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Laying-Worker Production Of Drones In Mixed Colonies Of Africanized And European Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Robert G. Danka, Anita M. Collins, Thomas E. Rinderer

Richard L Hellmich

Queenless honey-bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) with mixed populations of Africanized and European workers produced 15-fold more Africanized drones than European drones. Drones developed from eggs laid by previously nonreproductive workers. First eclosion of Africanized drones preceded that of European drones by 2.4 days. Laying workers of both bee types developed more rapidly when colonies had Africanized queens and brood before queenlessness than when colonies had European queens and brood. The percentage of European drones of the total number of drones that eclosed each day changed significantly in a curvilinear manner over 15 days, starting near 0, increasing to a …

Corbicular Size In Workers From Honeybee Lines Selected For High Or Low Pollen Hoarding, Charles P. Milne Jr., Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Karen J. Pries

Richard L Hellmich

Measurements were made of corbicular areas (of a total of 1025 corbiculae) in 2 lines of honeybees (Apis mellifera) selected for high and low pollen hoarding respectively. The sample from each line comprised about 30 newly emerged workers from each of 9 queens representing 3 sublines. Analyses of variance revealed highly significant differences among the 18 queens (P « 0.0001) and between the lines (P « 0.0001). Mean corbicular area for the high pollen-hoarding line (1.909 ± 0.004 mm2) was greater than for the low hoarding line (1.874 ± 0.003 mm2), Of the 9 queens whose worker progeny had the …

Soymilk Process., Lawrence A. Johnson, Charles W. Deyoe, William J. Hoover

Lawrence A. Johnson

Process for making a soybeanbased milk analog or soymilk and food products prepared therefrom. The process involves the comminuting of whole soybeans having the hulls thereon; forming a slurry of the comminuted soybeans; simultaneously initiating the inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and lipoxygenase without fixing protein bodies or substantially denaturing the soybean protein; confining the heated slurry until the trypsin inhibitor activity is reduced to a desired value; cooling the slurry; and separating the hulls from the slurry to recover the desired product. The resulting soymilk is an aqueous preparation of the soybean which exhibits minimal destruction of essential amino acids, …

Comparative Toxicities Of Four Topically Applied Insecticides To Africanized And European Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Robert G. Danka, Thomas E. Rinderer, Richard L. Hellmich, Anita M. Collins

Richard L Hellmich

Contact toxicities were established for acetone formulations of azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, methyl parathion, and permethrin applied to workers of Africanized and European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) types. For each insecticide, 95% fiducial limits at the LC50 levels for the two bee types did not overlap. Africanized bees showed greater tolerance to all the chemicals except carbaryl; differences in tolerance to each of the four chemicals were all about 2-fold. The order of toxicity of the compounds on the Africanized bees was permethrin > carbaryl > azinphosmethyl > methyl parathion; on the European honey bees, the order of toxicity was permethrin > azinphosmethyl > carbaryl> methyl …

Pollen Hoarding And Use By High And Low Pollen-Hoarding Honeybees During The Course Of Brood Rearing, Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Walter C. Rothenbuhler

Richard L Hellmich

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) from a line which had been selected for high pollen-hoarding behaviour (HPH) hoarded more pollen than bees from a low pollen-hoarding line (LPH) when they were kept in observation colonies with known amounts of brood. These differences were not found when brood was in the egg stage and pollen stores were small, but were large and significant when brood was in the larval stage and pollen stores was more abundant. Differences in amounts of stored pollen that were established between the lines during the larval stage were maintained after brood cells were capped, but amounts of pollen …

Additional Mapping Of Isozyme Loci: Localization Of Acp4, Dia2, Adkl, Tpi3, And Sadl, Jonathan F. Wendel, Major M. Goodman, Charles W. Stuber

Jonathan F. Wendel

We recently listed the isozyme loci being studied by starch gel electrophoresis in our laboratory and summarized the available mapping data in a series of reports (Wendel et al., MGCNL 59:87-90). Subsequent work has resulted in further clarification of the chromosomal locations of markers on chromosomes 1 (Acp4, Dia2), 6 (Adkl), 8 (Tpi3), and 10 (Sadl). Previously unreported information on these loci and their chromosomal locations follows.

Sem Views Of Oak Wood, Douglas D. Stokke

Douglas D. Stokke

The anatomical structure of the secondary xylem (wood) of trees varies with location in the tree. The size, shape, and distribution of cell types varies not only between locations (i.e., stem vs. branch vs. root), but also within an annual ring or across annual rings at a given cross-sectional plane.

Foraging Population Sizes Of Africanized And European Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Colonies, Thomas E. Rinderer, Robert G. Danka, Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Anita M. Collins

Richard L Hellmich

Foraging population sizes in Africanized (A) and European (E) honey-bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies were determined by trapping returning foragers at the hive. E colonies fielded

significantly larger foraging populations than A colonies. E colonies showed much larger variability in sizes of foraging populations than A colonies, responding with more foragers as colony size was increased and especially when nectar was more abundant.

The percentage of colony members foraging was similar for both sizes (1 and 3 kg of adult bees) of E colonies ; 1 kg A colonies had a greater percentage of foragers than 3 kg A colonies.E …

Tpi4 Is Located Near The Centromere On The Long Arm Of Chromosome 3, Jonathan F. Wendel, J. B. Beckett

Jonathan F. Wendel

Tpi4, one of the three genes encoding cytosolic triose phosphate isomerase isozymes, was earlier shown to be on 3L between Pgd2 (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) and the centromere (Wendel et al., MNL 59:88). In an effort to better localize Tpi4, a series of crosses was made between Tpi4 testers and stocks carrying three B-A translocations believed to be near the centromere on 3L.

Comparison Of Africanized And European Queen-Mating Colonies In Venezuela, Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Robert G. Danka, Thomas E. Rinderer, Anita M. Collins

Richard L Hellmich

Africanized queen-mating colonies produced fewer mated queens (P < 0.05), absconded more (P < 0.001) and had more population dwindling (P < 0.03) when compared to European queenmating colonies. Africanized colonies most affected by these factors were 5-1 nuclei, the type of mating nuclei most commonly used by U.S. queen producers. Efficiency of queen production was increased by doubling bee populations and hive volume and by adding brood.

Regulation Of The Hoarding Efficiency Of Africanized And European Honey Bees, Anita M. Collins, Thomas E. Rinderer, Richard L. Hellmich, Robert G. Danka

Richard L Hellmich

In laboratory cages, European bees hoarded more sucrose solution, and did so with greater efficiency than Africanized bees. Additional empty comb caused both Africanized and European bees to increase both their hoarding intensities and efficiencies. The proportional increase in hoarding intensity was somewhat less for the Africanized bees but the proportional increase in efficiency was similar for Africanized and European bees.

Relationship Between Different Amounts Of Brood And The Collection And Use Of Pollen By The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera), Richard L. Hellmich Ii, Walter C. Rothenbuhler

Richard L Hellmich

Observation colonies each with approximately 1000 bees were given three levels of brood (0, 100 and 400 cells). Foraging was restricted to artificial sources in flight cages. Collection, storage and use of pollen increased with brood level. Eggs and larvae stimulated pollen foraging, and larvae, particularly older larvae, stimulated pollen use.