Digital Commons Network^™

Szydlow Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Children smiling in a street that has been completely uprooted. Man wearing armband in background. Back: Verso: Newspaper clipping and caption taped to back. Associated Press Photo.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: AP wire photo with news clipping attached verso showing a sample of Jews forced to reside in the Szydlow Ghetto in Poland, recently occupied by the Nazis (December,1940). Pictured are the puzzled faces of the children, as well as adults in the background, one of whom is conspicuous by his white armband which he is required to wear.

Postcard From Belzyce Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with message written in purple pencil.Back: Printed postcard lines in brown with writing in purple pencil. Includes pencil markings on the bottom, black circular hand stamps, and a printed stamp on upper right with black Nazi eagle.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: General Government postcard from Erich Silbermann in the Belzyce Ghetto, Lublin district, to a Dr. Simonsohn in Hamburg, Germany, datelined November 16, 1940.

Envelope From Krosno Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Blue envelope with typewritten address. Includes three pasted stamps on left side: two identical red stamps depicting a castle and an orange stamp depicting men in robes with a black Nazi eagle printed over it. Each has a black circular hand stamp over it. Also includes a purple circular hand stamp on bottom left.Back: Includes white censorship tape with alternating purple text and circular hand stamp, as well as a black hand stamp that runs the length of the bottom, as well as several small, purple hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

General Government franking tied to …

Rare Envelope With Judenrat Hand-Stamp And Litzmannstadt Ghetto Cancel Renaming Polish City Of Lodz Litzmannstadt

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Window envelope with green postage stamp and two hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Envelope from the Aelteste der Juden, the Council of Jewish Elders of Litzmannstadt, dated April 11,1940, with a rare Ghetto Cancel, which renames the Polish city of Lodz Litzmannstadt.

Georg And Hedwig Hirschfeld Letter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A typewritten letter on thin paper. Includes several underlined lines and handwritten notes.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

One of two documents (2012.1.510 & 2012.1.511) relating to German Jewish couple: Georg and Hedwig Hirschfeld. Georg Hirschfeld was a well-known author who lived in Munich. The couple sold their house to a German named Gottschalk. After the house was sold, the Hirschfelds were unable to find a flat due to the Nazi law involving "tenancies with Jews." Mrs. Hirschfeld tried everything to get an accommodation for herself and her husband. She finally tried to get an accommodation in a summer …

Georg And Hedwig Hirschfeld Letter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White letter with title, "Gemeinnükige Kleingärtner = Genossenschaft m. b. h., Quedlinburg a Harz." Includes a typewritten message.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

One of two documents (2012.1.510 & 2012.1.511) relating to German Jewish couple Georg and Hedwig Hirschfeld. Georg Hirschfeld was a well-known author who lived in Munich. The couple sold their house to a German named Gottschalk. After the house was sold, the Hirschfelds were unable to find a flat due to the Nazi law involving "tenancies with Jews." Mrs. Hirschfeld tried everything to get an accommodation for herself and her husband. She finally tried to get …

The First Ghetto: Jewish Community Of Piotrkow Trybunalski (Petrikau In German) Letter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White paper with typewritten message. Signature in black on lower right, with red circular hand samp to the left of it. Red writing in upper right corner, and writing in pencil on lower left. Pasted stamp with red hand stamp over it on bottom right.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Typed document of the Jewish Community of Piotrkow Trybunalski (Petrikau in German) addressed to the Commissar of the city, requesting daily passes for 10 Jewish residents of the ghetto to be able to work outside of the ghetto as selectors or sorters in formerly Jewish stores. Handstamped in red …

Litzmannstadt (Lodz) Ghetto Sign

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front:White metal sign with black German text and border. Includes two lines of text with different fonts.Back: Pasted white paper with grid on metal. Grid has various typewritten information in Russian, as well as a black stamp on top, and some handwritten information in blue.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Judenrat Litzmannstadt Ghetto sign "Children-Confection."

From Adolf Israel Weisz To Hans Weisz In Shanghai

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: An envelope with a typewritten address to Hans Weisz with blue postage stamp, and red censor markings. Back: Typewritten return address with Nazi censor tape and hand stamp. Further information: This envelope contained information on the Nuremburg Laws to be sent from Adolf "Israel" Weizs in Vienna to Hand Weisz in Shanghai's Jewish Ghetto.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

German antisemitic Nuremberg laws cover sent by Adolf "Israel" Weisz in Vienna to Hans Weisz in the Jewish ghetto in Shanghai, China December 3, 1940 via Moscow. Censored with B-20 and B-54 Japanese censor.

Litzmannstadt (Lodz) Ghetto Sign

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White metal sign with black German text and border.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Judenrat Litzmannstadt Ghetto sign “Hospital IV.”

Litzmannstadt (Lodz Ghetto) Currency

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Five pieces of currency from Litzmannstadt. Including a pink 50 Pfennig note, a green 1 mark note, an orange 2 mark note, a green 5 mark note, and a green 20 mark note.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The SS introduced special "Jewish currency" in many of the ghettos. The most well-known cases are from Theresienstadt (Terezin) and Litzmannstadt (Lodz) ghettos/concentration camps. The concept behind this was total segregation, so that Jews and aryans would not touch the same currency. Notes and coins were issued in the Litzmannstadt Ghetto, signed on the back by "M. Rumkowski," Alteste Der Juden …

"Judiches Siedlungsgebiet, Stehenbleiben Verboten!" Sign

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White metal sign for ghetto with text that reads: "Jüdisches Siedlungsgebiet, Stehenbleiben verboten!" ("Jewish settlement, stopping prohibited!")

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash

Jewish settlement (ghetto) signage prohibiting stopping.