persistent Racial Disparities Among Us-Born Adults, Sze Yan Liu, Jennifer M. Manly, Benjamin Capistrant, M Maria Glymour

Sze Yan Liu

Abstract

Introduction

Legally mandated segregation policies dictated significant differences in the educational experiences of black and white Americans through the first half of the 20^th century, with markedly lower quality in schools attended by black children. We determined whether school term length, a common marker of school quality, was associated with blood pressure and hypertension among a cohort of older Americans who attended school during the de jure segregation era.

Methods

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I and II data were linked to state level historical information on school term length. We used race and gender-stratified linear regression …