Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (476)
- Mathematics (457)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (86)
- Library and Information Science (69)
- Engineering (12)
-
- Computer Sciences (10)
- Physics (9)
- Computer Engineering (8)
- Life Sciences (8)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (8)
- Economics (6)
- Public Health (5)
- Statistics and Probability (5)
- Applied Statistics (4)
- Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics (4)
- Quantum Physics (4)
- Theory and Algorithms (4)
- Algebra (3)
- Anthropology (3)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (3)
- Biological and Physical Anthropology (3)
- Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory (3)
- Environmental Studies (3)
- Genetics and Genomics (3)
- Growth and Development (3)
- Scholarly Communication (3)
- Scholarly Publishing (3)
- Agricultural and Resource Economics (2)
- Applied Mathematics (2)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (2)
- Keyword
-
- Mathematics (205)
- Computer science (103)
- Algorithms (83)
- Statistics (79)
- Algebra (61)
-
- Probability (48)
- Engineering (41)
- Optimization (39)
- Decomposition (35)
- Equilibrium (35)
- Maps (35)
- South Asian studies (30)
- Design (29)
- Inequality (28)
- Civil engineering (27)
- Hilbert space (27)
- Households (24)
- Agriculture (23)
- Artificial intelligence (23)
- Construction (23)
- Finance (23)
- Neighborhoods (22)
- Eigen values (21)
- Expenditures (21)
- Mathematical functions (20)
- Competition (19)
- Decision making (19)
- Neural networks (19)
- Prices (19)
- Banach spaces (18)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 31 - 60 of 710
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
C∗-Extreme Points Of Positive Operator Valued Measures And Unital Completely Positive Maps, Tathagata Banerjee, B. V.Rajarama Bhat, Manish Kumar
C∗-Extreme Points Of Positive Operator Valued Measures And Unital Completely Positive Maps, Tathagata Banerjee, B. V.Rajarama Bhat, Manish Kumar
ISI Best Publications
We study the quantum (C∗) convexity structure of normalized positive operator valued measures (POVMs) on measurable spaces. In particular, it is seen that unlike extreme points under classical convexity, C∗-extreme points of normalized POVMs on countable spaces (in particular for finite sets) are always spectral measures (normalized projection valued measures). More generally it is shown that atomic C∗-extreme points are spectral. A Krein–Milman type theorem for POVMs has also been proved. As an application it is shown that a map on any commutative unital C∗-algebra with countable spectrum (in particular Cn) is C∗-extreme in the set of unital completely positive …
A Valorisation Approach In Recycling Of Organic Wastes Using Low-Grade Rock Minerals And Microbial Culture Through Vermicomposting, Debabrata Das, Kumar Abbhishek, Pabitra Banik, Pradip Bhattacharya
A Valorisation Approach In Recycling Of Organic Wastes Using Low-Grade Rock Minerals And Microbial Culture Through Vermicomposting, Debabrata Das, Kumar Abbhishek, Pabitra Banik, Pradip Bhattacharya
ISI Best Publications
A study was steered to explore the effect of rock mineral addition (i.e., rock phosphate (RP), dolomite (DM) and mica (MC)) in organic wastes (e.g., water hyacinth and paddy straw) along with microbial inoculums on vermicompost quality. Different amalgamations of four microbial inoculums viz., Trichoderma viride, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus polymixa and Bacillus firmus, and three rock minerals i.e., RP, DM, and MC were used during vermicomposting process to access their effect on the quality of mature vermicompost. A significant reduction in pH, organic carbon, C/N ratio, while significant increase in humic acid, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium was …
Some Nonparametric Hybrid Predictive Models : Asymptotic Properties And Applications., Tanujit Chakraborty Dr.
Some Nonparametric Hybrid Predictive Models : Asymptotic Properties And Applications., Tanujit Chakraborty Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Prediction problems like classification, regression, and time series forecasting have always attracted both the statisticians and computer scientists worldwide to take up the challenges of data science and implementation of complicated models using modern computing facilities. But most traditional statistical and machine learning models assume the available data to be well-behaved in terms of the presence of a full set of essential features, equal size of classes, and stationary data structures in all data instances, etc. Practical data sets from the domain of business analytics, process and quality control, software reliability, and macroeconomics, to name a few, suffer from various …
Some Contributions To Free Probability And Random Matrices., Sukrit Chakraborty Dr.
Some Contributions To Free Probability And Random Matrices., Sukrit Chakraborty Dr.
Doctoral Theses
No abstract provided.
Three Essays On The Political Economics Of Conflict., Dripto Bakshi Dr.
Three Essays On The Political Economics Of Conflict., Dripto Bakshi Dr.
Doctoral Theses
A standard practice in the sociological and comparative-politics literature is to interpret ethnicity broadly as identity cleavages deriving from non-class categories such as language, religion, race and caste. In recent decades, conflicts between ‘ethnic’ communities, i.e., groups divided along non-class identity dimensions such as race, language, and, in particular, religion, have attained increasing salience in many countries. In response to this, a large analytical and empirical literature has developed both in political science and in political economics that seeks to explicate various aspects of this phenomenon. This thesis aims to throw light on two major aspects of ethnic conflicts. (1) …
A Unified Characterization Of The Randomized Strategy-Proof Rules, Souvik Roy, Soumyarup Sadhukhan
A Unified Characterization Of The Randomized Strategy-Proof Rules, Souvik Roy, Soumyarup Sadhukhan
ISI Best Publications
We show that a large class of restricted domains such as single-peaked, single-crossing, single-dipped, tree-single-peaked with top-set along a path, Euclidean, multi-peaked, intermediate (Grandmont (1978)), etc., can be characterized by using betweenness property, and we present a unified characterization of unanimous and strategy-proof random rules on these domains. As corollaries of our result, we show that all the domains we consider in this paper satisfy tops-onlyness and deterministic extreme point property. Finally, we consider weak preferences and provide a class of unanimous and strategy-proof random rules on those domains.
Indian Librarianship At The Crossroads, Kishor Chandra Satpathy
Indian Librarianship At The Crossroads, Kishor Chandra Satpathy
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Some Topics In Leavitt Path Algebras And Their Generalizations., Mohan R. Dr.
Some Topics In Leavitt Path Algebras And Their Generalizations., Mohan R. Dr.
Doctoral Theses
The purpose of this section is to motivate the historical development of Leavitt algebras, Leavitt path algebras and their various generalizations and thus provide a context for this thesis. There are two historical threads which resulted in the definition of Leavitt path algebras. The first one is about the realization problem for von Neumann regular rings and the second one is about studying algebraic analogs of graph C ∗ -algebras. In what follows we briefly survey these threads and also introduce important concepts and terminology which will recur throughout.
Scaling Limits Of Some Random Interface Models., Biltu Dan Dr.
Scaling Limits Of Some Random Interface Models., Biltu Dan Dr.
Doctoral Theses
In this thesis, we study some probabilistic models of random interfaces. Interfaces between different phases have been topic of considerable interest in statistical physics. These interfaces are described by a family of random variables, indexed by the ddimensional integer lattice, which are considered as a height configuration, namely they indicate the height of the interface above a reference hyperplane. The models are defined in terms of an energy function (Hamiltonian), which defines a Gibbs measure on the set of height configurations. More formally, letÏ• = {Ï•x}x∈Z dbe a collection of real numbers indexed by the d-dimensional integer lattice Z d. …
On The Inertia Conjecture And Its Generalizations., Soumyadip Das Dr.
On The Inertia Conjecture And Its Generalizations., Soumyadip Das Dr.
Doctoral Theses
This thesis concerns problems related to the ramification behaviour of the branched Galois covers of smooth projective connected curves defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. Our first main problem is the Inertia Conjecture proposed by Abhyankar in 2001. We will show several new evidence for this conjecture. We also formulate a certain generalization of it which is our second problem, and we provide evidence for it. We give a brief overview of these problems in this introduction and reserve the details for Chapter 4.Let k be an algebraically closed field, and U be a smooth connected affine …
Commuting Isometries And Invariant Subspaces In Several Variables., Sankar T. R. Dr.
Commuting Isometries And Invariant Subspaces In Several Variables., Sankar T. R. Dr.
Doctoral Theses
A very general and fundamental problem in the theory of bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces is to find invariants and representations of commuting families of isometries.In the case of single isometries this question has a complete and explicit answer: If V is an isometry on a Hilbert space â„‹, then there exists a Hilbert space Hu and a unitary operator U on â„‹u such that V on â„‹u and[ S ⊗ IW 0 0 U] ∈ B((l 2 (ℤ+) ⊗ W) ⊕ â„‹u),are unitarily equivalent, whereW = ker V∗ ,is the wandering subspace for V and S is the …
Essays On Collective Contests And Bargaining., Dhritiman Gupta Dr.
Essays On Collective Contests And Bargaining., Dhritiman Gupta Dr.
Doctoral Theses
This thesis consists of three theoretical essays in Microeconomics. The first two essays analyze the properties of a particular class of prize sharing rules groups may employ in a situation of a collective contest with another group, over a private good. The third essay studies a situation of multi-lateral bargaining, where a buyer wants to successfully bargain with multiple sellers, who own an input each, so that he can implement a grand project. The main focus of the thesis is to theorize about and generate hypotheses of the situations summarized above. In the first chapter, we consider a situation of …
Dealing With Classification Irregularities In Real-World Scenarios., Payel Sadhukhan Dr.
Dealing With Classification Irregularities In Real-World Scenarios., Payel Sadhukhan Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Data processing by the human sensory system comes naturally. This processing, commonly denoted as pattern recognition and analysis are carried out spontaneously by humans. In day to day life, in most cases, decision making by humans come without any conscious effort. From the middle of the past century, humans have shown interest to render their abstraction capabilities (pattern recognition and analysis) to the machine. The abstraction capability of the machine is ’machine intelligence’ or ’machine learning’ [87].The primary goal of machine learning methods is to extract some meaningful information from the ’data’. Data refers to the information or attributes that …
Essays In Behavioral Social Choice Theory., Sarvesh Bandhu Dr.
Essays In Behavioral Social Choice Theory., Sarvesh Bandhu Dr.
Doctoral Theses
This thesis comprises four essays on social choice theory. The first three essays/chapters consider models where voters follow “non-standard” rules for decision making. The last chapter considers the binary social choice model and analyzes the consequences of a new axiom. The first chapter introduces a new axiom for manipulability when voters incur a cost if they misreport their true preference ordering. The second chapter considers the random voting model with strategic voters where standard stochastic dominance strategy-proofness is replaced by strategy-proofness under two lexicographic criteria. The third chapter also considers the random voting model but from a non-strategic perspective. It …
Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism: A Game Theoretic Approach., Aditya Bhan Dr.
Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism: A Game Theoretic Approach., Aditya Bhan Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Microeconomic concepts are often applied to analyze the phenomenon of terrorism, and gametheoretic frameworks are commonly applied throughout the existing literature. This is unsurprising, since real-world scenarios involving strategic interactions are best formulated using game theory because such formulations not only provide deep insights into the web of incentives and disincentives within which each player operates and consequent predictive paradigms, but also enable the creation of policy architectures based on anticipation of players‟ actions and/or alteration of players‟ incentives/disincentives to encourage/discourage certain behavioural outcomes. This thesis also applies game-theoretic frameworks to analyze some issues within the domain of terrorism and …
Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein And Tdp-43 Pathology, Stress And Sleep Behavior Disorders, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ravi Philip Rajkumar, Elijah W. Stommel, Randy Kulesza, Yusra Mansour, Adriana Rico-Villanueva, Jorge Orlando Flores-Vázquez, Rafael Brito-Aguilar, Silvia Ramírez-Sánchez, Griselda García-Alonso, Diana A. Chávez-Franco, Samuel C. Luévano-Castro, Edgar García-Rojas, Paula Revueltas-Ficachi, Rodolfo Villarreal-Ríos, Partha S. Mukherjee
Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein And Tdp-43 Pathology, Stress And Sleep Behavior Disorders, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ravi Philip Rajkumar, Elijah W. Stommel, Randy Kulesza, Yusra Mansour, Adriana Rico-Villanueva, Jorge Orlando Flores-Vázquez, Rafael Brito-Aguilar, Silvia Ramírez-Sánchez, Griselda García-Alonso, Diana A. Chávez-Franco, Samuel C. Luévano-Castro, Edgar García-Rojas, Paula Revueltas-Ficachi, Rodolfo Villarreal-Ríos, Partha S. Mukherjee
ISI Best Publications
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD …
A Global Metagenomic Map Of Urban Microbiomes And Antimicrobial Resistance, David Danko, Daniela Bezdan, Evan E. Afshin, Sofia Ahsanuddin, Chandrima Bhattacharya, Daniel J. Butler, Kern Rei Chng, Daisy Donnellan, Jochen Hecht, Katelyn Jackson, Katerina Kuchin, Mikhail Karasikov, Abigail Lyons, Lauren Mak, Dmitry Meleshko, Harun Mustafa, Beth Mutai, Russell Y. Neches, Amanda Ng, Olga Nikolayeva, Tatyana Nikolayeva, Eileen Png, Krista A. Ryon, Jorge L. Sanchez, Heba Shaaban, Maria A. Sierra, Dominique Thomas, Ben Young, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Josue Alicea, Malay Bhattacharyya, Ran Blekhman, Eduardo Castro-Nallar
A Global Metagenomic Map Of Urban Microbiomes And Antimicrobial Resistance, David Danko, Daniela Bezdan, Evan E. Afshin, Sofia Ahsanuddin, Chandrima Bhattacharya, Daniel J. Butler, Kern Rei Chng, Daisy Donnellan, Jochen Hecht, Katelyn Jackson, Katerina Kuchin, Mikhail Karasikov, Abigail Lyons, Lauren Mak, Dmitry Meleshko, Harun Mustafa, Beth Mutai, Russell Y. Neches, Amanda Ng, Olga Nikolayeva, Tatyana Nikolayeva, Eileen Png, Krista A. Ryon, Jorge L. Sanchez, Heba Shaaban, Maria A. Sierra, Dominique Thomas, Ben Young, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Josue Alicea, Malay Bhattacharyya, Ran Blekhman, Eduardo Castro-Nallar
ISI Best Publications
We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and …
Touch Thee Not: Group Conflict, Caste Power And Untouchability In Rural India, Indraneel Dasgupta, Sarmistha Pal
Touch Thee Not: Group Conflict, Caste Power And Untouchability In Rural India, Indraneel Dasgupta, Sarmistha Pal
ISI Best Publications
We investigate the impact of community power on the practice of untouchability - the avoidance of physical contact – by upper and backward caste Hindus vis-à-vis ‘scheduled’ castes (SCs) in rural India. We hypothesize that an upper or Other Backward caste (OBC) household's propensity to practise untouchability is determined not solely by its own characteristics but, crucially, also by the inter-group distribution of resources across both caste and religious divides, via political contestation over behavioural norms. Our model predicts that greater collective resource endowment (power) of SCs, or that of Muslims and Christians, will reduce the likelihood of an upper …
Bayesian Filtering For Multi-Period Mean–Variance Portfolio Selection, Shubhangi Sikaria, Rituparna Sen, Neelesh S. Upadhye
Bayesian Filtering For Multi-Period Mean–Variance Portfolio Selection, Shubhangi Sikaria, Rituparna Sen, Neelesh S. Upadhye
ISI Best Publications
For a long investment time horizon, it is preferable to rebalance the portfolio weights at intermediate times. This necessitates a multi-period market model. Usually, dynamic programming techniques are applied to optimize the portfolio for the multi-period model. However, this assumes a known distribution for the parameters of the financial time series. We consider the situation where the distribution of parameters is unknown and is estimated directly from the dynamically arriving data. We implement the Bayesian filtering method through dynamic linear models to sequentially update the parameters. We also acknowledge the uncertain investment lifetime to make the model more adaptive to …
Integrated Shift And Drift Control Of A Non-Linear Growth Process., Soham Chakraborty Dr.
Integrated Shift And Drift Control Of A Non-Linear Growth Process., Soham Chakraborty Dr.
Doctoral Theses
In the field of Quality Control (QC), the term 'control' is used to mean many different things. For example, it may refer to an isolated control action (e.g. a process adjustment), a particular type of control architecture (e.g. feedback vs. feed forward control) or even a control discipline (e.g. Deming's PDCA cycle). So will be the case here. But the exact meaning will be clear from the context.Since the development of control chart by Shewhart [1] and the method of acceptance sampling by Dodge and Romig [2] during 1920's - 1940's, the field of quality control has been greatly enriched …
Studies On Diagnostic Coverage And X-Sensitivity In Logic Circuits., Manjari Pradhan Dr.
Studies On Diagnostic Coverage And X-Sensitivity In Logic Circuits., Manjari Pradhan Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Today’s integrated circuits comprise billions of interconnected transistors assembled on a tiny silicon chip, and testing them to ensure functional and timing correctness continues to be a major challenge to designers and test engineers with further downscaling of transistors. Although substantial progress has been witnessed during the last five decades in the area of algorithmic test generation and fault diagnosis, applications of combinatorial and machinelearning (ML) techniques to solve these problems remain largely unexplored till date. In this thesis, we study three problems in the context of digital logic test and diagnosis. The first problem is that of fault diagnosis …
On Tests Of Independence Among Multiplerandom Vectors Of Arbitrary Dimensions., Angshuman Roy Dr.
On Tests Of Independence Among Multiplerandom Vectors Of Arbitrary Dimensions., Angshuman Roy Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Measures of dependence among several random vectors and associated tests of independence play a major role in different statistical applications. Blind source separation or independent component analysis (see, e.g., Hyv¨arinen et al., 2001; Shen et al., 2009), feature selection and feature extraction (see, e.g., Li et al., 2012), detection of serial correlation in time series (see, e.g., Ghoudi et al., 2001) and finding the causal relationships among the variables (see, e.g., Chakraborty and Zhang, 2019) are some examples of their wide-spread applications. Tests of independence has vast applications in other areas of sciences as well. For instance, to characterize the …
Quantum Symmetries In Noncommutative Geometry., Suvrajit Bhattacharjee Dr.
Quantum Symmetries In Noncommutative Geometry., Suvrajit Bhattacharjee Dr.
Doctoral Theses
No abstract provided.
Visualizing The Knowledge Outburst In Global Research On Covid-19, Jiban K. Pal
Visualizing The Knowledge Outburst In Global Research On Covid-19, Jiban K. Pal
ISI Best Publications
The scholarly output of the new coronavirus research has been proliferating. During five months, an amount of 14,588 scientific publications about nCoV-2 and COVID-19 has been generated intensively (as indexed in Scopus on 31 May 2020). Such a knowledge outburst has created ample interest in understanding the research landscape of this newly configured area. This paper demonstrates on scientometric dimensions of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) research using quantifiable characteristics of the publication dataset. Findings reveal that the rate of publication growth (1600%) is very significant to a synergic response of the researchers to combat with the most extended sequence of …
Quantum Markov Maps: Structureand Asymptotics., Vijaya Kumar U. Dr.
Quantum Markov Maps: Structureand Asymptotics., Vijaya Kumar U. Dr.
Doctoral Theses
No abstract provided.
Essays In Social Choice Theory., Dipjyoti Majumdar Dr.
Essays In Social Choice Theory., Dipjyoti Majumdar Dr.
Doctoral Theses
The purpose of this thesis is to explore some issues in social choice theory and decision theory. Social choice theory provides the theoretical foundations for the field of public choice and welfare economics. It tries to bring together normative aspects like perspective value judgements and positive aspects, like strategic con- siderations. The second feature which is our focus, is closely related to the problem of providing appropriate incentives to agents, an issue of prime importance in eco- nomics.Consider for example, a set of agents who must elect one among a set of can- didates. These candidates may be physical agents …
Essays On Random Social Choice Theory, Soumyarup Sadhukhan Dr.
Essays On Random Social Choice Theory, Soumyarup Sadhukhan Dr.
Doctoral Theses
The thesis covers an extreme point characterization of strategy-proof and unanimous probabilistic rules over binary restricted domains. It shows that every strategy-proof and unanimous probabilistic rule on a binary restricted domain has binary support, and is a probabilistic mixture of strategy-proof and unanimous deterministic rules. Examples of binary restricted domains are single-dipped domains, which are of interest when considering the location of public bads. We also provide an extension to infinitely many alternatives. It also discusses that a random rule on a top-connected single-peaked domain is unanimous and strategy-proof if and only if it is a random min-max rule. As …
Method And System For Region Proposal Based Object Recognition For Estimating Planogram Compliance, Avishek Kumar Shaw, Rajashree Ramakrishnan, Shilpa Yadukumar Rao, Pranoy Hari, Dipti Prasad Mukherjee, Bikash Santra
Method And System For Region Proposal Based Object Recognition For Estimating Planogram Compliance, Avishek Kumar Shaw, Rajashree Ramakrishnan, Shilpa Yadukumar Rao, Pranoy Hari, Dipti Prasad Mukherjee, Bikash Santra
Patents
This disclosure relates generally to a system and method to identify various products on a plurality of images of various shelves of a retail store to facilitate compliance with respect to planograms. Planogram is a visual plan, which designates the placement of products on shelves and merchandising display fixtures of a retail store. Planograms are used to create consistency between store locations, to provide proper shelf space allocation, to improve visual merchandising appeal, and to create product-pairing suggestions. There are a few assumptions considering one instance per product class is available beforehand and the physical dimension of each product template …
Reframing The Debate On Quality V/S Quantity In Research Assessment, Jiban K. Pal
Reframing The Debate On Quality V/S Quantity In Research Assessment, Jiban K. Pal
ISI Best Publications
The debate on quality versus quantity is still persistent for methodological considerations. These two approaches are highly contrasting in their epistemology and contrary to each other. A single composite indicator that reasonably senses both quality and quantity would be significant toward performance. This paper evaluates the potency of the combined metric for quality assessment of publications (QP) in India’s National Institutional Research Framework (NIRF) exercise in 2020. It also suggests a potential improvement in quality measurement to obtain the rankings more rationally with finer tunings.
Essays On Behavioral Industrial Organization And Welfare., Priyanka Kothari Dr.
Essays On Behavioral Industrial Organization And Welfare., Priyanka Kothari Dr.
Doctoral Theses
Many traits of economic agents are well studied and understood by psychologists that are yet to be captured by economic theory. This thesis, in the field of behavioral economics, is yet another attempt at unifying the different approaches of the two well-established disciplines - we ask what does economics predict of the behavior of economic agents ... once the psychology behind their decisions is accounted for. In a nutshell, this thesis is about the implications of choice-making among available alternatives.We begin with the idea that an economic agent only derives satisfaction from what he consumes without worrying at all (let …