Digital Commons Network^™

Personal Green Spaces During The Pandemic - Perceptions Towards Urban Home Gardens During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Bengaluru, India, Varsha Bhaskaran, Charles Nilon

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented changes in a short span of time to people’s life and living. Being in a lockdown, especially in urban areas, has led to changes in the way people perceive nature around them and within their homes. Research on this topic in the cities of the global south has been limited with even fewer studies in Indian cities. To begin to address this gap, in this exploratory study we interviewed 30 residents of Bengaluru, India to understand how they perceived the changes they experienced in their home gardens and in the nature around their …

Vulnerability Assessment Of Urban And Peri-Urban Areas In Dhaka: Exploring Ecosystem Service Loss, Md Tousif Tanzir, Kh Shakibul Islam, Md. Raihanul Islam, Hasan M. Abdullah, Abdul Kaium Tuhin

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Rapid unplanned development, a primary cause of urban change, endangers ecosystems greatly. Quantifying ecosystem services helps portray the declining ecological functions caused by the urban land cover change. Dhaka, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, exerts little effort toward sustainability; affecting both the inner city and the outer periphery (peri-urban area) called extend Dhaka (5 km buffer from the city's border). This study examines Dhaka's urban growth impact on ecosystem service values (ESV) from 2004-2020 and projects these impacts to 2050, considering three scenarios: business as usual (BAU), conservation, and development. We employed Landsat images, different …

The Importance Of Urban Eco-Gardens For Biodiversity And Human Sustainability: A Case Study From Palestine, Mazin B. Qumsiyeh, Mohammad H. Najajrah, Elias N. Handal, Johanna Gideon, Mohammed A. Abusarhan, Ruediger Prasse

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The situation in Palestine is of concern where global threats of climate change, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, and pollution are compounded by occupation and conflict. Thus, almost 1/3^rd of vascular plant species are rare and over 50 are listed as endangered or rare based on their abundance and presence in grids studied earlier. Here, we describe the development of a conservation botanic garden that works via research, education, and direct in situ and ex situ conservation of plant species. The garden now boasts 381 species of vascular plants (63 are rare). The team scientifically and selectively introduced some …

Applying Asset Management Principles To Urban Natural Areas In Portland, Patrick R. Key

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Portland, Oregon’s Parks & Recreation Bureau has developed a protocol to assess our managed natural areas using an asset management framework. We utilized traditional asset management best practices to create a rapid, actionable protocol that also establishes parity between natural asset assessments and our existing inventory of built asset assessments, such as playgrounds, bridges, and trails. The results of these natural area assessments will help inform resource allocation, planning for future fiscal needs, and prioritization of on-the-ground interventions.

City Of Houston Nature Preserve Ordinance, Kelli Ondracek, Cassidy Kempt

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The City of Houston’s Parks and Recreation Department (HPARD) created a first-of-its-kind Nature Preserve Ordinance to protect existing natural habitat within 26 parks totaling 7,423 acres of land. The purpose of this ordinance is to preserve and protect, in perpetuity, city-owned natural areas by regulating public use and development of these lands. The policy protects threatened ecosystems, important water resources, and locally rare plant and wildlife populations.

Beyond Tree Planting In Urban Forest Climate Adaptation Actions, Michael T. Yadrick Jr., Lisa A. Ciecko, Weston Brinkley

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Forests in cities, and the communities that steward and benefit from them, face significant disruption due to climate change. It is now time to build the capacity in our institutions and in forested natural areas to help navigate multiple overlapping crises and systems change. This case study from Seattle, Washington provides perspective on how to mitigate climate change beyond tree planting.

Developing A Protocol For Assessing Natural Area Function In Portland, Oregon, Christa Von Behren

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The Revegetation Program at the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services aims to use active adaptive management to steward natural areas in our portfolio, but we have lacked an adequate monitoring protocol to effectively implement this approach. We spent three years developing and testing a functional assessment protocol to assess progress toward management goals and to infer performance of different ecological functions. We completed our first data collection during the field season of 2022.

Land Protection And Habitat Restoration As Catalysts For Sustained Community Engagement At The Roslindale Wetlands Urban Wild, Paul Sutton, Nicholas P. Long, Taylor Andrews, Erica A. Holm

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The Roslindale Wetlands “Urban Wild,” a 10-acre forested wetland in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts, is the backdrop for a compelling story of land preservation and habitat restoration as primary drivers for sustained community engagement. Originally identified for residential development, this patchwork of City and private land was long neglected and degraded by incompatible adjacent development and illegal dumping. In 2005, the community group Roslindale Wetlands Task Force (RWTF) was formed to start the long, gradual process of cleaning up and advocating for full preservation of the site. However, between 2019 and 2023, an alignment of several strategic joint planning …

Second Addenda To The Special Issue: The Science And Practice Of Managing Forests In Cities, Sam W. Lawson, Sophie Plitt

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

In this second set of addenda to our first special issue, The Science and Practice of Managing Forests in Cities, we present seven new case studies documenting approaches to evaluating, managing, and protecting forested natural areas in cities across the U.S. These case studies were presented at the fourth gathering of the Forests in Cities network which took place in Miami-Dade County, Florida in February, 2024.

Assessment Of Miami-Dade County Environmentally Endangered Lands Located Within Or Adjacent To Miami-Dade County Parks, James G. Duncan

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Public interactions with urban forests can be a contentious issue and, in many cases, the protection of resources takes a backseat to stakeholders’ desire to use areas in ways that diminish the capability to manage resources and causes unintended consequences or direct impacts to sensitive resources. The assessment of impacts to sensitive forested areas located in parks was part of a Miami-Dade County legislative directive to provide enhanced guidelines for the protection of natural habitats. The assessment detailed historical and current issues at 18 environmental preserves located in or adjacent to the County’s park system and an implementation strategy for …

Effects Of Water Application Rates And Sawdust Biochar On The Physicochemical Properties Of Soil And Performance Of Five Tree Species Used In Urban Landscaping In Ondo, Nigeria, Ayodeji Adeyemi Ogunwole, Samuel Ohikhaena Agele Prof., Oluyemisi Dorcas Ogunwole

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

This study assessed the response to irrigation rate and the minimum irrigation rate for optimum growth of seedlings of five tropical tree species used in urban landscaping in Ondo, Nigeria. The study also evaluated the effects of irrigation rate and sawdust biochar on growth attributes and biochemical constituents of the seedlings and the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil on which the tree seedlings were grown. Seedlings of five tree species, Bauhinia monandra, Delonix regia, Terminalia catappa, Dypsis lutescens, and Veitchia merrillii, were subjected to six treatments as follows; The first three treatments comprised of seedlings …

Commentary On Producing Environmental Information From Stakeholder Engagement, Josh Rosa

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

This article provides practice-informed advice, guided by and responsive to theory, for policymakers who seek to improve their environmental policies by generating their own informational value from their interactions with stakeholders. First, the article explains a self-reinforcing opaqueness of conventional environmental policymaking and how this opaqueness disproportionately and cumulatively impacts underrepresented communities. Drawing from the literature of social ecology, political economy, and political methodology, the article adumbrates opaqueness’ contributions to environmental injustice and identifies potential benefits of a more informative approach to stakeholder engagement. Next, the article explains specific methods that policymakers can use to convert stakeholder input into greater …

Land Change Modeler For Evaluating Urbanization Driven By Universities In The Periurban Area Of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, Sintha P.W. Gunawan, Takashi Machimura, Takanori Matsui Dr., Xiangyun Shi, Chihiro Haga

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Yogyakarta City and its peri urban areas have experienced a rapid land cover change in the last two decades from non-urban to urban areas. Understanding the driving factors and their level of influence will facilitate well-informed decisions in planning sustainable urbanization. This study formulated a hypothesis that the area hosting a university is most likely to have higher urban area and urbanization rate and verified it by using a land change model (LCM). The LCM which implemented a multi-layer perceptron algorithm using LANDSAT 5 TM in 1999 and 2005 successfully produced a robust land change model with accuracy rate of …

Sustaining Urban Forests In Post-Industrial Cities: Place Attachment, Ecology, And Stewardship Potential, Paige S. Warren, Robert L. Ryan, Brenda K. Bushouse, Krista Harper, Kristina Stinson

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

People value urban green spaces for enjoying nature and socializing with friends, family, and other park users. However, overgrown urban forests without clear access points can be perceived as dark, dangerous, and wild places. As many cities experience reduced budgets, they struggle to maintain green spaces established in more prosperous times. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how constrained parks budgets and subsequent city decisions about maintenance are associated with patterns of forest use, place attachment, and social capital and their impacts on the potential for stewardship of forested parks. We selected Springfield, Massachusetts for our study because it is …

Relationship Between Pedestrian Activity And Avian Body Condition During Fall Migration, Laura Marsh, David A. Aborn

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Many North American landbirds undergo biannual migrations, which are energetically costly. Quality stopover sites are crucial to avian survival, as they provide opportunities to quickly replenish fat stores, rest, and avoid predation. One component of habitat quality that is often overlooked is the level of pedestrian activity, which birds may interpret as a predatory threat. If intrusion levels are high, birds will flush repeatedly and may not adequately restore energy reserves, which hinders successful migration. We compared body mass index between birds at different intrusion levels, testing the hypothesis that birds near continuous intrusion will be in poorer condition. Results …

Community Garden As A Context For Civic Ecology: A Multidisciplinary Project In Restoration And Environmental Education, Mary Leou, Tania Goicoechea, Bethany Kogut

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

This paper describes a civic ecology program called Bees Alive! developed by the NYU Wallerstein Collaborative for Urban Environmental Education & Sustainability over three years to establish a native plant pollinator garden in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York. The project brought together a large university, public schools, non-profit organizations and a community garden called Lentol Garden to support wildlife and create an outdoor classroom to educate the public about the importance of pollinators. The garden was utilized as a context for civic ecology, environmental education and stewardship. Theories of place-based education and experiential learning were incorporated in designing this long-term project …

Inclusive Community Engagement And "Cradle To Career" Strategies For Urban Forest Management, Randy Strobo, Bennett Knox

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

In the United States, the conservation movement's problematic historical relationship with racism, settler colonialism, and land use discrimination has led to distrust and apprehension towards environmental management and leadership. With its history of redlining and environmental racism, Louisville is no different. Providing job and management opportunities to historically marginalized people can provide economic opportunities and help heal the disconnect between healthy natural areas and healthy people. The City of Louisville has employed several long-term strategies to attract people in historically marginalized communities to job opportunities in Louisville's natural areas. However, those strategies have only been moderately successful to date. The …

Langdon Park Forest Patch: How Three Women Turned Their Tree Rescue Efforts Into A Public-Private Partnership In Community-Based Forest Stewardship., James Woodworth, Kelly Collins Choi, Robert Corletta, Delores Bushong, Mary Pat Rowan, Allison Clausen

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, community tree activists engaged in tree rescue activities in Washington, D.C.’s Langdon Park. They cleared non-native invasive vines and cataloged native tree species within the park’s 2.2-acre forest patch. Over the last 2+ years, they endeavored to share their story of forest stewardship, garnering support from district agencies and local non-profit Casey Trees. The ensuing collaboration has led to a healthier forest with greater community connection.

Addenda To The Special Issue: The Science And Practice Of Managing Forests In Cities, Sophie Plitt, Clara C. Pregitzer

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

In these addenda to our first special issue, The Science and Practice of Managing Forests in Cities, we present five new case studies documenting approaches to conserving, managing, and building an equitable workforce for Forested Natural Areas in cities across the U.S. These case studies were presented at the third annual gathering of the Forests in Cities network which took place in Seattle, Washington in November, 2022.

Assessing Invasive Plant Species In Louisville’S Urban Forest, Elizabeth Winlock

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Within Louisville, KY’s network of urban green space and forests, invasive plant management is vital to protecting biodiversity and allowing native species to thrive. Partners across the city have been working to identify non-native invasive species, map their spread, monitor how they affect native species, and mitigate damage from invasive plants. Much of that falls into three categories:

1) Mapping patterns of invasive plant presence in relation to disturbance

2) Recording the effects of various management practices and

3) Tracking forest health through the regeneration of native tree seedlings and saplings

This data is used to inform management plans and …

Perpetual Protection For Atlanta’S High-Quality Forested Land In The City, Kathryn A. Evans, Anthony J. Giarrusso, David Zaparanick

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Unlike most major U.S. cities, developed and industrialized decades earlier, Atlanta retains a large portion of its native and originally forested land with a high diversity of species, rare plants, and even old-growth trees. A 2008 baseline canopy analysis found that while the city’s tree canopy cover was among the highest in the country (47.9%), its canopy and high-quality forests were vulnerable to loss and fragmentation since only 4.9% of the canopy was on public land. In 2016, the city authorized the use of its Tree Trust Fund to purchase high-quality forested land for perpetual protection and established criteria for …

Ecological Benefits Of Creating Stormwater Wetlands And Woodlands In Philadelphia, Pa, Richard Anthes Jr., Aelin Compton, Luke Rhodes

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Urban development and wetland loss have negatively impacted water quality. Natural areas and systems can help mitigate those impacts. With over two centuries of utilizing the Schuylkill River as a source of drinking water, Philadelphia has adapted from land preservation to wetland creation to achieve sediment Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) standards. This case study highlights how the innovation of constructed stormwater wetlands coupled with the restoration of forested natural areas provides water quality and ecological benefits.

Leveraging Community Support To De-Vine New Haven’S Natural Areas, Danica Doroski, Christopher Ozyck, Colleen Murphy-Dunning

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

This case study discusses the Urban Resources Initiative’s efforts to remove invasive vines from natural areas in New Haven, CT. The Urban Resources Initiative (URI) is the primary urban forestry organization in New Haven, and community engagement is a key feature of their programming. Working with a combination of local stewardship groups (“Community Greenspace”) and a workforce program (“GreenSkills”) for previously incarcerated individuals and teens, URI began hosting vine removal workdays in New Haven’s parks as a way to both protect critical components of the city’s forest canopy and build interest and investment in the city’s natural areas.

Ichthyofauna Of The Los Angeles River, Sabrina L. Drill, Jason Post, Rosi Dagit, Andres Aguilar

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The Los Angeles River is a highly modified urban system. Upper tributaries of the watershed are located in Angeles National Forest and are in a relatively natural state, but below the forest boundary the tributaries and the mainstem consist of a series of completely channelized sections with a concrete bottom that includes a low-flow channel and vertical walls, sections where there are graded berms and a substrate that was either not stabilized with a concrete substrate, or where enough sediment has accumulated to provide a “soft-bottom” with vegetation, boulders, and variation in flow, and off-channel impoundments. Here we provide the …

Managing Urban Ecosystems: An Introduction To The Special Issue, Kat Superfisky, Nurit Katz

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

The following Special Issue includes practitioner notes that provide information about managing urban ecosystems. The aim is that the insights and strategies shared in this Special Issue will inspire and inform the work of practitioners across the country who are seeking to maintain and enhance the vital ecosystems that sustain cities.

Preserving Nature In New York City: Nyc Parks’ Forever Wild Program, Georgina Cullman, Novem Auyeung, Jennifer Greenfeld, Kristen L. King, Marit Larson

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Urban biodiversity has increasingly been recognized as providing multiple local, regional, and even global benefits. In New York City (NYC), conservation and planning professionals in the Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) pursued biodiversity protection through the creation of a “Forever Wild” program in 2001, which designated and aimed to protect 8,700 acres of the largest, most ecologically valuable natural areas across City parkland. In 2018-2020, NYC Parks’ Natural Resources Group (NRG) expanded the program’s extent, resulting in 2,500 acres added to the Forever Wild program, for a total of over 12,300 acres. These additions reflect new acquisitions to …

Tree Equity, Investment, And Health: Columbus’ First Urban Forestry Master Plan, Rosalie Hendon

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Columbus, Ohio, faces many challenges, both today and in the near future: rapid population growth, climate change, public health issues, and the fastest growing urban heat island in the country (Climate Central, 2014). Tree canopy has been identified as vital city infrastructure, as trees reduce urban stressors — cleaning the air and water, improving public health, providing shade, reducing heat stress and energy costs, intercepting stormwater and more. As the 14^th largest city in the country with only 22% canopy cover, the City of Columbus recognized the need to plan for its trees. The Columbus Urban Forestry Master Plan …

Balancing Human Development With Wildlife Habitat And Connectivity Through The Creation Of Land Use Regulations For Private Property In Los Angeles, California, Kat Superfisky

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Urban areas are uniquely positioned to have a significant impact on biodiversity and the health and resilience of ecosystems and therefore play an essential role in advancing conservation goals. Unlike more “wildland” ecosystems, urban ecosystems are not solely owned and/or managed by public entities or with the sole goal of ecosystem restoration. The important plants, animals and ecosystems in cities are scattered across open spaces and public parks that are already protected and being managed for conservation, as well as on private properties that often comprise the majority of land in cities, which supports the need to address biodiversity and …

A Collaborative Social-Ecological Research Approach To Inform & Address Urban Coyote Management Challenges, Melinda J. Weaver, Anna Monterastelli, Eric G. Strauss, Michele Romolini

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) play an important mesopredator role in urban habitats and provide valuable ecosystem services, but also risk factors to human safety. Because of rare, but high-profile instances of human-coyote conflict, urban coyotes are often perceived only as a nuisance, or even dangerous, to human populations and their domestic animals. This tension between urban wildlife and communities can result in policy and management decisions that are not effective or beneficial to either population. We believe that effective urban coyote management requires an understanding of the resident coyotes in a given city, as well as the human residents’ …

Expulsive Greening: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Resilience-Era Green Gentrification In Brooklyn, New York, Rose Jimenez, Juliana A. Maantay

Cities and the Environment (CATE)

This project analyzes the impacts green gentrification in Brooklyn by evaluating the spatial coincidence between gentrification rates and urban greening from 2010 to 2020. Assets formed under the NYC Green Infrastructure Program were chosen as a proxy for urban greening to represent urban greening within the 21st-century climate change resilience paradigm of development. Methods: This is a mixed method approach to a natural experiment. First, five indexes measuring variations of economic and demographic conditions related to gentrification were applied to Brooklyn for comparative analysis: NOAA’s Social Vulnerability Indicators of Gentrification Pressure, The NYC Heat Vulnerability Index, The Small Area Index …