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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
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Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 1 Hydrometeorological Analysis And Lake Surface Area Mapping*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The spatial distribution of stocks of water is useful in studying flood, water pollution and water supply problems. Flood prone and closed basin watersheds benefit from spatial water balance studies in understanding the hydrologic processes and deal with excess water problems. In this study, we present results of a study of the hydrology Devils Lake basin of the Red River of the North, northeastern North Dakota partitioned in to two parts. Part 1 addresses the hydrometeorological analysis and lake surface area mapping of the basin and Part 2 deals with spatial surface water balance modeling using Landsat images and geographic …
Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 2 Grid-Based Spatial Surface Water Balance Modeling*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this part of the study, grid-based spatial water balance approach was used to estimate the annual water balance of Devils Lake basin, hydrologically closed lake located in the Red River of the North basin, northeastern North Dakota. Landsat images from 1991 to 2003 were used in the study. Using spatial precipitation, land-cover and soils data, grid-based surface runoff was estimated based on the Curve Number method. The calibrated upstream runoff inflow for each grid cell was computed using a 10-m digital elevation model. Spatial evapotranspiration was estimated for the study area from remotely-sensed data using a surface energy flux …
Kriging Of Groundwater Levels – A Case Study
Kriging Of Groundwater Levels – A Case Study
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this paper, application of the spatial statistical technique, kriging, for the spatial analysis of groundwater levels is shown. The data set consists of groundwater levels measured at about 60 points (the number of points vary from year to year) twice in a year (June and September) for six years (1985-1990) in an area of 2100 sq km in part of the canal command area of Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana (IGNP) in Rajasthan, India. With the use of measured elevations of the water table, experimental semivariograms were constructed that characterises the spatial variability of the measured groundwater levels. Spherical, exponential …
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling For An Experimental Watershed Of Western Greece Using Extended Time-Area Method And Gis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this study, an effort was made to simulate the transformation of rainfall into runoff, in a small experimental mountainous-forested watershed in western Greece. The main objective was the production of flood hydrographs by calculating average flow velocities (inside and outside the stream network). The usefulness of the flow velocities lies in using them in other ungauged small-forested watersheds that have similar geomorphological and hydrological characteristics. The meteorological and hydrological data of four storm events were obtained from the corresponding stations that are located near and at the outlet of the watershed, respectively. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used …
Stochastic Simulation Of Soil Water Status On Reclaimed Land In Northern Alberta
Stochastic Simulation Of Soil Water Status On Reclaimed Land In Northern Alberta
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Studies of spatial variability and simulation of available soil water and extractable soil water are scarce and yet such data are essential in hydrologic and solute transport modeling. A study was conducted to characterize spatial variability of available soil water and extractable soil water on a reclaimed site in northern Alberta. The vegetation on site included grasses, legumes and shrubs. The site was reclaimed and the reconstructed profile was made up of 40-100 cm of clay loam/peat material overlying fine tailings sand. Soil water was measured using neutron moisture meters on a frequency of approximately two weeks during the growing …
Classification Of Spatio -Temporal Pattern Of Rainfall In Iran Using A Hierarchical And Divisive Cluster Analysis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The identification of spatial rainfall pattern is an essential task for hydrologists, climatologists as well as regional and local planners and managers. This is due to the variability of both the temporal spatial distribution of rainfall. In this study, a hierarchical and divisive cluster analysis was used to categorize these patterns of rainfall in Iran. According to results obtained, there are eight main spatial groups of annual rainfall over Iran. These groups can be classified into 3 main seasonal rainfall regimes namely, winter, winter-spring and fall regimes. The results also show that the elevation and sea neighborhood affect rainfall pattern …
Estimating Spatial Curve Number For Hydrologic Response Analysis Of A Small Watershed
Estimating Spatial Curve Number For Hydrologic Response Analysis Of A Small Watershed
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
An approach to estimate the curve number (CN) at each pixel unit of a satellite imagery, which is a key parameter in the widely used Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS- CN) hydrologic model, is proposed. Instead of mapping land use and its temporal dynamics from satellite imageries, this approach linearly unmixes the multi-spectral radiances into three fractional layers which primarily control the degree of saturation within a watershed occurring due to a 25 cm-depth storm event, i.e., physically interpreted as the CN. The fraction layers used are water, sand and pure vegetation. In order to obtain a relationship between …
Predicting Runoff And Phosphorus Loads From Variable Source Areas A Terrain-Based Spatial Modelling Approach
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Research has been conducted at Flaxley Agricultural Centre in South Australia to predict phosphorus loss in surface runoff from dairy pastures. Part of the research investigated if the topography based, spatially distributed hydrological model - TOPMODEL could be adapted to successfully predict phosphorus loads off dryland and irrigated catchments, where variable source area hydrology is considered a dominant process. This was carried out by integrating one season of field measured runoff and P load data with rainfall and evapotranspiration data. The methodology uses TOPMODEL to simulate runoff volume and spatial extent of saturated areas, using a topographic index - ln(As/tanB) …
Development Of A Multivariate Regression Model For Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content Prediction*
Development Of A Multivariate Regression Model For Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content Prediction*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Although soil nitrate nitrogen (N) is a nutrient source for crop, it could be a potential nonpoint pollution source to the environment when its content remains high with an inappropriate management. Soil nitrate N content is affected by various factors, such as cultivation practices, N fertilizer application rate, soil properties, and climatic conditions. Understanding the effects of these factors on soil nitrate N content is necessary for nitrogen management and nonpoint source pollution control. Taking the data measured from 1996 to 1998 in a 25 ha row crop field located in Central Iowa, this paper intended to study the interwoven …
Estimating Spatial Sediment Delivery Ratio On A Large Rural Catchment
Estimating Spatial Sediment Delivery Ratio On A Large Rural Catchment
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Soil erosion and sediment yield from catchments are key limitations to achieving sustainable land use and maintaining water quality in streams, lakes and other water bodies. Controlling sediment loading requires the knowledge of the soil erosion and sedimentation. However, sediment yield is usually not available as a direct measurement but estimated by using a sediment delivery ratio (SDR). An accurate prediction of SDR is important in controlling sediments for sustainable natural resources development and environmental protection. There is no precise procedure to estimate SDR, although the USDA has published a handbook in which the SDR is related to drainage area. …
Groundwater Resources Evaluation In The Piedmont Zone Of Himalaya, India, Using Isotope And Gis Techniques
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Integrated geohydrological, isotopes and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques have been used to delineate groundwater resources potential in the Piedmont zone of Himalayan foothill region, Uttaranchal, India. Thematic maps for hydrogeomorphology, slope, and drainage density have been prepared and integrated with the help of GIS by assigning the weights to various attributes controlling occurrence of groundwater to generate the groundwater potential map for the study area. The results indicates that the southern part of the study area has very good groundwater potential whereas the steeply sloping area in the northern part having high relief and high drainage density possesses poor …
Watershed Physiography, Land Use, And Sediment Yield: A Case Study From Northwest Arkansas, Usa
Watershed Physiography, Land Use, And Sediment Yield: A Case Study From Northwest Arkansas, Usa
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Precision echo sounder surveys of bathymetry and sediment thickness of Lee Creek Reservoir and Lake Shepherd Springs (northwest Arkansas) were combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses of watershed digital elevation data and land use/land cover data to evaluate the relative importance of watershed area, watershed physiography, and land use/land cover on sediment yield and reservoir sedimentation. Both reservoirs have comparable surface areas, though Lee Creek Reservoir has approximately one-half the storage capacity of Lake Shepherd Springs (9.47 x 106 m3 versus 18.8 x 106 m3 ) due to the fact that its average depth is …
Estimation Of Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics From Electrical Sounding Data: The Case Of Middle Imo River Basin Aquifers, South- Eastern Nigeria.
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
We have used the concept of Da - Zarrouk parameters (transverse unit resistance (R) and longitudinal conductance (C)) in porous media to determine aquifer hydraulic characteristics within the middle Imo river basin. The lithostratigraphic units within the study area include: Imo formation, Bende - Ameki formation, Ogwashi Asaba formation and Benin formation. The direct current electrical resistivity method was utilized for the present study. Twenty-four (24) vertical electrical soundings (VES) using the Schlumberger array was acquired for the study area. A maximum current electrode spacing (AB) of 1000 meters was used. Eight of the soundings were carried out near existing …
Mapping Of Contamination Plumes At Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites Using Geoelectric Imaging Technique: Case Studies In Malaysia
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Municipal solid waste disposal sites can be sources of groundwater contamination and the contamination problems are more likely to occur in humid areas, where the moisture available exceeds the ability of the waste pile absorb water. In tropical country like Malaysia which is characterized by high rainfall, the subsurface contamination problems are expected to occur. Seriousness of the pollution problem is still unknown and specific detailed study is generally needed. Two dimensional geoelectrical imaging has frequently been used in the subsurface pollution studies. The method maps the distribution of resistivity of subsurface materials. The resistivity image provides general information on …
Estimating Limiting Nutrient Loadings In An Interacting Surface And Ground Water Basin
Estimating Limiting Nutrient Loadings In An Interacting Surface And Ground Water Basin
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Watershed management requires the determination of both point and non-point sources of pollution within a watershed. The primary non-point source pollutants in a typical watershed are nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus), sediment, and pesticides. In the Snake River Basin, in Idaho, nutrients from non-point sources (primarily agricultural) are delivered to streams via storm water and irrigation runoff. However, the objectives of this study were to estimate the phosphorus loading from different sources in the Snake River Basin due to storm water events, to calculate the total nitrogen/phosphorus (TN/TP) ratios for land uses, and to compare and a precipitation runoff model …
Hydrologic Modeling Of The Upper Suriname River Basin Using Wetspa And Arcview Gis
Hydrologic Modeling Of The Upper Suriname River Basin Using Wetspa And Arcview Gis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
A grid-based distributed hydrological model WetSpa, compatible with ArcView Geographic Information Systems (GIS), was applied to the 7,860 km2 Upper Suriname River basin. Model parameters were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM), land use and soil type map of the basin. These parameters and the observed daily meteorological data (1978-1983) were used (1) to tests the performance of the WetSpa model to a large tropical basin, (2) to simulate water balance and outflow hydrographs, (3) to identify the different flow components and (4) to study the most sensitive model parameters for the study catchment. The statistical model evaluation …
Selection Of Site For Small Hydel Using Gis In The Himalayan Region Of India
Selection Of Site For Small Hydel Using Gis In The Himalayan Region Of India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The choice of site for small hydro in the inaccessible tracts of Himalayan region is a difficult task by the conventional methods. This leads to a considerable loss of time and money in selecting a proper site for small hydel. In this paper an attempt has been made to use GIS and Remote Sensing technology to arrive at various alternative sites available in the study area and finally to select the most technically suitable site. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) method has been utilized to identify the monthly average runoff of the site. The distributed curve number …
Erosion Risk Assessment Using An Empirical Model Of Pacific South West Inter Agency Committee Method For Zargeh Watershed, Iran
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. In addressing the issue, a study on the validity of an empirical model of Pacific South West Inter Agency Committee Method (MPSIAC) to predict annual average sediment yield to Zargeh watershed was undertaken. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed namely: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and …
Estimation Of Aquifer Transmissivity Using Kriging, Artificial Neural Network, And Neuro-Fuzzy Models
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In interpolation of groundwater properties such as transmissivity, due to the unknown distributed values of the variables and heterogenity, the best and the unbiased aspects are frequently difficult to obtain. Therefore, applying a modern technique is necessary to obtain a real estimation of transmissivity. To gain the transmissivity values as an input data in groundwater modelling, the ordinary log kriging method has been used. In this study, the efficiency of the Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), artificial neural networks and ordinary kriging are investigated for interpolation of transmissivity in an unconfined aquifer. The results indicate that ANFIS model …