Digital Commons Network^™

"Reichswerke Hermann Goering" Phoenix Letter With Goering Factory Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: HERMANN GORING text printed at lower left, 3 hole punches along left edge; Back: 'Betr.: Leergut-Rucksendung' typewritten and underlined at top left.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter card with "Goering Reichswerke" cachet and his emblem sent from the "Phoenix" coal mine which, prior to its confiscation and "aryanization" by the Nazis, was owned by the Jewish industrialist Ignaz Petscheck. As part of the Hermann Goering Reichswerke, thousands of slave workers and inmates from concentration camp Buchenwald were forced to work at this mine. The text of the card reads: To the German Aseol company in Zeitz; Matter: …

Early Vice-Consul Carl Lutz Signed Schutzpass Issued By The Swiss Legation To Joseph Kardoss

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Pass is divided up into 4 blue boxes. Identification photo in upper right corner. Signature of Carl Lutz in bottom right.Back: Text written in English in upper left corner dated April 5, 1944. Issued from the Swiss legation.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Early Schutzpass signed by Carl Lutz. Issued to Joseph Kardoss, U.S. citizen. Document issued from the Swiss legation in interest of the United States, Budapest 28 December 1942.

Typed Coded Letter Possibly By Bratislava Working Group Member Updating Recipient On Issues Relating To Occupation By Germans

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typed letter on onion skin paper with -9- at top and Bratislava, 24.XII.1942

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

This letter with no name given in the salutation is from Bratislava, Slovakia, typed in German, and signed “Josef.” It employs coded language that Gisi Fleischmann herself would use in her own correspondence, updating the recipient on events pertaining to European Jews, especially in Slovakia. For example, the name “Ziviah” in Gisi’s correspondence is typically a reference to children smuggled out of Slovakia, or events surrounding this. Where the letter says “Aunt Aliyah” cannot help, this may be a reference to …

Letter From Wilhelm Kube (1887-1943)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White paper with printed return address in upper left corner and date written on upper right.Back: Continuation of letter in black ink with printed text.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter dated December 20, 1942 to a young girl stating in part: "May 1943 will be filled with a strong fighting spirit... in Adolf Hitler's movement.... we will fight until the final victory against the Bolsheviks... Then the era of youth will come." Kube was the Generalkommissar of Belorussia where his ruthless administration oversaw the extermination of the large Jewish population. In October 1941, Kube vehemently protested the …

French Internment Camp Drancy Rare Postcard From H. Barouh In Paris To Leon Barouh In Drancy Internment Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard marked "CARTE POSTALE" in red print in top center, red stamp of man in top right corner, purple stamped in left corner, print in red, writing in blue on front and back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard with double-ring violet cachet at arrival on French postcard with Petain stamp. Mr. Leon Barouh was born in Varna, Bulgaria in 1902. His permanent place of residence was in France. He was married to Judith Bensignor and they had two children, Sam and Jacques. Mr. Barouh was deported from Drancy on December 17, 1943, one of 848 men, women, and …

Postcard From Opole

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with message written in black cursive ink. Includes some damage on upper right corner. Back: Printed black postcard lines with writing in black cursive ink. Includes a blue Judenrat and black circular hand stamps, a pasted green stamp depicting a piazza and statue on the upper right corner, and several markings in purple pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard franked General Gouvernement 12 pfg tied Opole 12/2/1942 cds, with circular "POSTVERMITTLUNGS STELLE JUDENRAT OPOLE (LUBLIN) 12/11/1942." Written in German, the postcard was sent to a family member in Vienna. Opole was in the Lublin district …

Postcard From Westerbork

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White postcard with printed green postcard lines, typewritten addresses, and a black hand stamp.Back: Words both typewritten and in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A postal card from a Jewish family (Levy) postmarked 10 December, 1942, thanking the addressee for the package they sent.

The Mass Extermination Of Jews In German-Occupied Poland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Cream-colored pamphlet titled, "The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland" with red text. Interior includes information written in English.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A document addressed by the exiled Polish government to the governments of the United Nations in 1942. The pamphlet is concerned with the mass extermination of Jews in German-occupied Poland, and the Nazis’ “fresh horrifying methods” of extermination. The Polish government in exile was first to reveal in November 1942, through its courier Jan Karski, the atrocities committed by the Nazis and the existence of concentration camps.

Kenyon Collegian - December 5, 1942

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Het Joodsche Weekblad

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Newspaper titled “Het Joodsche Weekblad,” dated “4 DECEMBER 1942,”12 pages.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The Jewish Council published the Joodsche Weekblad for the first time on April 11, 1941. The council, headed by Abraham Asscher and David Cohen, hoped to reach as many members of the Jewish community as possible. The magazine would contain important announcements and news items, supervised by and filtered through the German occupation administration, such as on new edicts and policies. There were articles on the Jewish religion in general: customs and traditions, Jewish science and culture, along with advertisements for aid available to …

Kenyon Collegian - November 28, 1942

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Geheim (Secret) Estonian Police Document

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Half-page typewritten document with "Geheim" and "R" stamps and "Böhl" signature in green.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A 1942 document, stamped "secret" ("geiheim") from the files of the Estonian police. It ordered that they give "special treatment" (euphemism for liquidate) to three Jewish Partisans.

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A brown envelope with a typewritten address to Geka-Kleider with printed return address in lower corner to "Der Oberbürgermeister.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Printed stationary cover of "Der Oberburgermeister Ghetto Verwaltung Litzmannstadt C2, Moltke-Str, 211"; i.e. the mayor/municipality board of the ghetto. Franked and cancelled Litzmannstadt 24.11.42. This envelope was addressed to a German clothing enterprise in Berlin, whose products were supplied by Jewish ghetto sewing workshops.

Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg Concentration Camp Letter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Handwritten note in black ink, 'konzentrationslager sachsenhausen' printed in red at top left. Attached is a pink note titled "Lebensmittelpakete." Back: Handwritten address, red 'Deutsches Reich' Hitler at top right; 'L' ciruclar handstamp at bottom left.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Censored lettersheet from a prisoner named Horst Grimicke in the Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg Concentration camp near Berlin which was part of the larger Sachsenhausen concentration camp complex and slave labor camp complex. Postmarked December 6, 1942. Mailed to Rene Grimicke in Dresden. Pink insert about food packages sent to prisoners.

Kenyon Collegian - November 20, 1942

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Rabbi Leo Baeck (1873-1956) Postcard From Berlin To Helmut Bradt In Zurich

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Postcard with handwriting in green on both front and back. “Postkarte” in maroon printed on front with a stamp of the same color in the top right corner. A circular back stamp that read “Berlin” is above a circular pink stamp are on the right side of the page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Rabbi Baeck, author of The Essence of Judaism, was an important spokesperson for the Jewish community after the Nazi rise to power in 1933 in his role as president of the Jewish umbrella organization Reichsvertretung. When the latter was summarily disbanded by the Nazis …

Censored Postcard Sent By David Levy From Borgo Val Di Taro (Borgotaro) To Delasem Leader Septimus Sorani In Rome

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard, “VINCEREMO” printed across left side, titled “CARTOLINA POSTALE” in brown print at top, brown postage stamp on right side above “CENSURA 3” stamped in blue.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Sorani was a Jewish delegate of the Rome office of DELASEM (DELEGAZIONE PER L’ASSISTENZA EMIGRANTI EBREI), the Jewish resistance organization in Italy aiding Jews - both Italian and foreign - who fell beneath the Axis boot. DELASEM provided money, housing, and if necessary, false documents to assist refugees interned in Italian camps. Support for DELASEM came from international organizations such as AJDC and HIAS, as well as …

Kenyon Collegian - November 13, 1942

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - November 6, 1942

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Postcard From K. Stein In Theresienstadt Ghetto To Friend Oskar Schulz In Oslavan Jewish Labor Camp (Arbeitergrupped). Ghettopost Handstamp And Censor Mark

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with black printed postcard lines addressed to Oskar Schulz from K. Stein. Includes handwritten message in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Translation: To: Mr. Oskar Schultz, AF 562, Oslavan -- Jewish North Group. Sender: K. Stein, AH 353 204, Theresienstadt. Translation: "Dear Oskar: We received your card and are happy that your foot is well again. Also that you had nice company. We were very happy last week when we received the many cards from our dear parents and Erish. I was very sorry to hear that our dear mother and Erish were ill also. …

Censored Auschwitz Letter Sheet From Polish Prisoner Feliks Suligowski

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Message written in pencil on Auschwitz stationery.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter written to his wife Irene. In part: “I received your letter and thank you very much. Whenever I receive good reports from you, I feel very much encouraged. It gives me hope and strength to carry on. When I see the address and number of your house, I feel relieved. I read your letter at once to find out if everyone at home is well. I was again very happy to receive a good report. I was deeply touched when you told me that you had …

Kenyon Alumni Bulletin - November 1942

Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin

No abstract provided.

Hika - November 1942

HIKA Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Mauthausen Death Notice

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Yellowed paper form with typewritten black text, blanks filled in with handwriting . A signature in blue ink at bottom right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Notice sent to Frau Hedwig Krzenski-Kriscski informing her that her husband Viktor had died a few days earlier of lung disease and had just been cremated in the early 1940s. "Lung disease" is doubtless a euphemism—Lager-speak—for being worked to death under inhumane, insufferable conditions. Most of what the Nazis regarded as Polish intelligentsia were sent to Mauthausen where the great majority perished. For .72RM she could be in receipt of the death certificate.

Postcard From Jewish Refugees From Poland Living In Lavlenka Village, Kazakhstan, To Tel Aviv, Palestine

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Handwritten message in Hebrew using purple ink; Back: Hammer and sickle symbol in top left corner, four blue postage stamps at top right as well as a printed red stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard written by refugees fleeing from Nazis, written in Hebrew, to family or friends in Palestine. Approximately 8,500 Jews fled to Kazakhstan during the Holocaust.

Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp Death Notice Signed By Wilhelm Jobst

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Certificate with taped edges, stamp of Nazi emblem in blue ink in lower left side, line of dots and dashes printed under "Todesbescheinigung" in black print.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Death notice for prisoner Siegmund Pamula, from Krakow, who perished at Gross-Rosen, from “phlegmone and sepsis,” signed by the camp doctor Waffen-SS Physician Wilhelm Jobst. Whether this prisoner’s death is the result of brutal conditions in the camp, harsh treatment, or execution is not known. However, the records were often falsified to conceal the treatment prisoners received. Jobst himself was a camp doctor at Gross-Rosen from 1939-1942, after …

Document Stating The Ghetto Of Nowy Sacz Is Destroyed

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Dashed line underlining "Neu-Sandez" in upper left corner in black print, purple stamp marks "13 OKT. 1942" in upper right side

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Nowy Sacz, known as Neu-Sandez in German, is in southern Poland. The Germans occupied Nowy Sacz in September 1939. A Judenrat was established, along with forced labor and the confiscation of both property and businesses. Approximately 18,000 to 20,000 Jews were sealed in the Ghetto created in 1941. During August 1942, the ghetto was liquidated with three transports of men, women, and children to the Belzec extermination center.

This letter from a civil …

Anne Frank

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Black and white photograph of Anne Frank with accompanying text in German and English.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Press photograph of Anne Frank from the 1960s with numerous subsequent date stamps verso. Her written statement in Dutch comes from her diary and is translated below.

Postcard From Opatow

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with writing in black cursive ink. Includes a note on bottom left corner. Back: Printed purple postcard lines with writing in black cursive ink. Includes purple and black hand stamps, and a printed purple stamp in upper right showing a piazza with a statue.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: General Gouvernement 12 pfg postcard cancelled 10/6/1942. Boxed violet cachet "JUDENRAT OPATOW Postabteilung 2." Opatow was in the Kielce District of Poland. Jews had been living in this area since the 16th century. Occupied in 1939 by the Germans, a Judenrat was set up in early 1941, …

Court Summons, Lemberg (Lvov)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with black printed postcard lines. Includes typewritten address, a brown postage stamp of Adolf Hitler, black, red and purple hand stamps and various writing in purple and blue pencil.Back: Printed black text with several additions written in with black ink. Includes a red hand stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Summons to review an inheritance case. However, the summons turned out to be undeliverable (aufruferfolglos, zuruck), and was returned and filed with other Lemberg World War II-period papers in the Lvov city court. Many of the original pre-war Lemberg (Lvov) residents were uprooted and no longer …