Digital Commons Network^™

Postcard Commemorating 70th Anniversary Of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: reproduction of postcard sent in 1941 with large commemorative postage stamp at bottom left; Back: Black postcard lines with ‘JSR 6/16’ at bottom left.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Image of censored postcard from Warsaw Ghetto with ”Warschau Judenrat” red stamp, sent by R. Rubenlicht in 1941. Israeli stamp with image of Pawel Frenkel, one of the heroes of the Jewish resistance in the Ghetto killed in June 1943.

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned Not Sent

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines. Handwritten address to Mina Baum from Amalia Fisch. Includes message written in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Litzmannstadt Ghetto postcard addressed to Mina Baum in Lublin from Amalia Fisch in Litzmannstadt. Postcard returned by German censor, never mailed. A card from Litzmanndstadt to Lublin, Poland. Returned by censor for apparent violations-"INHALT UNZULASSIG" ("CONTENTS INADMISSIBLE") due to mentioning: "Life is extremely difficult." "As long as we have a little money we can exist." "What lies ahead only our dear God knows." "My dying would be more peaceful and I will be …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with purple printed postcard lines with handwritten address to S. Hirowska and return address from S. Hajskopf with message written in ink. Message has red markings over it.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard addressed to S. Hirowska in Warsaw, return address from S. Hajskopf in Lidzmannstadt Ghetto with message written in ink. Postcard returned unsent. The notations "unclean", "Yiddish and Jewish language forbidden" and "Returned" were applied by German censor. Return address: S. Hajskopf, Litzmannstadt Ghetto , "Litzmannstadt Ghetto, Dec 25. Translation: "Dear Aunt, Uncle, and Emek, Grandmother and I received your card and it made …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with green printed postcard lines. Includes handwritten address in blue to Rev. Leon Rosenberg with return address from Hermann Pfamensh Rosenberg. Includes a message written in blue ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Litzmannstadt Ghetto postcard sent from one brother Hermann Rosenberg to another, Rev. Leon Rosenberg, possibly converted to Christianity and living in the U.S.A. Purple handstamp of Rumkowski and Judenrat (Jewish Elders), German censor markings.

"Dear Brother: Again the Lord has brought us great joy that we received your letter for which we thank you very much. We are very happy to hear that the …

Litzmannstadt Ghetto Postcard Returned Due To Inadmissible Contents

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with printed purple postcard lines. Includes handwritten address to J. Rosenblum from Shw. Berek and handwritten message.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

"Censored postcard from Litzmannstadt Ghetto prisoner to Jewish resident of Warsaw with red lined censor markings and hand- stamped ""INHALT UNZULASSIG"" meaning that some of the contents were inadmissible. Hence this postcard not sent.

Dear Parents and Grandparents, We received your letter dear father and the card -- On the first I shall give you an answer to the card that you sent. I am sorry that I cannot take care of the package that …

Censored Postcard Litzmannstadt Ghetto With "Inhalt Unzulassig" Cachet And Erased Content From Israel Beidermann

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with printed purple postcard lines with handwritten address to Kurt Schaffer from Israel Biedrmann with handwritten message including one censored portion.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard returned not posted due to inadmissible contents. Litzmannstadt Ghetto prisoner Mr. Biedermann’s postcard was ineligible to be posted due to German censor discovering content that would be too provocative to mail. Hence the stamped censor mark “INHALT UNZULASSIG”. These decisions were quite arbitrary and ensured that prisoners were cut off from the outside world.

Real Photo Polish Postcards Of Nazi Atrocities

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Black and white photograph of a group of people carrying their belongings with printed postcard lines and caption on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Jews packing belongings for trip to the ghetto in Grodno.

Gestapo Report On Confiscation Of Counterfeit Money From Adolf Abraham

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Half sheet with German text printed and handwritten. Titled, "Einlieferungsanzeige Beschlangnahmeanzeige."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A confiscation report by the Gestapo. They confiscated ninety-one faked money bills from a Jew, Adolf Abraham. The document is stamped by SS and Litzmannstadt Ghetto administration. Mr. Abraham died at Litzmannstadt on May 11, 1942.

Jewish Terror In Warsaw

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A black and white photograph of Jewish men in heavy jackets being escorted by the military.Back: Several hand stamps and various writing. Includes source as International New Photo

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: News wire photo of Jews in Warsaw Ghetto. Verso: "Jewish terror in Warsaw" and "Jews in Warsaw" with a date stamp of November 7, 1941. The Warsaw Ghetto had been the largest ghetto in occupied Poland in the General Government with more than 400,000 residents. While there is no further information on this photo, these men are possibly being marched to a work camp. Deportations …

Postcard From Belzyce Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with message written in purple pencil.Back: Printed postcard lines in brown with writing in pencil. Includes black and purple hand stamps, a green pasted stamp of a man in profile facing left, and a red arrow.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Polish postcard bearing scarce small boxed BELZYCE alongside of German franking, addressed in pencil to Berlin. Belzyce, a small town in the province of Lublin, Poland, was overcome by Germany in September, 1939. A ghetto was established 1940 which housed Jews from Belzyce as well as other towns in Poland. The liquidation of the ghetto …

Envelope From Krakow Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Green envelope with typewritten address. Includes several purple and black hand stamps, some writing in pencil, and a pasted brown stamp depicting a buildling in upper right corner.Back: Address written in black cursive ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Envelope franked General Government 6 pfg. tied Krakow cds, from Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna (Jewish Self-Help Society) in Krakow Ghetto to Rada Zydowska (Jewish Aid Society) in Wadlew, Poland. One of the five major metropolitan ghettos in the General Government territory created by the Nazis, Krakow was surrounded by barbed wire and brick walls shaped as tombstones. 18,000 Jews were …

Sign "Jewish Settlement Area. Loitering Forbidden!"

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A porcelain sign that reads "JEWISH SETTLEMENT AREA. LOITERING FORBIDDEN!" that hung in a Ghetto.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Porcelain sign bearing the printed message: "JEWISH SETTLEMENT AREA. LOITERING FORBIDDEN!" Just as Jews were shunned if not banished from many towns and cities in Nazi-controlled areas, gentiles were not allowed in ghettos.

Irena Sendler [Sendlerova] Autograph

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White card with printed photograph of an older woman in black sitting and looking at the camera. A chest with teacups and photos resting on top of it is behind her. Beneath the photograph is an autograph in blue ink.Back: Pencil writing on top.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Irena Sendler (Sendlerova), also known as Jolanta, was a Polish Roman Catholic nurse/social worker who worked in the Polish Underground during World War II. She was the head of the children's section of Zegota in German-occupied Warsaw. She was able, with the help of other members of Zegota, to …

Photo Card Of Iconic Image Of Captured Residents Of Warsaw Ghetto With Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Image: Men, women and children with their hands raised while armed, uniformed men look on; Text at right “Special Presentation Folder, designed & autographed by IGAL GABAY, designer of stamp”, 95/180.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Iconic photo of captured residents of the Warsaw Ghetto on a card along with Israeli stamp from 2003 commemorating 50th anniversary of Yad Vashem in memory of the victims of the Holocaust, and the heroism of the ghetto warriors who resisted the Nazis. Signed by stamp designer, Igal Gabay.

50th Anniversary Of The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope with blue illustration of a synagogue. Titled, "50 Rocznica Powstania Żydów w Getcie Warszawskim."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland first day release envelope from the 50th anniversary of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

First Day Cover: Israeli Commemorating 40 Years Since The Defeat Of Nazi Germany And Itzhak And Zivia (Lubetkin) Zuckerman

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope with grey stamp showing two faces. Titled, "1945-1985: 40 Years Since the Defeat of Nazi Germany" in English and Hebrew.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Israeli First Day Cover commemorating Itzhak and Zivia (Lubetkin) Zuckerman, heroes and survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto.

Holocaust And Resistance Commemorative Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope. Left side is titled, "Holocaust & Resistance" in Hebrew and English and has a pink illustration of a "Destroyed Synagogue at Ghetto Warsaw." Right side has a large black stamp showing ruins.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Envelope issued in Israel in 1983 on the 40th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising to commemorate Jewish resistance in the ghettos and the underground movements of occupied Europe. Pictured are Mordecai Anilewicz, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Uprising, and Yosef Glazman of Lithuania, organizer of the PPA in the Vilna Ghetto. The middle stamp reads "for the …

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamps on serated paper. One depicts a gun by a brick wall. The other shows people standing together and is titled, "Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland 40th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising monument by Natan Rappaport.

Czechoslovakian Commemoration Of Children From Terezin Ghetto Envelope

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

An off-white envelope with an illustration of a child in rags in a circle of barbed wire. Titled "Ghetto Terezín 1942."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A Czechoslovakian envelope commemorating Terezin children.

Beit Theresienstadt Central Card Index For Gertruda Trüde Shön

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White paper with printed brown text. Titled Beit Theresienstadt, and shows a seal with a leaf growing from a brick wall on top. Gives printed out information about (Gertruda) Trüde Shön.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Form from "Beit Theresienstadt," the central index for Theresienstadt Ghetto victims, yielding information on their countries of origin, transport dates to Theresienstadt and ultimate fate. This sheet is about (Gertruda) Trüde Shön from Czechoslovakia, when she was deported to Theresienstadt on December 17, 1942. She was deported to Auschwitz on October 9, 1944 where she was murdered. The information about the victims …

Beit Theresienstadt Central Card Index For Elizabeth Rosa Ornstein

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White paper with printed brown text. Titled Beit Theresienstadt, and shows a seal with a leaf growing from a brick wall on top. Gives printed out information about Elizabeth Rosa Ornstein.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Form from "Beit Theresienstadt," the central index for Theresienstadt Ghetto victims, yielding information on their countries of origin, transport dates to Theresienstadt and ultimate fate. This sheet is about Elizabeth Rosa Ornstein from Austria, when she was deported to Theresienstadt in March 1944. Just three months later she was deported to Auschwitz where she was murdered. The information about the victims was …

Leo Baeck Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with brown background with a white illustration of a man with glasses.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: West Germany issued this stamp on the first anniversary of the death of Dr. Leo Baeck, Rabbi of the Theresienstadt Ghetto. Baeck served on the Jewish Council and was the last Eldest of the Council. He was liberated by the Russians and lived in London after the war.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Commemorative Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Stamp with an illustration of a man and woman holding guns. Titled, "Polska."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Poland issued this stamp to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943.

Maladie De Famine

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Book with tan cover with title, "Maladie de Famine: Recherches Cliniques sur la Famine Exécutées dans le Ghetto de Varsovie en 1942." Published by the American Joint Distribution Committee.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Warsaw Ghetto Jewish physicians kept records of the effects of famine on patients admitted to the only hospital in the ghetto. This work, edited by Dr.Israel Maleikovski, who himself was deported to the death camps in 1943, was discovered among the ruins of the ghetto after the war.

Envelope Addressed To "Ältestenrat Der Juden" (Eldest Of The Jews) From Theresienstadt Survivor

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White envelope addressed to the "Ältestenrat der Juden" (Eldest of the Jews) in Prague.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Letter addressed to the Judenrat, apparently from a Jewish survivor as Theresienstadt Ghetto was transferred to the Red Cross Authorities on May 3, 1945; hence OLMUTZ was freed just 2-3 days before this cover was mailed.

Ruins Of Warsaw Ghetto: Wirephoto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A photo of a church standing amongst the ruins of a town. Includes typewritten information on the left side.Back: Several pasted newspaper clips.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

AP Wirephoto of Catholic Church rising above the ashes of the former Warsaw ghetto. Catholic Church left standing in this 1945 photo of Warsaw ghetto where 20,000 Polish Jews lost their lives in uprising against Nazis in 1943. In 1940, more than 400,000 Jews had been herded inside its walled-off confines.

Verso: Thirty years later the Polish government conducted a ceremony to those who perished at a monument in the …

Theresienstadt Ghetto Postcard From Gestapo Prison 'Kleine Festung'

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with printed message on left side, writing in purple pencil, a purple Adolf Hitler stamp, and black hand stamp.Back: A message in purple pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A Theresienstadt Ghetto postcard from the Gestapo Prison in 'Kline Festung,' 1945. The Gestapo used the "Small Fortress" as a prison, the largest in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The first inmates arrived in June, 1940. By the end of the war, 32,000 prisoners, of whom 5,000 were female, passed through the "Small Fortress," which was separate from the Jewish ghetto in the main fortress. An …

Letter From Neuengamme Concentration Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Divided in two by center fold. Red Deutsches Reich stamp in upper right covered by 'Hamburg-Bergedorf' handstamp. The number 6 is circled. Other side: 'Konzentrationslager Hamburg-Neuengamme' handstamp with a circled '24'. Back: Handwritten letter takes up most of the space. 'Auszug aus der Lagerordnung' printed text on top.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Lettersheet from a prisoner in the concentration camp of Neuengamme in Germany near Hamburg. Konzenentrationslager KL cover written on camp-issued stationery. The cover is addressed to Litzmannstadt, the sender and addressee have the same names and are family members. Postmarked October 12, 1944. On preprinted …

Postcard From Prague Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Tan postcard with printed purple postcard lines and decorative border. Addressed to Therese Hecht from Oskar Hecht in pencil. Includes message in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postmarked in Prague and sent to Therese (Risa) Hecht: “Dearest Risa: Received your package in good condition yesterday and was overjoyed. Also the two cards from the 2nd and 3rd. As of today I received one letter, one note and two postcards. Risa in one letter you write that you will send me covers. I did not receive them. I wrote to the children but no reply today. Sorry about Frank. …

Package Acknowledgement From Theresienstadt Ghetto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A white postcard including black printed postcard lines, writing in purple pencil, two identitical stamps of Adolf Hitler in profile, and black and blue hand stamps.Back: A printed message with additions in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A package acknowledgement from Olga Hoffman, a Jewish woman interned in the Theresienstadt/Terezin Ghetto, noting the receipt of a package.